a Primer on the Brain and Nervous System
... toxic venoms used by animals can be adapted into new pharmacological treatments. For example, the poison of a puffer fish, tetrodotoxin (TTX), halts electrical signaling in nerve cells. However, in discrete, targeted doses, TTX can be used specifically to shut down those nerve cells involved in send ...
... toxic venoms used by animals can be adapted into new pharmacological treatments. For example, the poison of a puffer fish, tetrodotoxin (TTX), halts electrical signaling in nerve cells. However, in discrete, targeted doses, TTX can be used specifically to shut down those nerve cells involved in send ...
Full Text
... the occurrence of retrograde trans-synaptic degeneration of neurons in the human visual pathway. Degeneration of an axon in the direction of its terminal following direct injury is classified as anterograde degeneration, whereas retrograde degeneration proceeds towards the cell body (Coleman et al., ...
... the occurrence of retrograde trans-synaptic degeneration of neurons in the human visual pathway. Degeneration of an axon in the direction of its terminal following direct injury is classified as anterograde degeneration, whereas retrograde degeneration proceeds towards the cell body (Coleman et al., ...
Isolated Ocular Motor Nerve Palsies
... the diplopia; whether there is any associated ptosis or facial muscle weakness; whether it is constant or intermittent; and whether there are any other localizing symptoms such as involvement of other cranial nerves, limb weakness, ataxia, proptosis, or impairment in visual acuity or color perceptio ...
... the diplopia; whether there is any associated ptosis or facial muscle weakness; whether it is constant or intermittent; and whether there are any other localizing symptoms such as involvement of other cranial nerves, limb weakness, ataxia, proptosis, or impairment in visual acuity or color perceptio ...
Impact of diet on adult hippocampal neurogenesis
... in hippocampal-dependent learning tasks is observed between mice of different strains [49, 112]. Environment also has a major impact on AHN (this will be discussed in detail later), and changes in neurogenesis induced by the environment correlates with performance in hippocampaldependent learning ta ...
... in hippocampal-dependent learning tasks is observed between mice of different strains [49, 112]. Environment also has a major impact on AHN (this will be discussed in detail later), and changes in neurogenesis induced by the environment correlates with performance in hippocampaldependent learning ta ...
Appendix Basics of the Nervous System
... The neuron are hard working units of the brain. To function, the neurons require a great deal of energy to function, much of this energy comes from the food that we eat on a daily basis. To expend energy requires that the system store energy to be able to release it. Just as a flashlight requires st ...
... The neuron are hard working units of the brain. To function, the neurons require a great deal of energy to function, much of this energy comes from the food that we eat on a daily basis. To expend energy requires that the system store energy to be able to release it. Just as a flashlight requires st ...
Overo Lethal White Foal Syndrome
... is considered by some to be a naturally occurring model for this human condition because it shares similar pathologic features with Hirschsprung disease, including endothelin-B receptor (EDNRB) mutation and nonfunctional segments of distal bowel.4 However, patients with Hirschsprung disease generall ...
... is considered by some to be a naturally occurring model for this human condition because it shares similar pathologic features with Hirschsprung disease, including endothelin-B receptor (EDNRB) mutation and nonfunctional segments of distal bowel.4 However, patients with Hirschsprung disease generall ...
Pleiotrophin is a Neurotrophic Factor for Spinal Motor Neurons
... PTN Is Neuroprotective Against Chronic Excitotoxic Glutamate Toxicity in Vitro and Prevents Neonatal Facial Motor Neuron Death Induced by Target Denervation in Vivo. In spinal cord explant cultures, ...
... PTN Is Neuroprotective Against Chronic Excitotoxic Glutamate Toxicity in Vitro and Prevents Neonatal Facial Motor Neuron Death Induced by Target Denervation in Vivo. In spinal cord explant cultures, ...
Caudo‐rostral brain spreading of α‐synuclein through vagal
... Revised April 08, 2013 Accepted April 10, 2013 ...
... Revised April 08, 2013 Accepted April 10, 2013 ...
Dorsal spinal cord stimulation obtunds the capacity of intrathoracic
... locus was identified the activity generated by its spontaneously active neurons was studied throughout the duration of the various protocols outlined below (cardiac stressors). In order to identify middle cervical ganglion neurons that transduced the left ventricular milieu, the activity generated b ...
... locus was identified the activity generated by its spontaneously active neurons was studied throughout the duration of the various protocols outlined below (cardiac stressors). In order to identify middle cervical ganglion neurons that transduced the left ventricular milieu, the activity generated b ...
Pontine Gustatory Activity Is Altered by Electrical Stimulation in the
... were recorded from 51 single PBN neurons during application of sucrose, NaCl, NaCl mixed with amiloride, citric acid, and QHCl with or without concurrent electrical stimulation in the ipsilateral central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). Based on the sapid stimulus that evoked the greatest discharge, 3 ...
... were recorded from 51 single PBN neurons during application of sucrose, NaCl, NaCl mixed with amiloride, citric acid, and QHCl with or without concurrent electrical stimulation in the ipsilateral central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). Based on the sapid stimulus that evoked the greatest discharge, 3 ...
Neurons in red nucleus and primary motor cortex exhibit similar
... and tuning widths) in joint-torque space. Proximal arm muscles also displayed similar tuning properties in joint-torque space. These results suggest that RN is more sensitive than M1 to mechanical perturbations applied during postural control but both structures may play a similar role in feedback c ...
... and tuning widths) in joint-torque space. Proximal arm muscles also displayed similar tuning properties in joint-torque space. These results suggest that RN is more sensitive than M1 to mechanical perturbations applied during postural control but both structures may play a similar role in feedback c ...
Traumatic Injuries to the Spinal Cord
... is direct or indirect and partly on the level at which the vertebral column received the trauma. The deformities of bone, which result are determined by variations in the structure of the vertebral column at its various levels. For example, mobility is the primary function of the cervical spine. To ...
... is direct or indirect and partly on the level at which the vertebral column received the trauma. The deformities of bone, which result are determined by variations in the structure of the vertebral column at its various levels. For example, mobility is the primary function of the cervical spine. To ...
Article
... determining cell type [1–3]. Since then, a great deal has been learned about the genetic networks regulating myogenic development (see review [4]). All muscle cells—except those of the head—originate from the embryonic somites, and, in early development, gradients of morphogens from tissues surround ...
... determining cell type [1–3]. Since then, a great deal has been learned about the genetic networks regulating myogenic development (see review [4]). All muscle cells—except those of the head—originate from the embryonic somites, and, in early development, gradients of morphogens from tissues surround ...
Chapter_013
... Some fluid leaves the fourth ventricle through openings in its roof into the cisterna magna, a space that is continuous with the ...
... Some fluid leaves the fourth ventricle through openings in its roof into the cisterna magna, a space that is continuous with the ...
Chapter_013
... Some fluid leaves the fourth ventricle through openings in its roof into the cisterna magna, a space that is continuous with the subarachnoid space ...
... Some fluid leaves the fourth ventricle through openings in its roof into the cisterna magna, a space that is continuous with the subarachnoid space ...
Chapter 2 - Monsignor Farrell High School
... radioactive sugar is injected into the subject and a computer compiles a color-coded image of brain activity of the brain; lighter colors indicate more activity Psychology, Fourth Edition, AP Edition Saundra K. Ciccarelli • J. Noland White © 2015, 2012, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights res ...
... radioactive sugar is injected into the subject and a computer compiles a color-coded image of brain activity of the brain; lighter colors indicate more activity Psychology, Fourth Edition, AP Edition Saundra K. Ciccarelli • J. Noland White © 2015, 2012, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights res ...
The sacral autonomic outflow is sympathetic
... (BM) ones6. The postmitotic precursors migrate dorsally 7 to form nuclei —such as the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (dmnX)— or looser neuronal groups —such as the salivatory nuclei or the diffuse part of the nucleus ambiguus. They project through dorsolateral exit points 7 and course in se ...
... (BM) ones6. The postmitotic precursors migrate dorsally 7 to form nuclei —such as the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (dmnX)— or looser neuronal groups —such as the salivatory nuclei or the diffuse part of the nucleus ambiguus. They project through dorsolateral exit points 7 and course in se ...
Neuronal Processing of Chemical Information in Crustaceans Chapter 7
... 1984; Hallberg and Skog, Chap. 6) (Fig. 7.1). Bimodal sensilla of numerous structural types occur on the body and all appendages and in their construction correspond to insect contact chemoreceptors. Aesthetascs are morphologically homogeneous, exclusively occur on the outer flagellum of the antennu ...
... 1984; Hallberg and Skog, Chap. 6) (Fig. 7.1). Bimodal sensilla of numerous structural types occur on the body and all appendages and in their construction correspond to insect contact chemoreceptors. Aesthetascs are morphologically homogeneous, exclusively occur on the outer flagellum of the antennu ...
How microglia kill neurons
... The cysteine protease B – cathepsin B – released by activated microglia has been shown to be neurotoxic in the context of neurodegenerative diseases (Gan et al., 2004; Kim et al., 2007; Kingham and Pocock 2001) (Fig. 2). Activating BV-2 microglia with Aβ upregulated expression of cathepsin B, and do ...
... The cysteine protease B – cathepsin B – released by activated microglia has been shown to be neurotoxic in the context of neurodegenerative diseases (Gan et al., 2004; Kim et al., 2007; Kingham and Pocock 2001) (Fig. 2). Activating BV-2 microglia with Aβ upregulated expression of cathepsin B, and do ...
Technology Insight: noninvasive brain stimulation in neurology
... adaptive for the individual, as well as changes that contribute to functional disability and are consequently maladaptive. With this in mind, an ideal therapy should be tailored to the individual and based on detailed knowledge of the pathophysiology of the specific patient’s condition, underlying d ...
... adaptive for the individual, as well as changes that contribute to functional disability and are consequently maladaptive. With this in mind, an ideal therapy should be tailored to the individual and based on detailed knowledge of the pathophysiology of the specific patient’s condition, underlying d ...
On phenomenal character and Petri dishes
... Thus I do not think we can be sure that there can be no subject in the Petri dish. And this point leads to my most important criticism of Tye’s argument, which is that it does not support the Petri dish image so much as rely on that image. This is because (A) gains its plausibility only from the Pe ...
... Thus I do not think we can be sure that there can be no subject in the Petri dish. And this point leads to my most important criticism of Tye’s argument, which is that it does not support the Petri dish image so much as rely on that image. This is because (A) gains its plausibility only from the Pe ...
Hemispheric Asymmetry Reduction in Older Adults
... activity was nearly twice as large as was right PFC activity. In older adults, left PFC activity was reduced but right PFC was not and, as a result, the asymmetry shown by younger adults was eliminated (see Table 1). According to the authors, “the age-associated reduction in left prefrontal activati ...
... activity was nearly twice as large as was right PFC activity. In older adults, left PFC activity was reduced but right PFC was not and, as a result, the asymmetry shown by younger adults was eliminated (see Table 1). According to the authors, “the age-associated reduction in left prefrontal activati ...
neuroanatomy - NC State Veterinary Medicine
... medial tectospinal (tectospinal) tract = orientation of the eyes, head, and neck in response to visual input spinotectal tract- move neck (head and eyes) towards movements Tegmentum The tegmentum is the ventral mesencephalon. Some definitions exclude the crus cerebri. This area is the location of se ...
... medial tectospinal (tectospinal) tract = orientation of the eyes, head, and neck in response to visual input spinotectal tract- move neck (head and eyes) towards movements Tegmentum The tegmentum is the ventral mesencephalon. Some definitions exclude the crus cerebri. This area is the location of se ...