Chapter 3
... 4. A neuron that is not receiving any input is said to be at its a. resting potential. b. absolute refractory period. c. action potential. d. resolution mode. ...
... 4. A neuron that is not receiving any input is said to be at its a. resting potential. b. absolute refractory period. c. action potential. d. resolution mode. ...
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... different fields (Fig. 1). Two or three cochleotopically organized primary or primary-like auditory areas (AI, R, RT) with independent parallel inputs from the ventral division of the medial geniculate complex (MGv) comprise the core region at a first level of processing. The core fields are surroun ...
... different fields (Fig. 1). Two or three cochleotopically organized primary or primary-like auditory areas (AI, R, RT) with independent parallel inputs from the ventral division of the medial geniculate complex (MGv) comprise the core region at a first level of processing. The core fields are surroun ...
Impact of prefrontal cortex in nicotine
... (nAChRs) in the PFC to enhance working memory and attention and Bunney, 1983; Ungless et al., 2004), we do acknowledge that there are (Levin, 1992; Granon et al., 1995; Levin et al., 2006; Counotte et al., the technical limitations in the determination of the identities of our 2011; Guillem et al., ...
... (nAChRs) in the PFC to enhance working memory and attention and Bunney, 1983; Ungless et al., 2004), we do acknowledge that there are (Levin, 1992; Granon et al., 1995; Levin et al., 2006; Counotte et al., the technical limitations in the determination of the identities of our 2011; Guillem et al., ...
Representation of Sounds in Auditory Cortex of Awake
... C.1 Headpost schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 C.2 Headpost holder schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 C.3 Recording well schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 C.4 ...
... C.1 Headpost schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 C.2 Headpost holder schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 C.3 Recording well schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 C.4 ...
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Mediates Activity
... Pharmacological treatments. In some slices, one or more of the following were added to the culture medium: 200 ng/ml recombinant human BDNF (Alomone Labs, Jerusalem, Israel), 250 ng/ml recombinant human neurotrophin (NT)4/5 (courtesy of Genentech, South San Francisco, CA), 50 g/ml rabbit anti-BDNF ...
... Pharmacological treatments. In some slices, one or more of the following were added to the culture medium: 200 ng/ml recombinant human BDNF (Alomone Labs, Jerusalem, Israel), 250 ng/ml recombinant human neurotrophin (NT)4/5 (courtesy of Genentech, South San Francisco, CA), 50 g/ml rabbit anti-BDNF ...
hippocampo–cerebellar theta band phase synchrony in rabbits
... (PS) between two signals was calculated as described by Palva et al. (2005). First, the LFP signals were band-pass filtered (delta ⬃2 Hz, theta ⬃6 Hz, alpha ⬃12 Hz, beta ⬃20 Hz, and gamma ⬃60 Hz). Next, the filtered signals were transformed into a complex form using the Hilbert transform. Following ...
... (PS) between two signals was calculated as described by Palva et al. (2005). First, the LFP signals were band-pass filtered (delta ⬃2 Hz, theta ⬃6 Hz, alpha ⬃12 Hz, beta ⬃20 Hz, and gamma ⬃60 Hz). Next, the filtered signals were transformed into a complex form using the Hilbert transform. Following ...
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
... Perception and analysis of signals from the sensory organs receptors and causes a certain reaction of the organism is the common property of all members of the kingdom Animalia. However, a person in the course of employment and social development appeared to have developed and perfected an additiona ...
... Perception and analysis of signals from the sensory organs receptors and causes a certain reaction of the organism is the common property of all members of the kingdom Animalia. However, a person in the course of employment and social development appeared to have developed and perfected an additiona ...
Prefrontal Projections to the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus
... Stereological analysis The architecture of thalamic nuclei, the cortex, and other brain areas was determined in Nissl and AChE-stained sections. The nomenclature of the thalamus is according to the map of Jones (1985), as modified from the map of Olszewski (1952), and for the prefrontal cortex is ac ...
... Stereological analysis The architecture of thalamic nuclei, the cortex, and other brain areas was determined in Nissl and AChE-stained sections. The nomenclature of the thalamus is according to the map of Jones (1985), as modified from the map of Olszewski (1952), and for the prefrontal cortex is ac ...
AP Psychology Syllabus
... functions, and identify some of the leading psychologists who worked in these areas. 4. Describe the evolution of psychology from the 1920s through today. 5. Summarize the nature-nurture debate in psychology, and describe the principle of natural selection. 6. Identify the three main levels of analy ...
... functions, and identify some of the leading psychologists who worked in these areas. 4. Describe the evolution of psychology from the 1920s through today. 5. Summarize the nature-nurture debate in psychology, and describe the principle of natural selection. 6. Identify the three main levels of analy ...
Neuronal Activation in the Medulla Oblongata During Selective
... these studies, abdominal, oropharyngeal, and esophageal muscles were active during cough or swallow. Although both of these studies found neuronal activation in some common brain stem regions, certain regions showed neuronal activity during swallowing but not during coughing and vice versa. For exam ...
... these studies, abdominal, oropharyngeal, and esophageal muscles were active during cough or swallow. Although both of these studies found neuronal activation in some common brain stem regions, certain regions showed neuronal activity during swallowing but not during coughing and vice versa. For exam ...
Cell-Type Specific Channelopathies in the Prefrontal Cortex of the
... slow and fast inactivating currents could be separated. The accuracy of this procedure was confirmed using a small set of experiments where the slowly inactivating component was measured directly. Linear leakage and capacitive currents were digitally subtracted by scaling traces at smaller command v ...
... slow and fast inactivating currents could be separated. The accuracy of this procedure was confirmed using a small set of experiments where the slowly inactivating component was measured directly. Linear leakage and capacitive currents were digitally subtracted by scaling traces at smaller command v ...
Autism: A Review of Biological Bases, Assessment, and
... ASDs appears to vary with age, cognitive ability, and the extent of neurological impairment. Age of seizure appearance is bimodal, with a peak in early childhood and another in adolescence (Volkmar & Nelson, 1990). There is an inverse relationship between level of cognitive functioning and the prese ...
... ASDs appears to vary with age, cognitive ability, and the extent of neurological impairment. Age of seizure appearance is bimodal, with a peak in early childhood and another in adolescence (Volkmar & Nelson, 1990). There is an inverse relationship between level of cognitive functioning and the prese ...
Rules Ventral Prefrontal Cortical Axons Use to Reach Their Targets
... site split into three groups, a medial, dorsal, and lateral group. Each of these groups of fibers contains subsets of axons that travel in different WM tracts, the specifics of which depend on the location of the injection site (Figs. 1, 2a, 3a). Axons from all vPFC areas travel in the UF, corpus ca ...
... site split into three groups, a medial, dorsal, and lateral group. Each of these groups of fibers contains subsets of axons that travel in different WM tracts, the specifics of which depend on the location of the injection site (Figs. 1, 2a, 3a). Axons from all vPFC areas travel in the UF, corpus ca ...
The neural encoding of self-generated and externally applied
... for the directional tuning of head direction cells in the limbic system as well as neurons in areas of multimodal association cortex. However, recent investigations in monkeys and mice challenge ...
... for the directional tuning of head direction cells in the limbic system as well as neurons in areas of multimodal association cortex. However, recent investigations in monkeys and mice challenge ...
SWGDOG SC1abcdefghijk – TERMINOLOGY
... vapor. This threshold varies from dog to dog and is affected by climate and the internal and external environment. Scientific usage: AT is determined by a statistical average based on the point where a specific compound can be detected 50% of the time. Operational usage: A period of time used for th ...
... vapor. This threshold varies from dog to dog and is affected by climate and the internal and external environment. Scientific usage: AT is determined by a statistical average based on the point where a specific compound can be detected 50% of the time. Operational usage: A period of time used for th ...
Differential regulation of the central neural cardiorespiratory system
... cardiorespiratory system. At the most simplistic level, central cardiovascular control is concerned with the maintenance of ‘tone’ in the cardiovascular system and the elaboration of reflex responses to sudden changes in blood pressure, oxygen, pH or other inputs such as regional requirements for in ...
... cardiorespiratory system. At the most simplistic level, central cardiovascular control is concerned with the maintenance of ‘tone’ in the cardiovascular system and the elaboration of reflex responses to sudden changes in blood pressure, oxygen, pH or other inputs such as regional requirements for in ...
Curriculum Vitae - Laureate Institute for Brain Research
... I am a Professor in Residence in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of California San Diego (UCSD) and the Director of Telemental Health at the Veterans Affairs San Diego Health Care System (VASDHS). My research focuses on the interface between interoception, i.e. the processing of senso ...
... I am a Professor in Residence in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of California San Diego (UCSD) and the Director of Telemental Health at the Veterans Affairs San Diego Health Care System (VASDHS). My research focuses on the interface between interoception, i.e. the processing of senso ...
Stimulation Within the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Can Evoke
... Stimulation within the rostral ventrolateral medulla can evoke monosynaptic GABAergic IPSPs in sympathetic preganglionic neurons in vitro. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 229–235, 1997. The inhibitory responses of identified sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) to stimulation within the rostral ventrolater ...
... Stimulation within the rostral ventrolateral medulla can evoke monosynaptic GABAergic IPSPs in sympathetic preganglionic neurons in vitro. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 229–235, 1997. The inhibitory responses of identified sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) to stimulation within the rostral ventrolater ...
Effects on the central and peripheral nervous activity in rats elicited
... negatively affected by Hg2+ (Castoldi et al., 1996). Previous studies by our group evaluated the effects of Hg2+ on cortical activity. In these studies rats, receiving subchronic oral HgCl2 treatment at 0.4 and 1.6 mg kg−1, showed alterations in spontaneous (Dési et al., 1996) and stimulus evoked (S ...
... negatively affected by Hg2+ (Castoldi et al., 1996). Previous studies by our group evaluated the effects of Hg2+ on cortical activity. In these studies rats, receiving subchronic oral HgCl2 treatment at 0.4 and 1.6 mg kg−1, showed alterations in spontaneous (Dési et al., 1996) and stimulus evoked (S ...
The thalamus as a putative biomarker in neurodegenerative disorders
... defining the boundaries of the thalamus are as follows: the third ventricle serves as the medial boundary, and the internal capsule separates the thalamus from the basal ganglia laterally; superiorly the thalamus is bound by the lateral ventricle, and inferiorly a number of distinctive structures a ...
... defining the boundaries of the thalamus are as follows: the third ventricle serves as the medial boundary, and the internal capsule separates the thalamus from the basal ganglia laterally; superiorly the thalamus is bound by the lateral ventricle, and inferiorly a number of distinctive structures a ...
Changing Fear: The Neurocircuitry of Emotion Regulation
... *Correspondence: Dr E Phelps, Departments of Psychology and Neural Science, New York University, NYU Medical Center, 6 Wash Pl, 863, New York, NY 10003, USA, Tel: + 1 212 998 8337, Fax: + 1 212 995 ...
... *Correspondence: Dr E Phelps, Departments of Psychology and Neural Science, New York University, NYU Medical Center, 6 Wash Pl, 863, New York, NY 10003, USA, Tel: + 1 212 998 8337, Fax: + 1 212 995 ...
Hypothalamus
... centres’ in different portions of the hypothalamus that were thought to regulate opposite components of the sleep– wake cycle. These studies were based upon the loss of function that resulted from lesions of different portions of the hypothalamus in animals, and suggested that the rostral hypothalamus ...
... centres’ in different portions of the hypothalamus that were thought to regulate opposite components of the sleep– wake cycle. These studies were based upon the loss of function that resulted from lesions of different portions of the hypothalamus in animals, and suggested that the rostral hypothalamus ...
The amygdala - University of Puget Sound
... of the cortex — rather than amygdala regions related to the cortex — while the central and medial amygdala are said to be ventral extensions of the striatum. This scheme has merit, but in this Primer I shall focus on the organization and function of the nuclei and subnuclei that are traditionally sa ...
... of the cortex — rather than amygdala regions related to the cortex — while the central and medial amygdala are said to be ventral extensions of the striatum. This scheme has merit, but in this Primer I shall focus on the organization and function of the nuclei and subnuclei that are traditionally sa ...
Artificial Neural Network in Drug Delivery and Pharmaceutical
... sources, processes them, and makes decisions. Interestingly, ANN simulates the biological nervous system and draws on analogues of adaptive biological neurons. ANNs do not require rigidly structured experimental designs and can map functions using historical or incomplete data, which makes them a po ...
... sources, processes them, and makes decisions. Interestingly, ANN simulates the biological nervous system and draws on analogues of adaptive biological neurons. ANNs do not require rigidly structured experimental designs and can map functions using historical or incomplete data, which makes them a po ...