Download 4797 Chem Test Ch 21

Menu
Print
Name
Date
Class
CHAPTER 21 TEST
Other Organic Compounds
MULTIPLE CHOICE On the line at the left of each statement, write the letter of the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1.
A polymer that does not melt when heated but keeps its original shape is a
a. thermoplastic
b. thermosetting
2.
c. linear
d. branched
Which of the following is used in making cold creams, lipsticks, and body lotions?
a. ethanol
b. ethylene glycol
3.
c. glycerol
d. methanol
Which of the following is used to give skis and cookware a nonsticking surface?
a. dichlorodifluoromethane
b. tetrafluoroethene
4.
Esters are frequently used
c. tetrachloromethane
d. polyvinylchloride
.
a. as water purifiers
b. as indicators
5.
c. in perfumes and flavorings
d. as electrolytes
Compared with its corresponding unsaturated fatty acid, a saturated fatty acid has
a. more hydrogen
b. less hydrogen
6.
polymer.
.
c. more oxygen
d. less oxygen
Large molecules made of many small units joined to each other in organic reactions are
.
a. monomers
b. polymers
c. functional groups
d. carboxylic acids
FILL IN THE BLANK Write the correct term (or terms) in the space provided.
7. The process in which adjacent polyisoprene molecules cross-link when they are heated with sulfur
atoms is called
.
8. An atom or group of atoms responsible for the properties of an organic compound is a(n)
.
9. The hydrogenation of vegetable oil is an example of a(n)
reaction.
10. The reaction between methane and chlorine in which a chlorine atom replaces a hydrogen atom in
the methane molecule is an example of a(n)
MODERN CHEMISTRY
HRW material copyrighted under notice appearing earlier in this work.
reaction.
CHAPTER 21 TEST
81
Menu
Print
Name
Date
Class
CHAPTER 21 TEST continued
MATCHING Match the general formula with its functional group.
—
O
R — C — R
11.
—
O
a. alcohol
b. alkyl halide
R — C — O — R
c. ether
13.
R— O—R
d. aldehyde
14.
R—OH
e. ketone
15.
R — N — R
f. carboxylic acid
—
12.
R
g. ester
h. amine
16.
R—X
—
O
R — C — OH
17.
In the space provided, write the name of the compound represented by the structural
formulas shown.
— —
Cl
CH3 — C — CH2 — CH2 — CH3
CH3
18.
CH3 —CH2 —O—CH3
19.
—
O
CH3 — C — O — CH3
20.
— —
F
CH — CH3
Br
21.
82
CHAPTER 21 TEST
MODERN CHEMISTRY
HRW material copyrighted under notice appearing earlier in this work.
Print
Name
Date
Class
CHAPTER 21 TEST continued
CH3 —CH2 —O— CH2 — CH3
22.
O
—
Menu
CH3 — C — CH2 — CH2 — CH3
23.
Draw the structural formula for each of the following compounds.
24. 2-butanol
25. 1,1,1,2-tetrabromobutane
26. butyl methyl ether
27. propanal
28. methanoic acid
29. tripropylamine
MODERN CHEMISTRY
HRW material copyrighted under notice appearing earlier in this work.
CHAPTER 21 TEST
83
Menu
Print
Name
Date
Class
CHAPTER 21 TEST continued
Identify each of the following reactions as a substitution, addition, condensation, or
elimination.
O
—
—
O
CH3 — OH CH3 — C — OH → CH3 — C — O — CH3 H2O
30.
CH3 —CH2 —CH2 —CH3 Cl2 → Cl—CH2 — CH2 — CH2 — CH3 HCl
31.
CH2 — CH2 Cl2 → Cl—CH2 —CH2 —Cl
32.
SHORT ANSWER
Write the answers to the following questions in the space provided.
33. Explain why the boiling points of alcohols are higher than the boiling points of alkanes with similar
molecular masses.
34. Explain how CFC-12 (dichlorodifluoromethane) can deplete the ozone layer.
35. What is the difference between aldehydes and ketones?
36. Can an addition reaction occur between propane and chlorine? Why or why not?
84
CHAPTER 21 TEST
MODERN CHEMISTRY
HRW material copyrighted under notice appearing earlier in this work.
Carbon and Hydrocarbons,
pp. 77–80
1.
2.
3.
4.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
d
5. b
b
6. b
c
7. d
d
8. a
diamond
delocalized electrons
catenation
saturated
four
increases
octane rating
heptane
heat
isomers
hydrocarbons
sp
CnH2n
water, energy, carbon dioxide
trans
Graphite fibers are stronger and stiffer than steel
but are less dense. The strength of the bonds
within a layer makes graphite difficult to pull
apart in the direction parallel to the layers.
25. Fullerenes consist of nearly spherical cages of
carbon atoms. The structure resembles that of a
soccer ball.
26. Both a structural formula and a molecular formula
indicate the number and types of atoms present in
a molecule, but a structural formula also shows
the bonding arrangement of the atoms.
98
CHAPTER TESTS ANSWER KEY
31.
CH CH
— 2 3
— CH CH
2
3
—
HC— C — CH2— CH2— CH3
1,5-cyclooctadiene
2-butyne
2,4-hexadiene
1-ethyl,4-methylbenzene
3-ethyl,3-methylheptane
2, 2, 3, 3-tetramethylbutane
structural isomers
geometric isomers
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
21
Other Organic Compounds,
pp. 81–84
1.
2.
3.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
b
4. c
c
5. a
b
6. b
vulcanization
functional group
addition
substitution
e
g
c
a
h
b
f
2-chloro-2-methylpentane
ethyl methyl ether
methyl ethanoate
1-bromo-1-fluoroethane
diethyl ether
2-pentanone
OH
—
20
27. Groups attached to singly bonded carbon atoms
are not held to one side of the molecule because
single bonds allow free rotation within a
molecule.
28. As the number of carbon atoms in alkanes
increases, so do their boiling points. In a
distillation tower, the products with lower boiling
points condense at the top, where it is cooler. The
larger fractions with higher boiling points
condense and are removed near the bottom of the
tower.
29. CH3 —CH2 —CH3
30.
—
standard hydrogen electrode
decrease
reduction
reduction
oxidation
Ca 2; C 4; O 2
Fe 2; N 5; O 2
redox
nonredox
redox
2.23 V, will occur
1.27 V, will occur
2.28 V, will not occur
1.02 V, will occur
zinc
Cu2 2e → Cu
copper, zinc
zinc, copper
K2Cr2O7 14HCl →
2KCl 2CrCl3 7H2O 3Cl2
—
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
Print
—
Menu
CH3 — CH — CH2 — CH3
MODERN CHEMISTRY
HRW material copyrighted under notice appearing earlier in this work.
Br
Br
—
25.
—
Print
—
Br — C — CH — CH2 — CH3
—
Br
26. CH3—CH2 —CH2 —CH2—O—CH3
27.
O
CH3 — CH2 — CH
28.
O
—
H — C — OH
29. CH3 — CH2 — CH2 — N — CH2 — CH2 — CH3
—
Menu
CH2 — CH2 — CH3
30.
31.
32.
33.
condensation
substitution
addition
Hydrogen bonding causes the intermolecular
forces to be stronger in alcohols than in alkanes.
The molecules do not separate as readily as do
alkanes, so more heat energy is required to cause
them to boil.
34. Sunlight breaks down CFC-12 and releases free
chlorine atoms. The released chlorine reacts with
ozone to form ClO and O2. The ClO combines
with atomic oxygen to produce more chlorine
atoms. These then react with more ozone
molecules. Ozone molecules are consumed in
these reactions.
35. In aldehydes, the carbonyl group is attached to a
carbon atom at the end of a carbon-atom chain. In
ketones, the carbonyl group is attached to carbon
atoms within the chain.
36. No, because addition reactions can occur only
with unsaturated molecules. Propane is a saturated
hydrocarbon.
22
1.
2.
3.
4.
8.
9.
Nuclear Chemistry,
d
c
b
a
half-life
fusion
pp. 85–88
5. b
6. d
7. c
MODERN CHEMISTRY
HRW material copyrighted under notice appearing earlier in this work.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
transmutation
radioactive decay
transuranium elements
gamma rays
roentgen
rems
c
d
b
a
beta decay
electron capture
alpha decay
positron emission
4
2He
1
0e
0
1 2
1H
Artificial radioactive isotopes are isotopes not
found naturally on Earth. They are made by
artificial transmutation, which involves
bombarding stable nuclei with charged and
uncharged particles.
A sheet of paper can block alpha particles because
they are so heavy. Lead or glass must be used to
shield against beta particles. Gamma rays can
penetrate most materials; lead and concrete must
be used to block them.
In fission, a very heavy nucleus splits into more
stable nuclei of lower mass. A nuclear reactor is a
device that uses controlled-fission chain reactions
to produce energy or radioactive nuclides.
In fusion, nuclei of low mass combine to form a
heavier, more-stable nucleus. This uncontrolled
reaction, started by heat and pressure produced by
a fission reaction, releases enormous quantities of
energy when an H-bomb explodes.
In a chain reaction, the element that starts the
reaction is reproduced later and can start the
process again.
Shielding, control rods, moderator, fuel, coolant
4.3542 1011 J
0.137 001 amu
1.3670 1012 J/nucleon
0.98 g
19.12 days
CHAPTER TESTS ANSWER KEY
99