Mechanisms Underlying the Cardioinhibitory and Pressor
... change, which was positive during excitation and negative during inhibition of the nerve activity. Data were presented as mean ± standard error of the mean. P value less than 0.05 calculated from Student’s t-test was considered statistically significant. ...
... change, which was positive during excitation and negative during inhibition of the nerve activity. Data were presented as mean ± standard error of the mean. P value less than 0.05 calculated from Student’s t-test was considered statistically significant. ...
anatomyofneuroforame..
... a gradual decrease in the angle of inclination through the L1-2 through L5-S1 levels. This finding was later disputed by Cohen et al (23) who noted no change in the angle of inclination from the exiting nerve roots in the L1 through L5 nerve roots, but did note a significant drop-off in the angle of ...
... a gradual decrease in the angle of inclination through the L1-2 through L5-S1 levels. This finding was later disputed by Cohen et al (23) who noted no change in the angle of inclination from the exiting nerve roots in the L1 through L5 nerve roots, but did note a significant drop-off in the angle of ...
Maruska & Tricas 2011
... Zhang and Delay, 2007). However, the hypothesis that these two extra-hypothalamic GnRH systems can directly modulate sensory processing in the brain has received only limited experimental testing (Kawai et al., 2010; Kinoshita et al., 2007), and little is known about how GnRH might influence other re ...
... Zhang and Delay, 2007). However, the hypothesis that these two extra-hypothalamic GnRH systems can directly modulate sensory processing in the brain has received only limited experimental testing (Kawai et al., 2010; Kinoshita et al., 2007), and little is known about how GnRH might influence other re ...
Synaptic plasticity: taming the beast
... current through an electrode, by firing rapidly and regularly. In such a situation, the neuron acts as an integrator, and there is little correlation between the timing of its spikes and those of its inputs. If LTD dominates over LTP for random pre- and postsynaptic spike pairings21, this leads to a ...
... current through an electrode, by firing rapidly and regularly. In such a situation, the neuron acts as an integrator, and there is little correlation between the timing of its spikes and those of its inputs. If LTD dominates over LTP for random pre- and postsynaptic spike pairings21, this leads to a ...
PowerPoint Presentation - University of South Alabama
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Allyn & Bacon Inc. ...
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Allyn & Bacon Inc. ...
Mammalian Models of CNS Regeneration - Wiley-VCH
... inhibitory molecules and conflicting views as to their importance in limiting axonal regeneration in vivo (e.g., Raisman, 2004; Schwab, 2004). ...
... inhibitory molecules and conflicting views as to their importance in limiting axonal regeneration in vivo (e.g., Raisman, 2004; Schwab, 2004). ...
Potential switch from eupnea to fictive gasping after blockade of
... both a direct modulation of channel conductances and alteration of ionic homeostasis in the extracellular environment. Specifically, hypoxia suppresses several types of voltage-gated potassium channels (4, 9, 16, 20, 21, 49), activates persistent sodium channels (13, 15, 17), and induces an augmenta ...
... both a direct modulation of channel conductances and alteration of ionic homeostasis in the extracellular environment. Specifically, hypoxia suppresses several types of voltage-gated potassium channels (4, 9, 16, 20, 21, 49), activates persistent sodium channels (13, 15, 17), and induces an augmenta ...
Paper - Wharton Marketing
... Deciding when to leave a depleting resource to exploit another is a fundamental problem for all decision makers. The neuronal mechanisms mediating patch-leaving decisions remain unknown. We found that neurons in primate (Macaca mulatta) dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, an area that is linked to rew ...
... Deciding when to leave a depleting resource to exploit another is a fundamental problem for all decision makers. The neuronal mechanisms mediating patch-leaving decisions remain unknown. We found that neurons in primate (Macaca mulatta) dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, an area that is linked to rew ...
morphological changes in chick embryo neural tissue associated
... evaluated by TEM, the control tissue appeared to be intact with no displacement. Exposure of neurons to 0.137M hydrocortisone appeared to have severe effects on the morphology of the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), nuclear and plasma membranes. More extensive damage was noted with 0.685M ...
... evaluated by TEM, the control tissue appeared to be intact with no displacement. Exposure of neurons to 0.137M hydrocortisone appeared to have severe effects on the morphology of the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), nuclear and plasma membranes. More extensive damage was noted with 0.685M ...
Neuronal basis of sequential foraging decisions in a
... Deciding when to leave a depleting resource to exploit another is a fundamental problem for all decision makers. The neuronal mechanisms mediating patch-leaving decisions remain unknown. We found that neurons in primate (Macaca mulatta) dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, an area that is linked to rew ...
... Deciding when to leave a depleting resource to exploit another is a fundamental problem for all decision makers. The neuronal mechanisms mediating patch-leaving decisions remain unknown. We found that neurons in primate (Macaca mulatta) dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, an area that is linked to rew ...
Chapter 9
... CopyrightThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
... CopyrightThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
Chapter 9- Nervous System Lecture 9.1
... Copyright©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
... Copyright©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
Nervous System - El Camino College
... CopyrightThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
... CopyrightThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
Cranial Nerve VII: The Facial Nerve
... retina (vision), basilar membrane (hearing), and utricle/saccula (balance). – Visceral refers to organs of the body cavity, smooth muscle, vessels, and glands. ...
... retina (vision), basilar membrane (hearing), and utricle/saccula (balance). – Visceral refers to organs of the body cavity, smooth muscle, vessels, and glands. ...
Cranial Nerve VII: The Facial Nerve
... retina (vision), basilar membrane (hearing), and utricle/saccula (balance). – Visceral refers to organs of the body cavity, smooth muscle, vessels, and glands. ...
... retina (vision), basilar membrane (hearing), and utricle/saccula (balance). – Visceral refers to organs of the body cavity, smooth muscle, vessels, and glands. ...
Patterned, But Not Tonic, Optogenetic Stimulation in Motor
... High-frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) in motor thalamus (Mthal) ameliorates tremor but not akinesia in Parkinson’s disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are effective methods of Mthal stimulation to treat akinesia. Glutamatergic Mthal neurons, transduced with channelr ...
... High-frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) in motor thalamus (Mthal) ameliorates tremor but not akinesia in Parkinson’s disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are effective methods of Mthal stimulation to treat akinesia. Glutamatergic Mthal neurons, transduced with channelr ...
How do you feel -- now? The anterior insula and
... respectively (see Box 1), then this response profile would also be consistent with the interpretation that target awareness is engendered in the AIC/IFG and control of directed effort in the ACC. In another study, a well-practiced behavioral task was used to encourage mind-wandering (‘stimulus-indep ...
... respectively (see Box 1), then this response profile would also be consistent with the interpretation that target awareness is engendered in the AIC/IFG and control of directed effort in the ACC. In another study, a well-practiced behavioral task was used to encourage mind-wandering (‘stimulus-indep ...
Deep Brain Stimulation Does Not Silence Neurons in Subthalamic
... that lesioning or otherwise inactivating the STN is effective in treating Parkinson’s disease symptoms (Follett 2000; Levy et al. 2001; Walter and Vitek 2004). Electrical stimulation was thus inferred to mimic a lesion by suppressing output from the STN. The functional lesion hypothesis received sup ...
... that lesioning or otherwise inactivating the STN is effective in treating Parkinson’s disease symptoms (Follett 2000; Levy et al. 2001; Walter and Vitek 2004). Electrical stimulation was thus inferred to mimic a lesion by suppressing output from the STN. The functional lesion hypothesis received sup ...
Fluorescent in situ hybridization technique for cell type identification
... should prove useful in identifying and characterizing the cell types of the neural tissues. In this article, we describe the methodology of these techniques, taking examples from our analyses of the mammalian cerebral cortex. 1. Introduction Central nervous system consists of a myriad of cell types, ...
... should prove useful in identifying and characterizing the cell types of the neural tissues. In this article, we describe the methodology of these techniques, taking examples from our analyses of the mammalian cerebral cortex. 1. Introduction Central nervous system consists of a myriad of cell types, ...
AN INTEGRATIVE THEORY OF LOCUS
... By decision processes, we mean those processes responsible for mapping task-relevant stimuli onto the corresponding response. As we discuss further below, there is growing evidence that, for simple tasks, such processes may be implemented relatively early in the processing stream, distinct from and ...
... By decision processes, we mean those processes responsible for mapping task-relevant stimuli onto the corresponding response. As we discuss further below, there is growing evidence that, for simple tasks, such processes may be implemented relatively early in the processing stream, distinct from and ...
Hes1 and Hes3 regulate maintenance of the isthmic organizer and
... (Figure 3Gd, arrowhead). Taken together, these results demonstrated that, in the double mutants, the midbrain and a part of the anterior hindbrain structures were missing while most other regions of the hindbrain developed normally. ...
... (Figure 3Gd, arrowhead). Taken together, these results demonstrated that, in the double mutants, the midbrain and a part of the anterior hindbrain structures were missing while most other regions of the hindbrain developed normally. ...
Adaptive Gain and Optimal Performance
... By decision processes, we mean those processes responsible for mapping task-relevant stimuli onto the corresponding response. As we discuss further below, there is growing evidence that, for simple tasks, such processes may be implemented relatively early in the processing stream, distinct from and ...
... By decision processes, we mean those processes responsible for mapping task-relevant stimuli onto the corresponding response. As we discuss further below, there is growing evidence that, for simple tasks, such processes may be implemented relatively early in the processing stream, distinct from and ...
studies on the development and organisation of the nervous system
... the generation of the correct cells in the correct places, the outgrowth of nerve processes, and the formation of synapses. All of these phases show a high degree of specificity, which means that a large amount of information must be expressed by mechanisms that on the whole we do not yet understand ...
... the generation of the correct cells in the correct places, the outgrowth of nerve processes, and the formation of synapses. All of these phases show a high degree of specificity, which means that a large amount of information must be expressed by mechanisms that on the whole we do not yet understand ...
The neural mechanisms of perceptual filling-in
... In FIG. 1c, the region between two vertical lines appears darker than the regions outside the lines. Actually, the luminance in the middle of the central region is the same as that at the right and left margins of the figure. This is known as the Craik–O’Brien–Cornsweet illusion22,23. A rapid change ...
... In FIG. 1c, the region between two vertical lines appears darker than the regions outside the lines. Actually, the luminance in the middle of the central region is the same as that at the right and left margins of the figure. This is known as the Craik–O’Brien–Cornsweet illusion22,23. A rapid change ...
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
... with modular computations. Anatomical evidence suggests the existence of canonical microcircuits that are replicated across brain areas, for example, across regions of the cerebral cortex 1,2. Physiological and behavioural evidence suggests that canonical neural computations exist — standard computa ...
... with modular computations. Anatomical evidence suggests the existence of canonical microcircuits that are replicated across brain areas, for example, across regions of the cerebral cortex 1,2. Physiological and behavioural evidence suggests that canonical neural computations exist — standard computa ...