neuropathology of dopamine systems in schizophrenia
... population. The substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA), which extends from diencephalic to mesencephalic territories, provides the largest dopaminergic input to the brain. The SN/VTA contains subpopulations of dopaminergic neurons that project preferentially through different pathways, pro ...
... population. The substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA), which extends from diencephalic to mesencephalic territories, provides the largest dopaminergic input to the brain. The SN/VTA contains subpopulations of dopaminergic neurons that project preferentially through different pathways, pro ...
Short title: Thalamocortical computations during tactile sensation
... is that that the first letter corresponds to the post-synaptic neuron and the second letter to the ...
... is that that the first letter corresponds to the post-synaptic neuron and the second letter to the ...
mechanism of action of atypical antipsychotic drugs
... The affinities of clozapine and some of its congeners for monoamine receptors are given elsewhere in this volume (see Chapter 56) (22). The affinities reported therein are for the D1, D2, D3, D4, 5-HT1A, 5-HT1D, 5-HT2A, 5HT2C, 5-HT6, 5-HT7, ␣1, ␣2, H1, and muscarinic M1 receptors. Of these, the grea ...
... The affinities of clozapine and some of its congeners for monoamine receptors are given elsewhere in this volume (see Chapter 56) (22). The affinities reported therein are for the D1, D2, D3, D4, 5-HT1A, 5-HT1D, 5-HT2A, 5HT2C, 5-HT6, 5-HT7, ␣1, ␣2, H1, and muscarinic M1 receptors. Of these, the grea ...
Effective connectivity of the subthalamic nucleus
... ganglia may play a key role in the pathophysiology of PD (Smith et al. 2009). Our full model architecture, which has all connections that are considered in this study, is shown in Fig. 2. This architecture captures all the major intrinsic/extrinsic glutamatergic and GABAergic connections of the STN– ...
... ganglia may play a key role in the pathophysiology of PD (Smith et al. 2009). Our full model architecture, which has all connections that are considered in this study, is shown in Fig. 2. This architecture captures all the major intrinsic/extrinsic glutamatergic and GABAergic connections of the STN– ...
Auditory cortical processing: Binaural interaction in healthy
... Two functioning ears provide clear advantages over monaural listening. We are able to locate sound sources in a variety of auditory spaces accurately (≈1 deg) and rapidly, and redirect our attention towards the sound sources. In addition, our speech understanding in noisy and reverberant environment ...
... Two functioning ears provide clear advantages over monaural listening. We are able to locate sound sources in a variety of auditory spaces accurately (≈1 deg) and rapidly, and redirect our attention towards the sound sources. In addition, our speech understanding in noisy and reverberant environment ...
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... Learning Objective 2.2 – How are messages transmitted through the nervous system? 21. When a cell is “at rest,” it is in a state called the __________. a) stopping point b) obcipitation junction Incorrect. This is a fictitious word. c) resting potential Correct. A cell at rest is in a state called t ...
... Learning Objective 2.2 – How are messages transmitted through the nervous system? 21. When a cell is “at rest,” it is in a state called the __________. a) stopping point b) obcipitation junction Incorrect. This is a fictitious word. c) resting potential Correct. A cell at rest is in a state called t ...
A COMPARISON OF TWO PAIRING PROCEDURES
... contingent on a new response to determine whether that stimulus increases responding. For example, Skinner (1938) described a study in which an audible clicking sound immediately preceded the delivery of food to food-deprived rats on a time-based schedule. In a second phase, a lever was introduced i ...
... contingent on a new response to determine whether that stimulus increases responding. For example, Skinner (1938) described a study in which an audible clicking sound immediately preceded the delivery of food to food-deprived rats on a time-based schedule. In a second phase, a lever was introduced i ...
- Wiley Online Library
... contingent on a new response to determine whether that stimulus increases responding. For example, Skinner (1938) described a study in which an audible clicking sound immediately preceded the delivery of food to food-deprived rats on a time-based schedule. In a second phase, a lever was introduced i ...
... contingent on a new response to determine whether that stimulus increases responding. For example, Skinner (1938) described a study in which an audible clicking sound immediately preceded the delivery of food to food-deprived rats on a time-based schedule. In a second phase, a lever was introduced i ...
The Perirhinal, Entorhinal, and Parahippocampal Cortices and
... human memory functioning, which posited that the MTL subregions represent a single memory system in which each area is critical for forming declarative memories but do not participate in other cognitive functions (Zola-Morgan et al. 1986; Squire and Zola-Morgan 1988; Squire and Zola 1998; Squire and ...
... human memory functioning, which posited that the MTL subregions represent a single memory system in which each area is critical for forming declarative memories but do not participate in other cognitive functions (Zola-Morgan et al. 1986; Squire and Zola-Morgan 1988; Squire and Zola 1998; Squire and ...
Precise visuotopic organization of the blind spot representation in
... was based on systematic comparisons between RFs obtained with CE vs. IE stimulation. We favored this strategy because comparisons could be made for the same recording and not across recordings, as would be the case, for example, when comparing RFs inside and outside the BSR for CE stimulation only. ...
... was based on systematic comparisons between RFs obtained with CE vs. IE stimulation. We favored this strategy because comparisons could be made for the same recording and not across recordings, as would be the case, for example, when comparing RFs inside and outside the BSR for CE stimulation only. ...
A Critical Review of Secondary Neurodegeneration
... that [11C]PiB is recognised to have particularly high binding affinity for amyloid fibrils found in dense core plaques but low binding affinity to soluble oligomers or non-fibril amyloid-β forms [31]. Therefore, [11C]PiB and like Congo Red and Thioflavin T are limited in their ability to detect amyl ...
... that [11C]PiB is recognised to have particularly high binding affinity for amyloid fibrils found in dense core plaques but low binding affinity to soluble oligomers or non-fibril amyloid-β forms [31]. Therefore, [11C]PiB and like Congo Red and Thioflavin T are limited in their ability to detect amyl ...
Motor Cortex Neural Correlates of Output Kinematics and Kinetics
... it there for 2 s to receive a liquid reward (Fig. 2A). The animals generated force ramps aimed at each target from their onset, and did not initially relax the bias force. Targets were spaced at 45° intervals, starting from 0° (to the right) and progressing counterclockwise. The eight targets were r ...
... it there for 2 s to receive a liquid reward (Fig. 2A). The animals generated force ramps aimed at each target from their onset, and did not initially relax the bias force. Targets were spaced at 45° intervals, starting from 0° (to the right) and progressing counterclockwise. The eight targets were r ...
Supplementary Motor Area and Presupplementary Motor Area
... cerebellar projections to two cortical areas on the medial wall of the hemisphere, the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the pre-SMA. We found that both of these cortical areas are the targets of disynaptic projections from the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum and from the internal segment of the ...
... cerebellar projections to two cortical areas on the medial wall of the hemisphere, the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the pre-SMA. We found that both of these cortical areas are the targets of disynaptic projections from the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum and from the internal segment of the ...
world-of-psychology-7th-edition-wood-test-bank
... Learning Objective 2.2 – How are messages transmitted through the nervous system? 21. When a cell is “at rest,” it is in a state called the __________. a) stopping point b) obcipitation junction Incorrect. This is a fictitious word. c) resting potential Correct. A cell at rest is in a state called t ...
... Learning Objective 2.2 – How are messages transmitted through the nervous system? 21. When a cell is “at rest,” it is in a state called the __________. a) stopping point b) obcipitation junction Incorrect. This is a fictitious word. c) resting potential Correct. A cell at rest is in a state called t ...
Comparison of Primate Prefrontal and Inferior Temporal
... our sensory environment. Several recent studies have reported neuronal correlates of visual categories in two interconnected cortical areas involved in visual recognition, memory, and other visual functions: the inferior temporal cortex (ITC) and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) (Vogels, 1999; Freedman e ...
... our sensory environment. Several recent studies have reported neuronal correlates of visual categories in two interconnected cortical areas involved in visual recognition, memory, and other visual functions: the inferior temporal cortex (ITC) and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) (Vogels, 1999; Freedman e ...
The dynamics of visual responses in the primary visual cortex
... spatial strength of connections between neurons is taken to be the spatial density of synaptic connections revealed by anatomical investigations of cortex (e.g., Lund, 1988; Callaway, 1998). This model causes significant sharpening of orientation selectivity of V1 neurons compared to their feedforwar ...
... spatial strength of connections between neurons is taken to be the spatial density of synaptic connections revealed by anatomical investigations of cortex (e.g., Lund, 1988; Callaway, 1998). This model causes significant sharpening of orientation selectivity of V1 neurons compared to their feedforwar ...
Electrophysiological evidence that noradrenergic neurons of the rat
... In the mammalian central nervous system, the majority of the serotonergic neurons are found within the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) (Dahlström and Fuxe, 1964). By means of their widespread projections throughout the entire brain, these neurons are thought to play a crucial role in a variety of physio ...
... In the mammalian central nervous system, the majority of the serotonergic neurons are found within the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) (Dahlström and Fuxe, 1964). By means of their widespread projections throughout the entire brain, these neurons are thought to play a crucial role in a variety of physio ...
The Role of Cognition in Classical and Operant Conditioning
... actively selects and compares stimuli in constructing a cognitive map of the task. “Hypothesis” Experiments. Krech and Crutchfield (1948) defined learning as a “reorganization of the cognitive field” (p. 112). Tolman (1948) credited Krechecsky (Krechevsky, 1932) with designing experiments suggesting ...
... actively selects and compares stimuli in constructing a cognitive map of the task. “Hypothesis” Experiments. Krech and Crutchfield (1948) defined learning as a “reorganization of the cognitive field” (p. 112). Tolman (1948) credited Krechecsky (Krechevsky, 1932) with designing experiments suggesting ...
OSC_Psychology_TestBank_Ch06_Learning
... APA Standard: 1.2, 1.3, 2.1 38. Molly attempts to condition her puppy to greet her when she enters the house. She repeatedly pairs her entry to the house with a treat for the puppy. The puppy eventually acquires this ability, and Molly realizes how irritating it is for the puppy to run up to her eve ...
... APA Standard: 1.2, 1.3, 2.1 38. Molly attempts to condition her puppy to greet her when she enters the house. She repeatedly pairs her entry to the house with a treat for the puppy. The puppy eventually acquires this ability, and Molly realizes how irritating it is for the puppy to run up to her eve ...
The neural representation of plural discourse entities
... As of yet none of these theories of plural anaphora representation have been tested with the use of neuroimaging techniques, and therefore it is difficult to generate hypotheses about the neural structures involved in such representations. However, there have been a few studies on reference processin ...
... As of yet none of these theories of plural anaphora representation have been tested with the use of neuroimaging techniques, and therefore it is difficult to generate hypotheses about the neural structures involved in such representations. However, there have been a few studies on reference processin ...
Scene perception: inferior temporal cortex neurons encode the
... 1999).] This design had the advantage over a complex natural scene of enabling defined stimuli to be presented simultaneously in defined positions in a well-controlled way, and for the response of a neuron to be measured to each stimulus when presented alone. Moreover, the stimuli were chosen such tha ...
... 1999).] This design had the advantage over a complex natural scene of enabling defined stimuli to be presented simultaneously in defined positions in a well-controlled way, and for the response of a neuron to be measured to each stimulus when presented alone. Moreover, the stimuli were chosen such tha ...
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... task, rat shuttles back and forth along a linear track between food rewards contained in cups attached to movable walls. Middle: color-coded firing field of a place cell created from multiple runs in the eastward direction. Bottom: EEG theta rhythm and place cell firing (in red) for the same cell on ...
... task, rat shuttles back and forth along a linear track between food rewards contained in cups attached to movable walls. Middle: color-coded firing field of a place cell created from multiple runs in the eastward direction. Bottom: EEG theta rhythm and place cell firing (in red) for the same cell on ...
Computing with Spiking Neuron Networks
... non-exhaustive outline, a neuron can generate an action potential – the spike – at the soma, the cell body of the neuron. This brief electric pulse (1 or 2ms duration) then travels along the neuron’s axon, that in turn is linked up to the receiving end of other neurons, the dendrites (see Figure 1, ...
... non-exhaustive outline, a neuron can generate an action potential – the spike – at the soma, the cell body of the neuron. This brief electric pulse (1 or 2ms duration) then travels along the neuron’s axon, that in turn is linked up to the receiving end of other neurons, the dendrites (see Figure 1, ...
Redalyc.CONTEXT CHANGE EXPLAINS RESURGENCE AFTER
... suggests that extinction procedures do not result in an erasure or an unlearning of the original learning. It might also suggest, again, that extinction instead results in new learning that is especially dependent on the context in which it was learned. Resurgence in the animal laboratory has been s ...
... suggests that extinction procedures do not result in an erasure or an unlearning of the original learning. It might also suggest, again, that extinction instead results in new learning that is especially dependent on the context in which it was learned. Resurgence in the animal laboratory has been s ...
Reticular Formation
... Reticular Activating System Relatively non-specific Sensory modalities are merged in a polysynaptic pathway Only provides a vague awareness of any particular sensory modality Results in cortical stimulation with profound effects on: levels of Consciousness and Alerting reactions to sensory s ...
... Reticular Activating System Relatively non-specific Sensory modalities are merged in a polysynaptic pathway Only provides a vague awareness of any particular sensory modality Results in cortical stimulation with profound effects on: levels of Consciousness and Alerting reactions to sensory s ...