Effects of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Antagonist MCPG
... that there are multiple forms of LTD in CA1 (Oliet et al., 1997). In any case, the data are clear that MC PG treatment does not reliably block NMDA receptor-dependent LTD and LTP in CA1. These results seemed to exclude the hypothesis that activation of MC PG-sensitive mGluRs is a requirement for ind ...
... that there are multiple forms of LTD in CA1 (Oliet et al., 1997). In any case, the data are clear that MC PG treatment does not reliably block NMDA receptor-dependent LTD and LTP in CA1. These results seemed to exclude the hypothesis that activation of MC PG-sensitive mGluRs is a requirement for ind ...
Predictive Coding: A Possible Explanation of Filling
... a functional explanation for a range of neural responses in the cortex. We simulated a threelevel hierarchical network and observe its response while stimulating the network with different bar stimulus across the blind spot. We find that the predictive-estimator neurons that represent blind spot in ...
... a functional explanation for a range of neural responses in the cortex. We simulated a threelevel hierarchical network and observe its response while stimulating the network with different bar stimulus across the blind spot. We find that the predictive-estimator neurons that represent blind spot in ...
Modulation of Inhibition of Return by the Dopamine D2 Receptor
... that overall task performance was not determined by baseline striatal DA levels. However, there was a significant interaction of the effects of drug and order of drug administration (F1,15 = 23.23, P < 0.01). Specifically, if participants were administered placebo in the first session and bromocript ...
... that overall task performance was not determined by baseline striatal DA levels. However, there was a significant interaction of the effects of drug and order of drug administration (F1,15 = 23.23, P < 0.01). Specifically, if participants were administered placebo in the first session and bromocript ...
The Integrative Action of the Autonomic Nervous System
... On the other hand, the former of the above two concepts dominates almost all current textbooks of physiology and neuroscience. It is true that some of the effects of autonomic nerve activity can be mimicked by the application of neurotransmitter substances locally or systemically. However, the mecha ...
... On the other hand, the former of the above two concepts dominates almost all current textbooks of physiology and neuroscience. It is true that some of the effects of autonomic nerve activity can be mimicked by the application of neurotransmitter substances locally or systemically. However, the mecha ...
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... 37. What is the term used to describe the rounded areas on the ends of the axon terminals? a) synaptic vesicles Incorrect. Synaptic vesicles are structures within the synaptic knobs. b) axons c) dendrites d) synaptic knobs Correct. Synaptic knobs are located at the tip of each axon terminal. ANS: d, ...
... 37. What is the term used to describe the rounded areas on the ends of the axon terminals? a) synaptic vesicles Incorrect. Synaptic vesicles are structures within the synaptic knobs. b) axons c) dendrites d) synaptic knobs Correct. Synaptic knobs are located at the tip of each axon terminal. ANS: d, ...
Pearson SA, Mouihate A, Pittman QJ, Whelan PJ
... effects of AVP or OXT on locomotor-like activity were quantified via time series analysis. Time series analysis was performed by taking intervals of 60 sec of raw data, rectifying the data, applying a low-pass filter, and resampling at 100 Hz. Means were subtracted from the processed data and smooth ...
... effects of AVP or OXT on locomotor-like activity were quantified via time series analysis. Time series analysis was performed by taking intervals of 60 sec of raw data, rectifying the data, applying a low-pass filter, and resampling at 100 Hz. Means were subtracted from the processed data and smooth ...
The Auditory System
... by the tympanic cavity, the auditory ossicles and the inner layer of the tympanic membrane. The inner ear comprises the labyrinth, a series of fluid-filled spaces in the petrous part of the temporal bone. The auditory part of the inner ear consists of the cochlea with the organ of Corti, which conta ...
... by the tympanic cavity, the auditory ossicles and the inner layer of the tympanic membrane. The inner ear comprises the labyrinth, a series of fluid-filled spaces in the petrous part of the temporal bone. The auditory part of the inner ear consists of the cochlea with the organ of Corti, which conta ...
Psychopharmacology of conditioned reward
... stimuli and reward processes interact in a highly specific manner; analyses of this phenomenon may provide valuable insight into the processes that underlie reward-related learning. The effects of dopaminergic agents with different mechanisms of action in this paradigm have revealed several interest ...
... stimuli and reward processes interact in a highly specific manner; analyses of this phenomenon may provide valuable insight into the processes that underlie reward-related learning. The effects of dopaminergic agents with different mechanisms of action in this paradigm have revealed several interest ...
Neuroimaging and neuropsychological findings in
... Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders affecting children and adolescents. In the last decade, our knowledge base of pediatric OCD has increased greatly. In examining pediatric OCD, neuropsychological performance may serve as a bridge between brain fun ...
... Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders affecting children and adolescents. In the last decade, our knowledge base of pediatric OCD has increased greatly. In examining pediatric OCD, neuropsychological performance may serve as a bridge between brain fun ...
A neurotoxic regimen of MDMA suppresses behavioral, thermal and
... (Green et al. 1995; Scheffel et al. 1998). The evidence of MDMA-induced 5-HT toxicity is based on biochemical studies in which there is a reduction in the tissue concentration of 5-HT and its major metabolite 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (Stone et al. 1986; Schmidt 1987); reduction in the activity of ...
... (Green et al. 1995; Scheffel et al. 1998). The evidence of MDMA-induced 5-HT toxicity is based on biochemical studies in which there is a reduction in the tissue concentration of 5-HT and its major metabolite 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (Stone et al. 1986; Schmidt 1987); reduction in the activity of ...
Tang et al - Pro Aid Autisme
... we performed western blot analysis of phospho-mTOR (p-mTOR), total mTOR (t-mTOR), phospho-S6 (p-S6), total S6 (t-S6), and the autophagosome marker LC3 and p62 (Figures 2A and 2F) in frozen BA21 brain samples from age-, gender-, and PMI- matched ASD patients and controls (demographic data in Table S3 ...
... we performed western blot analysis of phospho-mTOR (p-mTOR), total mTOR (t-mTOR), phospho-S6 (p-S6), total S6 (t-S6), and the autophagosome marker LC3 and p62 (Figures 2A and 2F) in frozen BA21 brain samples from age-, gender-, and PMI- matched ASD patients and controls (demographic data in Table S3 ...
ANS: c, p. 42, F, LO=2.1, (1)
... 8. If you have a problem remembering things that happened a year ago, doctors might check for damage to the ___________ area of the brain. a) hippocampus b) hypothalamus c) fornix d) amygdala ...
... 8. If you have a problem remembering things that happened a year ago, doctors might check for damage to the ___________ area of the brain. a) hippocampus b) hypothalamus c) fornix d) amygdala ...
PUNISHMENT - appstate.edu
... which, when applied to the punishment procedure, increases our understanding of some of the puzzling and sometimes chaotic results obtained in punishment experiments. But first, I would like to review some of the empirical generalities which appear to describe the outcomes of experiments on punishme ...
... which, when applied to the punishment procedure, increases our understanding of some of the puzzling and sometimes chaotic results obtained in punishment experiments. But first, I would like to review some of the empirical generalities which appear to describe the outcomes of experiments on punishme ...
Physiology of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH): Beyond
... identity a still open question [18-21]. It has been also reported that pituitary and peripheral GnRHR differ in terms of activated intracellular signaling pathway [22]; GnRHR present in peripheral and tumoral tissues are generally coupled with the Gαi subunit, and their activation leads to a decreas ...
... identity a still open question [18-21]. It has been also reported that pituitary and peripheral GnRHR differ in terms of activated intracellular signaling pathway [22]; GnRHR present in peripheral and tumoral tissues are generally coupled with the Gαi subunit, and their activation leads to a decreas ...
NEURAL NETWORKS
... interconnection of neurons, is itself nonlinear. Moreover, the nonlinearity is of a special kind in the sense that it is distributed throughout the network. Nonlinearity is a highly important property, particularly if the underlying physical mechanism responsible for the generation of an input signa ...
... interconnection of neurons, is itself nonlinear. Moreover, the nonlinearity is of a special kind in the sense that it is distributed throughout the network. Nonlinearity is a highly important property, particularly if the underlying physical mechanism responsible for the generation of an input signa ...
CORTICAL PLASTICITY: From Synapses to Maps
... In contrast to the predominant general view that applied two decades ago, it is currently accepted that cortical maps are dynamic constructs that are remodeled in detail by behaviorally important experiences throughout life. A wide variety of neuronal response reconstruction (mapping) studies in dif ...
... In contrast to the predominant general view that applied two decades ago, it is currently accepted that cortical maps are dynamic constructs that are remodeled in detail by behaviorally important experiences throughout life. A wide variety of neuronal response reconstruction (mapping) studies in dif ...
ANS: c, p. 42, F, LO=2.1, (1)
... 1. The function of the __________ is to carry information to and from all parts of the body. a) soma Incorrect. The primary responsibility of the soma is to maintain the life of the neuron. b) synapse c) nervous system Correct. Sending information to and from all parts of the body is the primary fun ...
... 1. The function of the __________ is to carry information to and from all parts of the body. a) soma Incorrect. The primary responsibility of the soma is to maintain the life of the neuron. b) synapse c) nervous system Correct. Sending information to and from all parts of the body is the primary fun ...
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... nicotine compared to Wistar rats. Such strain differences may be due to general, non-specific strain differences in the neuropharmacological processing of nicotine. Thus, the present experiment examined if WKY rats were less responsive to another neuropharmacological aspect of nicotine compared to W ...
... nicotine compared to Wistar rats. Such strain differences may be due to general, non-specific strain differences in the neuropharmacological processing of nicotine. Thus, the present experiment examined if WKY rats were less responsive to another neuropharmacological aspect of nicotine compared to W ...
Development - Publications Repository
... SEMA3F being expressed in r3 and r5 and NRP2 being expressed by the r2-derived (trigeminal) and r4-derived (hyoid) neural crest cells (Gammill et al., 2007; Eickholt et al., 1999). Moreover, cranial neural crest cells travel through the normally crest-free zone at r3 level when semaphorin function i ...
... SEMA3F being expressed in r3 and r5 and NRP2 being expressed by the r2-derived (trigeminal) and r4-derived (hyoid) neural crest cells (Gammill et al., 2007; Eickholt et al., 1999). Moreover, cranial neural crest cells travel through the normally crest-free zone at r3 level when semaphorin function i ...
Intensive and Extensive Disaster Risk Drivers and
... risk assessments that could inform the planning and development decisions. Furthermore, the review concludes that there are still very few countries reporting on risk assessments in schools and health facilities. Even where these exist, they tend to be at an individual facility level rather than pro ...
... risk assessments that could inform the planning and development decisions. Furthermore, the review concludes that there are still very few countries reporting on risk assessments in schools and health facilities. Even where these exist, they tend to be at an individual facility level rather than pro ...
body proportions in infancy and early childhood
... • A process in which neurons form synapses and thereby increase connections with other • Peaks in different brain regions at different ages • Transient exuberance – the explosion in connections in the early years of life – The brain makes more connections than it needs in preparation to receive any ...
... • A process in which neurons form synapses and thereby increase connections with other • Peaks in different brain regions at different ages • Transient exuberance – the explosion in connections in the early years of life – The brain makes more connections than it needs in preparation to receive any ...
Representing Spatial Relationships in Posterior
... object had been visible for 750 ms, a pair of choice squares appeared flanking the copy object (Fig. 1D,K; Choice array). Choice squares were arranged either in a horizontal array, with one square on either side of the copy object (Fig. 1D), or in a vertical array, with both squares on the same side ...
... object had been visible for 750 ms, a pair of choice squares appeared flanking the copy object (Fig. 1D,K; Choice array). Choice squares were arranged either in a horizontal array, with one square on either side of the copy object (Fig. 1D), or in a vertical array, with both squares on the same side ...
Chapter 6 - RaduegePsychology
... If a behavior is followed by a satisfying state of affairs, the likelihood of the behavior occurring again increases. Negative Law of Effect: If a behavior is followed by an unpleasant state of affairs, the likelihood of the behavior occurring again decreases ...
... If a behavior is followed by a satisfying state of affairs, the likelihood of the behavior occurring again increases. Negative Law of Effect: If a behavior is followed by an unpleasant state of affairs, the likelihood of the behavior occurring again decreases ...
Psychosocial Stress in Rats: Animal Model of PTSD Based on
... individuals also develop an array of other debilitating symptoms, including persistent anxiety, an exaggerated startle response, cognitive impairments, and an impaired ability to extinguish conditioned fear (Stam 2007). Trauma exposure is a necessary, but not sufficient, component of PTSD development ...
... individuals also develop an array of other debilitating symptoms, including persistent anxiety, an exaggerated startle response, cognitive impairments, and an impaired ability to extinguish conditioned fear (Stam 2007). Trauma exposure is a necessary, but not sufficient, component of PTSD development ...