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Unit 2
Unit 2

... that is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ by an industrial process called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. To start with, liquid crude oil is fed into a _ _ _ _ _ _ where it is vaporized. The _ _ _ mixture of gases then passes into a fractionating _ _ _ _ _ _ and begins its journey upwards from the hott ...
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... When an aldehyde is considered as a group, it is called carbaldehyde group. When a ketone cannot be named as an -one, it is named as an oxo- group. ...
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... groups are not called alcohols, but are instead called carboxylic acids.) Alcohols are one of the most widely found functional groups in nature. We name alcohols by adding the suffix -ol to the end of the name of the parent alkane, using a numerical prefix if the position of the OH group on the chai ...
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... Monohalogen derivatives of alkanes (haloalkanes) can be prepared by the following methods: i. From halogenation of alkanes: a. Direct halogenation of alkanes in the presence of UV light, heat or suitable catalyst gives the corresponding alkyl halides. b. The displacement of H-atom from hydrocarbon d ...
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... Recall that electron donors (Nu: -’s) add to the electrophilic carbonyl C in aldehydes and ketones. The C=O p bond breaks and the pair of electrons are stabilized on the electronegative O atom. R (alkyl groups) and hydrogens (H) bonded to the C=O carbon remain in place. R- and H- are too reactive (p ...
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... open chain) hydrocarbons which contain less hydrogen per carbon atom than alkanes. Hence, alkenes and alkynes are called unsaturated hydrocarbons. ƒ Alkenes have a general formula CnH2n ...
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Alcohol



In chemistry, an alcohol is any organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group (–OH) is bound to a saturated carbon atom. The term alcohol originally referred to the primary alcohol ethyl alcohol (ethanol), the predominant alcohol in alcoholic beverages.The suffix -ol appears in the IUPAC chemical name of all substances where the hydroxyl group is the functional group with the highest priority; in substances where a higher priority group is present the prefix hydroxy- will appear in the IUPAC name. The suffix -ol in non-systematic names (such as paracetamol or cholesterol) also typically indicates that the substance includes a hydroxyl functional group and, so, can be termed an alcohol. But many substances, particularly sugars (examples glucose and sucrose) contain hydroxyl functional groups without using the suffix. An important class of alcohols, of which methanol and ethanol are the simplest members is the saturated straight chain alcohols, the general formula for which is CnH2n+1OH.
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