Notes 10
... Molecules can be chiral. Pairs of molecules which are non-superimposable mirror images of one another are called enantiomers. Enantiomers are examples of stereoisomers: molecules which differ only in the spatial arrangement of atoms. Molecules with a single carbon atom bearing four different substit ...
... Molecules can be chiral. Pairs of molecules which are non-superimposable mirror images of one another are called enantiomers. Enantiomers are examples of stereoisomers: molecules which differ only in the spatial arrangement of atoms. Molecules with a single carbon atom bearing four different substit ...
A Crash Course In Organic Chemistry
... portion of a molecule that undergoes predictable reactions. All other organic compounds can be considered to be derivatives of hydrocarbons ...
... portion of a molecule that undergoes predictable reactions. All other organic compounds can be considered to be derivatives of hydrocarbons ...
physicochemical properties of organic medicinal agents
... creates the potential for "geometric isomerism". Geometric isomerism is possible when each carbon atom of the double bond is asymmetrically substituted as illustrated for illustrated for the examples of 1- and 2-butene below. In each case, the C==C restricts rotation, but only 2-butene is asymmetric ...
... creates the potential for "geometric isomerism". Geometric isomerism is possible when each carbon atom of the double bond is asymmetrically substituted as illustrated for illustrated for the examples of 1- and 2-butene below. In each case, the C==C restricts rotation, but only 2-butene is asymmetric ...
Organic Compounds - 2012 Book Archive
... these biological molecules obey the same chemical principles as simpler organic molecules. Thus we can use Lewis electron structures to understand the preferred mode of reactivity of a variety of organic compounds, relative electronegativities and bond polarities to predict how certain groups of ato ...
... these biological molecules obey the same chemical principles as simpler organic molecules. Thus we can use Lewis electron structures to understand the preferred mode of reactivity of a variety of organic compounds, relative electronegativities and bond polarities to predict how certain groups of ato ...
1 Chapter 21: Organic and Biochemical Molecules
... The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms determines the root name for the hydrocarbon. Note the longest chain might not be in a straight line. ...
... The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms determines the root name for the hydrocarbon. Note the longest chain might not be in a straight line. ...
Organic Chemistry Fifth Edition
... Ethers resemble alcohols more than alkanes with respect to solubility in water solubility in water (g/100 mL) very small ...
... Ethers resemble alcohols more than alkanes with respect to solubility in water solubility in water (g/100 mL) very small ...
Chapter 14 Notes
... • Change ending of the root hydrocarbon name by dropping –e and adding –al. • All other branches and groups are named and located using standard IUPAC system. ...
... • Change ending of the root hydrocarbon name by dropping –e and adding –al. • All other branches and groups are named and located using standard IUPAC system. ...
CHEM 121. Chapter 15
... For each pair of compounds, select a correct characterization from the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all. a) have the same molecular formula but are different compounds b) both contain a carbon ring system c) contain the same number of carbon atoms but ha ...
... For each pair of compounds, select a correct characterization from the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all. a) have the same molecular formula but are different compounds b) both contain a carbon ring system c) contain the same number of carbon atoms but ha ...
Functional Groups
... – The name of the hydrocarbon that was substituted determines the name of the alcohol. – The alcohol is named using the hydrocarbon name and adding the suffix –ol. • If methane is substituted with an OH group it becomes methanol • If a pentane group is substituted with an OH group it is pentanol. • ...
... – The name of the hydrocarbon that was substituted determines the name of the alcohol. – The alcohol is named using the hydrocarbon name and adding the suffix –ol. • If methane is substituted with an OH group it becomes methanol • If a pentane group is substituted with an OH group it is pentanol. • ...
4 Organic Chemistry
... What we have done is introduce a branch in the carbon chain. Now we must be able to distinguish between these two compounds by giving them different names. In this case it is quite straightforward. We call the straight-chain molecule n-butane and the branched molecule iso-butane. However, when alkan ...
... What we have done is introduce a branch in the carbon chain. Now we must be able to distinguish between these two compounds by giving them different names. In this case it is quite straightforward. We call the straight-chain molecule n-butane and the branched molecule iso-butane. However, when alkan ...
CH 2
... has a side groups or chain, the double bond is numbered as carbon 1 & 2 in the direction around the ring that gives the lowest numbers to the first branch……. ...
... has a side groups or chain, the double bond is numbered as carbon 1 & 2 in the direction around the ring that gives the lowest numbers to the first branch……. ...
Organic Chemistry
... hydrocarbons are also classified as alkanes. Alkanes are hydrocarbons that contain only single covalent bonds. Since the carbons in these molecules bond to the maximum number of hydrogens, alkanes are known as saturated hydrocarbons. Alkanes can be described by the general formula CnH2n 2. This re ...
... hydrocarbons are also classified as alkanes. Alkanes are hydrocarbons that contain only single covalent bonds. Since the carbons in these molecules bond to the maximum number of hydrogens, alkanes are known as saturated hydrocarbons. Alkanes can be described by the general formula CnH2n 2. This re ...
Topic 8 notes - A
... Chloroalkanes and chlorofluoroalkanes can be used as solvents. One type in particular, known as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), are widely used in aerosols and fridges. Chlorofluorocarbons are haloalkanes containing chlorine and fluorine atoms but not hydrogen atoms, eg CCl2F2 or CClF3. The small chloro ...
... Chloroalkanes and chlorofluoroalkanes can be used as solvents. One type in particular, known as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), are widely used in aerosols and fridges. Chlorofluorocarbons are haloalkanes containing chlorine and fluorine atoms but not hydrogen atoms, eg CCl2F2 or CClF3. The small chloro ...
CHEM 121 Chapter 14. Name: Date: ______ 1. The simplest alcohol
... B) rubbing alcohol is pure methyl alcohol C) absolute alcohol is pure methanol D) absolute ethanol has all water removed from it 5. In which of the following pairs of alcohols do both members of the pair contain two or more hydroxyl groups? A) s-butanol and ethylene glycol B) propylene glycol and gl ...
... B) rubbing alcohol is pure methyl alcohol C) absolute alcohol is pure methanol D) absolute ethanol has all water removed from it 5. In which of the following pairs of alcohols do both members of the pair contain two or more hydroxyl groups? A) s-butanol and ethylene glycol B) propylene glycol and gl ...
Isomerism - Knockhardy
... There are two structural isomers of C4H10. One is a straight chain molecule where all the carbon atoms are in a single row. The other is a branched molecule where three carbon atoms are in a row and one carbon atom sticks out of the main chain. ...
... There are two structural isomers of C4H10. One is a straight chain molecule where all the carbon atoms are in a single row. The other is a branched molecule where three carbon atoms are in a row and one carbon atom sticks out of the main chain. ...
No Slide Title
... There are two structural isomers of C4H10. One is a straight chain molecule where all the carbon atoms are in a single row. The other is a branched molecule where three carbon atoms are in a row and one carbon atom sticks out of the main chain. ...
... There are two structural isomers of C4H10. One is a straight chain molecule where all the carbon atoms are in a single row. The other is a branched molecule where three carbon atoms are in a row and one carbon atom sticks out of the main chain. ...
BIOO211 SN05 Lecture OrganicChem
... o The two isomers of the amino acid, leucine, for have different tastes, L -leucine is bitter, whereas D-leucine is sweeter. o Structural isomers • Have different bonding arrangements (Ethyl alcohol and dimethyl ether, it is a constitutional or functional group isomerism) o Stereoisomers • Contain t ...
... o The two isomers of the amino acid, leucine, for have different tastes, L -leucine is bitter, whereas D-leucine is sweeter. o Structural isomers • Have different bonding arrangements (Ethyl alcohol and dimethyl ether, it is a constitutional or functional group isomerism) o Stereoisomers • Contain t ...
CHAPTER 11 BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE:
... Alkyl group names are used for simple alkyl group substituents. When there are two or more substituents, the positions around the ring are numbered beginning with the substituent first in the alphabet. ...
... Alkyl group names are used for simple alkyl group substituents. When there are two or more substituents, the positions around the ring are numbered beginning with the substituent first in the alphabet. ...
Chapter 25 Organic and Biological Chemistry
... How to Name a Compound 1. Find the longest chain in the molecule. 2. Number the chain from the end nearest the first substituent encountered. 3. List the substituents as a prefix along with the number(s) of the carbon(s) to which they are attached. Organic and Biological Chemistry © 2009, Prentice- ...
... How to Name a Compound 1. Find the longest chain in the molecule. 2. Number the chain from the end nearest the first substituent encountered. 3. List the substituents as a prefix along with the number(s) of the carbon(s) to which they are attached. Organic and Biological Chemistry © 2009, Prentice- ...
Modern Organic Chemistry
... IUPAC Names The IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) is responsible for chemistry names. Before learning the IUPAC rules for naming alkanes, the names and structures of eight alkyl groups must be learned. These alkyl groups are historical names accepted by the IUPAC and integra ...
... IUPAC Names The IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) is responsible for chemistry names. Before learning the IUPAC rules for naming alkanes, the names and structures of eight alkyl groups must be learned. These alkyl groups are historical names accepted by the IUPAC and integra ...
Naming Organic Compounds I
... ten alkanes, given in Table 1, should be memorized. Larger alkanes, such as icosane (C20H42), have more complicated names and are outside the scope of this course. If one hydrogen atom is removed from an alkane, the remaining part of the molecule is called an alkyl group. Alkyl groups are named by r ...
... ten alkanes, given in Table 1, should be memorized. Larger alkanes, such as icosane (C20H42), have more complicated names and are outside the scope of this course. If one hydrogen atom is removed from an alkane, the remaining part of the molecule is called an alkyl group. Alkyl groups are named by r ...
Chapter 4
... Each level of the hierarchy gets relatively less and less complex. Think about it. Protons, neutrons and electrons can combine in an infinite number of ways to make an infinite number of elements, but they don’t. There are only 115 known elements, and to make it simpler, only 88 occur naturally. To ...
... Each level of the hierarchy gets relatively less and less complex. Think about it. Protons, neutrons and electrons can combine in an infinite number of ways to make an infinite number of elements, but they don’t. There are only 115 known elements, and to make it simpler, only 88 occur naturally. To ...
Chapter 4 – Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
... responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those ...
... responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those ...
Alkane
In organic chemistry, an alkane, or paraffin (a historical name that also has other meanings), is a saturated hydrocarbon. Alkanes consist only of hydrogen and carbon atoms and all bonds are single bonds. Alkanes (technically, always acyclic or open-chain compounds) have the general chemical formula CnH2n+2. For example, Methane is CH4, in which n=1 (n being the number of Carbon atoms). Alkanes belong to a homologous series of organic compounds in which the members differ by a molecular mass of 14.03u (mass of a methanediyl group, —CH2—, one carbon atom of mass 12.01u, and two hydrogen atoms of mass ≈1.01u each). There are two main commercial sources: petroleum (crude oil) and natural gas.Each carbon atom has 4 bonds (either C-H or C-C bonds), and each hydrogen atom is joined to a carbon atom (H-C bonds). A series of linked carbon atoms is known as the carbon skeleton or carbon backbone. The number of carbon atoms is used to define the size of the alkane e.g., C2-alkane.An alkyl group, generally abbreviated with the symbol R, is a functional group or side-chain that, like an alkane, consists solely of single-bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms, for example a methyl or ethyl group.The simplest possible alkane (the parent molecule) is methane, CH4. There is no limit to the number of carbon atoms that can be linked together, the only limitation being that the molecule is acyclic, is saturated, and is a hydrocarbon. Waxes include examples of larger alkanes where the number of carbons in the carbon backbone is greater than about 17, above which the compounds are solids at standard ambient temperature and pressure (SATP).Alkanes are not very reactive and have little biological activity. All alkanes are colourless and odourless. Alkanes can be viewed as a molecular tree upon which can be hung the more biologically active/reactive portions (functional groups) of the molecule.