bonding
... 5.14: Dehydrohalogenation of Alkyl Halides - loss of H and X from adjacent carbons of an alkyl halide to form an alkene. Elimination of alkyl halides is affected by base, often the conjugate bases of alcohols (alkoxides), by an E2 mechanism The reaction follows Zaitsev's rule in that the most stabl ...
... 5.14: Dehydrohalogenation of Alkyl Halides - loss of H and X from adjacent carbons of an alkyl halide to form an alkene. Elimination of alkyl halides is affected by base, often the conjugate bases of alcohols (alkoxides), by an E2 mechanism The reaction follows Zaitsev's rule in that the most stabl ...
Unit 13: Organic Chemistry
... International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) Naming System The steps in the IUPAC naming system are as follow: 1. The number of carbons in the longest continuous unbroken chain is used to determine the prefix of the parent molecule name. The longest continuous chain may look like it b ...
... International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) Naming System The steps in the IUPAC naming system are as follow: 1. The number of carbons in the longest continuous unbroken chain is used to determine the prefix of the parent molecule name. The longest continuous chain may look like it b ...
Conjugate addition_Clayden
... Conjugate addition of alcohols can be catalysed by acid or base Alcohols undergo conjugate addition only very slowly in the absence of a catalyst: they are not such good nucleophiles as amines for the very reason we have just mentioned in connection with the reactivity of hydroxylamine—oxygen is mor ...
... Conjugate addition of alcohols can be catalysed by acid or base Alcohols undergo conjugate addition only very slowly in the absence of a catalyst: they are not such good nucleophiles as amines for the very reason we have just mentioned in connection with the reactivity of hydroxylamine—oxygen is mor ...
Unit 4 Chemical Kinetics and Chemical Equilibrium
... greater number of hydrogen atoms. “The rich get richer” ...
... greater number of hydrogen atoms. “The rich get richer” ...
Amines
... none bonding electrons at nitrogen atom to form bond with an acid. • The more easier the lone pair electrons formed bond with the acid, will make the amines a stronger base. • Factors that effect the basicity of the amines: i) substitution by alkyl groups - the presence of alkyl groups (electron-don ...
... none bonding electrons at nitrogen atom to form bond with an acid. • The more easier the lone pair electrons formed bond with the acid, will make the amines a stronger base. • Factors that effect the basicity of the amines: i) substitution by alkyl groups - the presence of alkyl groups (electron-don ...
chapter 5: nomenclature
... Ketones are very similar to aldehydes except they have no hydrogen attached to the carbon which is attached to the oxygen. O C ...
... Ketones are very similar to aldehydes except they have no hydrogen attached to the carbon which is attached to the oxygen. O C ...
Caboxylic acid Derivatives
... Hydrolysis of Esters The acid catalyzed hydrolysis of an ester is simply the reverse reaction of the Fischer esterification. Addition of excess water drives the equilibrium towards the side of the acid and alcohol. The basic hydrolysis of esters is also known as saponification, and this does not in ...
... Hydrolysis of Esters The acid catalyzed hydrolysis of an ester is simply the reverse reaction of the Fischer esterification. Addition of excess water drives the equilibrium towards the side of the acid and alcohol. The basic hydrolysis of esters is also known as saponification, and this does not in ...
PROFESSOR SIR DEREK H. R. BARTON AND HETEROCYCLES
... is the easy preparation of 5-fiuorouracil, a well-known anticancer drug, by fluorination of uracil with CFsOF, though awkward elemental fluorine was also found to be applicable to the same reaction. ...
... is the easy preparation of 5-fiuorouracil, a well-known anticancer drug, by fluorination of uracil with CFsOF, though awkward elemental fluorine was also found to be applicable to the same reaction. ...
Chapter 22 and 23 Study Guide
... You should review homework, quizzes and other assignments for complete test preparation. These questions are only examples. Different chemicals will be on the test. ...
... You should review homework, quizzes and other assignments for complete test preparation. These questions are only examples. Different chemicals will be on the test. ...
synthesis, chemistry and optical resol
... hexamethylphosphorous triamide1° to give the trans adduct 11 in 72% yield after purification (Scheme I). A minor amount of the corresponding 5,9& product was also obtained (-4% yield). Reduction of the trans product 11 with L-Selectride in T H F at -78 “ C produced an -2.7:l mixture of the C-7 a- an ...
... hexamethylphosphorous triamide1° to give the trans adduct 11 in 72% yield after purification (Scheme I). A minor amount of the corresponding 5,9& product was also obtained (-4% yield). Reduction of the trans product 11 with L-Selectride in T H F at -78 “ C produced an -2.7:l mixture of the C-7 a- an ...
SMK RAJA PEREMPUAN, IPOH
... groups such as –CH3, –R, (alkyl or aryl) are electron donors 20. explain how the concept of induction can account for the differences in acidity between CH3COOH, CICH2COOH , Cl2CHCOOH and CI3CCOOH ; between CH2CH2CH2COOH and CH3CH2CHCICOOH 21. use the concept of delocalisation of electrons to explai ...
... groups such as –CH3, –R, (alkyl or aryl) are electron donors 20. explain how the concept of induction can account for the differences in acidity between CH3COOH, CICH2COOH , Cl2CHCOOH and CI3CCOOH ; between CH2CH2CH2COOH and CH3CH2CHCICOOH 21. use the concept of delocalisation of electrons to explai ...
JOURNAL OF FLOW CHEMISTRY (ISSN: 2062
... Ring opening of epoxides with indole derivatives under neutral or basic conditions follows an SN2 mechanism and provide trans-1,2-disubstituted products.9 These reactions usually require a strong base or acid,10 high temperature11 or high pressure.12 Recently, epoxy ring opening under microwave cond ...
... Ring opening of epoxides with indole derivatives under neutral or basic conditions follows an SN2 mechanism and provide trans-1,2-disubstituted products.9 These reactions usually require a strong base or acid,10 high temperature11 or high pressure.12 Recently, epoxy ring opening under microwave cond ...
Unit-7-Carboxylic-Acids-Phenols-Amines
... which play important roles in biochemistry. These include the carboxylic acids, phenols, amines and amides. We also look at a new type of stereoisomer that figures predominantly in biological chemistry; the optical isomer. ...
... which play important roles in biochemistry. These include the carboxylic acids, phenols, amines and amides. We also look at a new type of stereoisomer that figures predominantly in biological chemistry; the optical isomer. ...
Document
... Alkenes Physical Properties • physical properties are similar to alkanes of comparable molecular weight. • Alkenes have low melting points and boiling points. • Melting and boiling points increase as the number of carbons increases because of increased surface area. • Alkenes are soluble in organic ...
... Alkenes Physical Properties • physical properties are similar to alkanes of comparable molecular weight. • Alkenes have low melting points and boiling points. • Melting and boiling points increase as the number of carbons increases because of increased surface area. • Alkenes are soluble in organic ...
Amines: The Basic Group
... RNH2, R2NH, R3N (R is aliphatic or aromatic) Amines, like alcohols, can be put into classes. Class depends on the number of carbons directly bonded to the nitrogen atom: a primary amine has one bond, a secondary two, etc. ...
... RNH2, R2NH, R3N (R is aliphatic or aromatic) Amines, like alcohols, can be put into classes. Class depends on the number of carbons directly bonded to the nitrogen atom: a primary amine has one bond, a secondary two, etc. ...
Functional Groups - Manasquan Public Schools
... CH3—C—O—CH2—CH2—CH3 STEP 1 Write the name of the carbon chain from the alcohol as an alkyl group. The alkyl group with three carbon atoms is propyl. ...
... CH3—C—O—CH2—CH2—CH3 STEP 1 Write the name of the carbon chain from the alcohol as an alkyl group. The alkyl group with three carbon atoms is propyl. ...
Unit-7-Carboxylic-Acids-Phenols
... which play important roles in biochemistry. These include the carboxylic acids, phenols, amines and amides. We also look at a new type of stereoisomer that figures predominantly in biological chemistry; the optical isomer. ...
... which play important roles in biochemistry. These include the carboxylic acids, phenols, amines and amides. We also look at a new type of stereoisomer that figures predominantly in biological chemistry; the optical isomer. ...
Unit-7-Carboxylic-Acids-Phenols
... which play important roles in biochemistry. These include the carboxylic acids, phenols, amines and amides. We also look at a new type of stereoisomer that figures predominantly in biological chemistry; the optical isomer. ...
... which play important roles in biochemistry. These include the carboxylic acids, phenols, amines and amides. We also look at a new type of stereoisomer that figures predominantly in biological chemistry; the optical isomer. ...
Alcohol
In chemistry, an alcohol is any organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group (–OH) is bound to a saturated carbon atom. The term alcohol originally referred to the primary alcohol ethyl alcohol (ethanol), the predominant alcohol in alcoholic beverages.The suffix -ol appears in the IUPAC chemical name of all substances where the hydroxyl group is the functional group with the highest priority; in substances where a higher priority group is present the prefix hydroxy- will appear in the IUPAC name. The suffix -ol in non-systematic names (such as paracetamol or cholesterol) also typically indicates that the substance includes a hydroxyl functional group and, so, can be termed an alcohol. But many substances, particularly sugars (examples glucose and sucrose) contain hydroxyl functional groups without using the suffix. An important class of alcohols, of which methanol and ethanol are the simplest members is the saturated straight chain alcohols, the general formula for which is CnH2n+1OH.