The Olfactory–Limbic System and Multiple Chemical
... have about 1000 olfactory receptor gene sequences – “smell genes”. Of which 63% are considered to be non-active or ‘pseudogenes’. While about 363 olfactory receptor gene sequences are active and produce the individual olfactory receptor types. Also, olfactory receptor genes are highly distributed ac ...
... have about 1000 olfactory receptor gene sequences – “smell genes”. Of which 63% are considered to be non-active or ‘pseudogenes’. While about 363 olfactory receptor gene sequences are active and produce the individual olfactory receptor types. Also, olfactory receptor genes are highly distributed ac ...
The organization of the central control of micturition in cats and
... muscles of the neck and back are innervated by motoneurons in the medial part of the ventral horn throughout the length of the spinal cord, whereas those innervating the muscles of the extremities are located in the lateral part of the ventral horn of the cervical and lumbosacral enlargements. Sympa ...
... muscles of the neck and back are innervated by motoneurons in the medial part of the ventral horn throughout the length of the spinal cord, whereas those innervating the muscles of the extremities are located in the lateral part of the ventral horn of the cervical and lumbosacral enlargements. Sympa ...
Spontaneous persistent activity in entorhinal cortex modulates
... interactions, whereby MECIII neurons produce a partial decoupling of the CA1 activity from neocortical UDS via their markedly delayed Down transitions and persistent Up states. Notably, the authors found that there was a strong correlation between a neuron’s Down-transition lag and its probability o ...
... interactions, whereby MECIII neurons produce a partial decoupling of the CA1 activity from neocortical UDS via their markedly delayed Down transitions and persistent Up states. Notably, the authors found that there was a strong correlation between a neuron’s Down-transition lag and its probability o ...
Selective amplification of the S
... contrast space in which each axis represents the quantal catch of the L-, M- and S-cone types normalized with respect to the white background (i.e. cone contrast). Stimulus chromaticity is given by the vector direction and contrast by vector length within the cone contrast space. Three cardinal stim ...
... contrast space in which each axis represents the quantal catch of the L-, M- and S-cone types normalized with respect to the white background (i.e. cone contrast). Stimulus chromaticity is given by the vector direction and contrast by vector length within the cone contrast space. Three cardinal stim ...
Csercsa Richárd
... cord at the level of the first or second cervical vertebra. This preparation is called the encéphale isolé (Figure 3, left). After the lesion he experienced normal sleep-wake cycles. Furthermore, his second surgical preparation, the cerveau isolé (Figure 3, right), when he isolated the forebrain fro ...
... cord at the level of the first or second cervical vertebra. This preparation is called the encéphale isolé (Figure 3, left). After the lesion he experienced normal sleep-wake cycles. Furthermore, his second surgical preparation, the cerveau isolé (Figure 3, right), when he isolated the forebrain fro ...
For Peer Review - diss.fu
... modulation of ascending monoamine systems in response to afferents from limbic regions and basal ganglia. The LHb is implicated in various biological functions, such as reward, sleepwake cycle, feeding, pain processing and memory formation. The modulatory role of the LHb is partly assumed by putativ ...
... modulation of ascending monoamine systems in response to afferents from limbic regions and basal ganglia. The LHb is implicated in various biological functions, such as reward, sleepwake cycle, feeding, pain processing and memory formation. The modulatory role of the LHb is partly assumed by putativ ...
Co-activation of VTA DA and GABA neurons mediates nicotine
... 0.127 mm; Figure 4a) is inserted into the VTA and held in a fixed position by means of a small connector. The tip of the injection cannula projects beyond the guide cannula by 1.5 mm (Figure 4a). It is connected by flexible polyethylene tubing to the microinjection system, which houses a 5-ml Hamilton ...
... 0.127 mm; Figure 4a) is inserted into the VTA and held in a fixed position by means of a small connector. The tip of the injection cannula projects beyond the guide cannula by 1.5 mm (Figure 4a). It is connected by flexible polyethylene tubing to the microinjection system, which houses a 5-ml Hamilton ...
Stimulus Configuration, Classical Conditioning, and
... to address this question, numerous theories have been advanced that suggest that the hippocampus is involved in attention, chunking, contextual retrieval of information, internal inhibition, long-term memory selection, recognition memory, response inhibition, spatial mapping, temporal mapping, worki ...
... to address this question, numerous theories have been advanced that suggest that the hippocampus is involved in attention, chunking, contextual retrieval of information, internal inhibition, long-term memory selection, recognition memory, response inhibition, spatial mapping, temporal mapping, worki ...
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha in normal and diseased brain
... TNF-α may play a key role in a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases including ischemia, Parkinson’s disease (PD), HIV-1–associated dementia (HAD), MS, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and AD (Grazia De Simoni and Imeri, 1998). The modes by which TNF-α production and activity increase are ...
... TNF-α may play a key role in a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases including ischemia, Parkinson’s disease (PD), HIV-1–associated dementia (HAD), MS, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and AD (Grazia De Simoni and Imeri, 1998). The modes by which TNF-α production and activity increase are ...
Chapter 16 - MBFys Home Page
... These early anatomical concepts were influenced by lesion experiments in animals and clinical observations in human patients made in the 1930s and 40s. These studies showed that damage to the upper brainstem tegmentum produced coma, suggesting the existence of a neural system in the midbrain and ros ...
... These early anatomical concepts were influenced by lesion experiments in animals and clinical observations in human patients made in the 1930s and 40s. These studies showed that damage to the upper brainstem tegmentum produced coma, suggesting the existence of a neural system in the midbrain and ros ...
Cerebellar control of visceral responses–possible mechanisms
... really relayed at hypothalamic and limbic levels. The mentioned interaction may well take place in centers e.g. at bulbar levels whose functions are affected by and dependent on both types of influences. There is however, neuroanatomical evidence for connections between the cerebellum and the hypoth ...
... really relayed at hypothalamic and limbic levels. The mentioned interaction may well take place in centers e.g. at bulbar levels whose functions are affected by and dependent on both types of influences. There is however, neuroanatomical evidence for connections between the cerebellum and the hypoth ...
Chapter 7 — Learning: How Nurture Changes Us
... Before we do, though, we’d like you to place your brain “on pause” from this chapter for just a few moments. After reading this sentence, put down your pen or highlighter, close your eyes, and attend to several things that you almost never notice: the soft buzzing of the lights in the room, the feel ...
... Before we do, though, we’d like you to place your brain “on pause” from this chapter for just a few moments. After reading this sentence, put down your pen or highlighter, close your eyes, and attend to several things that you almost never notice: the soft buzzing of the lights in the room, the feel ...
Sample
... Incorrect. This term refers to an animal that walks on two feet. Fish are not bipedal animals, yet they adapt very well to their environments. c. specialization d. natural selection Correct. This was the major crux of Darwin's theory of evolution. e. creationism Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 44 Topi ...
... Incorrect. This term refers to an animal that walks on two feet. Fish are not bipedal animals, yet they adapt very well to their environments. c. specialization d. natural selection Correct. This was the major crux of Darwin's theory of evolution. e. creationism Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 44 Topi ...
Chapter 02: Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature
... Incorrect. This term refers to an animal that walks on two feet. Fish are not bipedal animals, yet they adapt very well to their environments. c. specialization d. natural selection Correct. This was the major crux of Darwin's theory of evolution. e. creationism Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 44 Topi ...
... Incorrect. This term refers to an animal that walks on two feet. Fish are not bipedal animals, yet they adapt very well to their environments. c. specialization d. natural selection Correct. This was the major crux of Darwin's theory of evolution. e. creationism Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 44 Topi ...
Progressive Mitochondrial Compromise in Brains
... peripheral blood, taken from NRTI-exposed but HIV-1– uninfected infants (Divi et al., 2004; Poirier et al., 2003; Shiramizu et al., 2003). In addition, depletion of leukocyte mtDNA in peripheral blood was found to persist in HIV-1– uninfected 2-year-old children born to HIV-1–infected mothers receiv ...
... peripheral blood, taken from NRTI-exposed but HIV-1– uninfected infants (Divi et al., 2004; Poirier et al., 2003; Shiramizu et al., 2003). In addition, depletion of leukocyte mtDNA in peripheral blood was found to persist in HIV-1– uninfected 2-year-old children born to HIV-1–infected mothers receiv ...
Do superior colliculus projection zones in the inferior pulvinar
... pulvinar, using a range of current histochemical techniques, have revealed further subdivisions. In our recent re-interpretation of the organization of the inferior pulvinar (the original IPc) has been divided into central medial and central lateral nuclei or subnuclei (which we refer to as PICM and ...
... pulvinar, using a range of current histochemical techniques, have revealed further subdivisions. In our recent re-interpretation of the organization of the inferior pulvinar (the original IPc) has been divided into central medial and central lateral nuclei or subnuclei (which we refer to as PICM and ...
Lateral Hypothalamus Contains Two Types of Palatability
... Introduction When we encounter a taste, we appreciate both its chemosensory properties and its palatability—the degree to which the taste is pleasurable or aversive. Recent work suggests that the processing of this complex taste experience may involve coordination between multiple brain areas (Gross ...
... Introduction When we encounter a taste, we appreciate both its chemosensory properties and its palatability—the degree to which the taste is pleasurable or aversive. Recent work suggests that the processing of this complex taste experience may involve coordination between multiple brain areas (Gross ...
Document
... production by the adrenal gland, and found that this endocrine rhythm was absent in animals with a suprachiasmatic lesion (15). While these lesion studies showed that an intact suprachiasmatic nucleus is necessary for the expression of circadian rhythms, it was not yet conclusive evidence that the S ...
... production by the adrenal gland, and found that this endocrine rhythm was absent in animals with a suprachiasmatic lesion (15). While these lesion studies showed that an intact suprachiasmatic nucleus is necessary for the expression of circadian rhythms, it was not yet conclusive evidence that the S ...
FREE Sample Here
... Objective: 2.4 Contrast excitatory and inhibitory effects of neurotransmitters and how they affect behaviour. 34) How can synaptic vesicles continue to pour out their neurotransmitters, and yet still have a ready supply of neurotransmitters to respond to continuing stimulation? a. Through the proces ...
... Objective: 2.4 Contrast excitatory and inhibitory effects of neurotransmitters and how they affect behaviour. 34) How can synaptic vesicles continue to pour out their neurotransmitters, and yet still have a ready supply of neurotransmitters to respond to continuing stimulation? a. Through the proces ...
Color responses of the human lateral geniculate nucleus: selective
... contrast space in which each axis represents the quantal catch of the L-, M- and S-cone types normalized with respect to the white background (i.e. cone contrast). Stimulus chromaticity is given by the vector direction and contrast by vector length within the cone contrast space. Three cardinal stim ...
... contrast space in which each axis represents the quantal catch of the L-, M- and S-cone types normalized with respect to the white background (i.e. cone contrast). Stimulus chromaticity is given by the vector direction and contrast by vector length within the cone contrast space. Three cardinal stim ...
A comparison of response-contingent and noncontingent pairing in
... will often result in an increase in that behavior, yet money itself cannot directly satisfy any biological need. Rather, it has gained reinforcing value because of its ability to access primary reinforcers as well as most other conditioned reinforcers. While money as a conditioned reinforcer is near ...
... will often result in an increase in that behavior, yet money itself cannot directly satisfy any biological need. Rather, it has gained reinforcing value because of its ability to access primary reinforcers as well as most other conditioned reinforcers. While money as a conditioned reinforcer is near ...