Carbocation Stability
... electrons in this s bond can be shared by positively charged carbon because the sp3 orbital can overlap with the empty 2p orbital of positively charged carbon ...
... electrons in this s bond can be shared by positively charged carbon because the sp3 orbital can overlap with the empty 2p orbital of positively charged carbon ...
Global Challenges - Part 2
... Learners are generally able to explain the process of fractional distillation but they often lack clarity in their answer. For example, when asked to describe the process of fractional distillation, learners often miss out that the oil when heated, vaporises, and then condenses when it cools down fu ...
... Learners are generally able to explain the process of fractional distillation but they often lack clarity in their answer. For example, when asked to describe the process of fractional distillation, learners often miss out that the oil when heated, vaporises, and then condenses when it cools down fu ...
L 26 Hydrocarbons
... Amongst these three isomeric compounds, neopentane will have the weakest intermolecular forces of attraction due to the smallest surface area of its molecules. Density: The density of alkanes increases with the increase in molecular mass which increases with the increase in the number of carbon atom ...
... Amongst these three isomeric compounds, neopentane will have the weakest intermolecular forces of attraction due to the smallest surface area of its molecules. Density: The density of alkanes increases with the increase in molecular mass which increases with the increase in the number of carbon atom ...
Chapter 14 - faculty at Chemeketa
... CH3COOH CH3CH2COOH CH3(CH2)2COOH CH3(CH2)3COOH CH3(CH2)4COOH CH3(CH2)5COOH CH3(CH2)6COOH ...
... CH3COOH CH3CH2COOH CH3(CH2)2COOH CH3(CH2)3COOH CH3(CH2)4COOH CH3(CH2)5COOH CH3(CH2)6COOH ...
Chapter 17 - Academic Brooklyn Cuny
... – When common names are used, the letters detc. are often used to locate substituents. ...
... – When common names are used, the letters detc. are often used to locate substituents. ...
12 - Wiley
... CO 2 H 1,4-Benzenedicarboxylic acid 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid (Terephthalic acid) (Phthalic acid) ...
... CO 2 H 1,4-Benzenedicarboxylic acid 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid (Terephthalic acid) (Phthalic acid) ...
The Rules for Boiling Points • The boiling points of compounds
... • Reduction is the reverse of the oxidation reaction. Reduction of a carbonyl group is the addition of hydrogens across the double bond to produce an –OH group. • Aldehydes are reduced to primary alcohols, and ketones are reduced to secondary alcohols. • Reduction of the carbonyl group occurs by for ...
... • Reduction is the reverse of the oxidation reaction. Reduction of a carbonyl group is the addition of hydrogens across the double bond to produce an –OH group. • Aldehydes are reduced to primary alcohols, and ketones are reduced to secondary alcohols. • Reduction of the carbonyl group occurs by for ...
4. Amines Amides and Amino Acids
... substituted onto the N atom in place of H atoms. Therefore more electron density is pushed onto the N atom (as the inductive effect of alkyl groups is greater than that of H atoms). One might expect using the same trend that tertiary amine would be the strongest amine base but the trend does not hol ...
... substituted onto the N atom in place of H atoms. Therefore more electron density is pushed onto the N atom (as the inductive effect of alkyl groups is greater than that of H atoms). One might expect using the same trend that tertiary amine would be the strongest amine base but the trend does not hol ...
A convenient method for the preparation of oxazaborolidine catalyst
... the tetraethylammonium borohydride (TEAB 1)/CH3I combination under the influence of (S)-a,a-diphenylpyrrolidinemethanol 3 (20 mol %) in DCM at 0 C. In this case, the desired alcohol was obtained in quantitative yields with 63% ee (Table 1, entry 1). Surprisingly, at 25 C, the ketone remained unreac ...
... the tetraethylammonium borohydride (TEAB 1)/CH3I combination under the influence of (S)-a,a-diphenylpyrrolidinemethanol 3 (20 mol %) in DCM at 0 C. In this case, the desired alcohol was obtained in quantitative yields with 63% ee (Table 1, entry 1). Surprisingly, at 25 C, the ketone remained unreac ...
Drawing Organic Structures Functional Groups Constitutional Isomers
... • X eliminated from one carbon • H eliminated from adjacent carbon • Compete with substitution reactions ...
... • X eliminated from one carbon • H eliminated from adjacent carbon • Compete with substitution reactions ...
Hydrocarbons and Fuels
... bromine reacts with the oil. Continue adding bromine water to produce a permanent yellow colour. 4. Read the burette. Subtract to find the volume of bromine water needed in the titration. 5. Repeat the experiment with: five drops of cooking oil (vegetable) and five drops of cooking oil (animal). ...
... bromine reacts with the oil. Continue adding bromine water to produce a permanent yellow colour. 4. Read the burette. Subtract to find the volume of bromine water needed in the titration. 5. Repeat the experiment with: five drops of cooking oil (vegetable) and five drops of cooking oil (animal). ...
Ester-containing polyols having halogen and phosphorus atoms
... ?ve or less, preferably one or less. The hydroxyl number polyurethane prepolymers such as a hydroxy-terminated of the ester-containing polyol will vary considerably. Gen ...
... ?ve or less, preferably one or less. The hydroxyl number polyurethane prepolymers such as a hydroxy-terminated of the ester-containing polyol will vary considerably. Gen ...
17: Oxidation and Reduction
... We can prevent this by using modified Cr(VI) reagents that we describe later in this section. We can also distill the intermediate aldehyde from the reaction mixture as it forms before it is oxidized further. This is often possible because boiling points of aldehydes are usually much lower than thos ...
... We can prevent this by using modified Cr(VI) reagents that we describe later in this section. We can also distill the intermediate aldehyde from the reaction mixture as it forms before it is oxidized further. This is often possible because boiling points of aldehydes are usually much lower than thos ...
Chapter 24. Amines
... The hydrogens that can be eliminated are covalently attached to the carbon bound to the Nitrogen. In this case, there are 2 such places where a hydrogen could be eliminated to give the ...
... The hydrogens that can be eliminated are covalently attached to the carbon bound to the Nitrogen. In this case, there are 2 such places where a hydrogen could be eliminated to give the ...
CHEM 494 Lecture 10b - UIC Department of Chemistry
... Nitrogen atoms are positively charged when bonded to four substituents: when all of these substituents are carbon, the molecule is referred to as a quaternary ammonium ion. ...
... Nitrogen atoms are positively charged when bonded to four substituents: when all of these substituents are carbon, the molecule is referred to as a quaternary ammonium ion. ...
Carbonyl Chemistry (12 Lectures) Aldehydes and Ketones
... – Carbonyl groups in aldehydes and ketones undergo addition reactions. – This is one of the most important reactions of the carbonyl group. ...
... – Carbonyl groups in aldehydes and ketones undergo addition reactions. – This is one of the most important reactions of the carbonyl group. ...
Ethers, Epoxides and Sulfides
... ¾ Use mercuric acetate with an alcohol to add RO-H to a double bond and form the Markovnikov product. ...
... ¾ Use mercuric acetate with an alcohol to add RO-H to a double bond and form the Markovnikov product. ...
Alcohol
In chemistry, an alcohol is any organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group (–OH) is bound to a saturated carbon atom. The term alcohol originally referred to the primary alcohol ethyl alcohol (ethanol), the predominant alcohol in alcoholic beverages.The suffix -ol appears in the IUPAC chemical name of all substances where the hydroxyl group is the functional group with the highest priority; in substances where a higher priority group is present the prefix hydroxy- will appear in the IUPAC name. The suffix -ol in non-systematic names (such as paracetamol or cholesterol) also typically indicates that the substance includes a hydroxyl functional group and, so, can be termed an alcohol. But many substances, particularly sugars (examples glucose and sucrose) contain hydroxyl functional groups without using the suffix. An important class of alcohols, of which methanol and ethanol are the simplest members is the saturated straight chain alcohols, the general formula for which is CnH2n+1OH.