CRANIAL NERVES: Functional Anatomy
... Parts II–V deal with the functional anatomy of the nerves. Rather than work through them from first to twelfth, the book considers them according to function. You will encounter them much as would an ingested morsel of food. This is unorthodox: it does, though, lend spice and relevance. There are se ...
... Parts II–V deal with the functional anatomy of the nerves. Rather than work through them from first to twelfth, the book considers them according to function. You will encounter them much as would an ingested morsel of food. This is unorthodox: it does, though, lend spice and relevance. There are se ...
chapter_9_powerpoint_le - AandP2010-2011
... CopyrightThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
... CopyrightThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
Vestibular System: The Many Facets of a
... as short as 5–6 ms. Simple pathways also mediate the vestibulo-spinal reflexes that are important for maintaining posture and balance. Recent studies, however, have emphasized the importance of extravestibular signals in shaping even these simple sensorimotor transformations. Moreover, multisensory a ...
... as short as 5–6 ms. Simple pathways also mediate the vestibulo-spinal reflexes that are important for maintaining posture and balance. Recent studies, however, have emphasized the importance of extravestibular signals in shaping even these simple sensorimotor transformations. Moreover, multisensory a ...
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... However, the brain pays more attention to some stimuli—such as those that signal rewards or warn of potential threats—than to others. These stimuli receive extra attention because they activate a structure deep within the brain called the amygdala. The amygdala, which is named after the Greek word f ...
... However, the brain pays more attention to some stimuli—such as those that signal rewards or warn of potential threats—than to others. These stimuli receive extra attention because they activate a structure deep within the brain called the amygdala. The amygdala, which is named after the Greek word f ...
Structure-Function Relationships in Rat Brainstem Subnucleus
... et al., 1988). Therefore, cortical map changes induced by neonatal deafferentation may be due, at least in part, to subcortical events. To explain cortical plasticity, one must therefore be able to explain subcortical plasticity. The results of Waite and de Permentier (199 1) provide an indication t ...
... et al., 1988). Therefore, cortical map changes induced by neonatal deafferentation may be due, at least in part, to subcortical events. To explain cortical plasticity, one must therefore be able to explain subcortical plasticity. The results of Waite and de Permentier (199 1) provide an indication t ...
Single-Trial Decoding of Visual Attention from Local Field Potentials
... The instantaneous power of each frequency band was decoded using a support-vector machine (Chang and Lin, 2011), which has been shown to reliably decode attentional signals from prefrontal cortex neurons (Astrand et al., 2014; Tremblay et al., 2015). The decoder was trained to decode both the spike ...
... The instantaneous power of each frequency band was decoded using a support-vector machine (Chang and Lin, 2011), which has been shown to reliably decode attentional signals from prefrontal cortex neurons (Astrand et al., 2014; Tremblay et al., 2015). The decoder was trained to decode both the spike ...
Differential Spatial Organization of Otolith Signals in Frog Vestibular
... branches in the isolated frog hindbrain were recorded within a stereotactic outline of the vestibular nuclei. Utricular and lagenar nerveevoked activation maps overlapped strongly in the lateral and descending vestibular nuclei, whereas lagenar amplitudes were greater in the superior vestibular nucl ...
... branches in the isolated frog hindbrain were recorded within a stereotactic outline of the vestibular nuclei. Utricular and lagenar nerveevoked activation maps overlapped strongly in the lateral and descending vestibular nuclei, whereas lagenar amplitudes were greater in the superior vestibular nucl ...
Extracellular voltage threshold settings can be tuned for optimal
... paralysis or other sensory–motor deficits. The recorded signals have taken the form of EEG, MEG, and intracortical signals (Schwartz et al 2006). A promising class of BCIs extracts information directly from action potentials, or ʻspikesʼ, identified from the voltage traces recorded from chronically im ...
... paralysis or other sensory–motor deficits. The recorded signals have taken the form of EEG, MEG, and intracortical signals (Schwartz et al 2006). A promising class of BCIs extracts information directly from action potentials, or ʻspikesʼ, identified from the voltage traces recorded from chronically im ...
Neuroophthalmology – edu.materials 1
... - accommodation, convergence, and pupillary constriction are ...
... - accommodation, convergence, and pupillary constriction are ...
Neuronal Activation in the Medulla Oblongata During Selective
... stimulation, 0.5 Hz, to prevent the occurrence of swallowing, cough and respiratory slowing. We also used a low stimulation intensity, supramaximal for eliciting just the LAR, to provide a similar stimulus intensity across animals. One approach for studying functional brain stem pathways involves Fo ...
... stimulation, 0.5 Hz, to prevent the occurrence of swallowing, cough and respiratory slowing. We also used a low stimulation intensity, supramaximal for eliciting just the LAR, to provide a similar stimulus intensity across animals. One approach for studying functional brain stem pathways involves Fo ...
Pathfinding by cranial nerve VII (facial) motorneurons
... molecules that are fixed in place, or they could exist as diffusible molecules. In order to function as a guidance cue, immobilized molecules would be expected to be distributed in a restricted spatial pattern, and diffusible molecules in a gradient. Evidence that both these types of guidance cues m ...
... molecules that are fixed in place, or they could exist as diffusible molecules. In order to function as a guidance cue, immobilized molecules would be expected to be distributed in a restricted spatial pattern, and diffusible molecules in a gradient. Evidence that both these types of guidance cues m ...
Neuronal calcium-binding proteins 1/2 localize to dorsal root ganglia
... in the ventral horn. Using CLARITY, a novel, bilaterally connected neuronal system with dendrites that embrace the dorsal columns like palisades is observed. NECAB2 is present in cell bodies and presynaptic boutons across the spinal cord. In the dorsal horn, most NECAB1/2 neurons are glutamatergic. ...
... in the ventral horn. Using CLARITY, a novel, bilaterally connected neuronal system with dendrites that embrace the dorsal columns like palisades is observed. NECAB2 is present in cell bodies and presynaptic boutons across the spinal cord. In the dorsal horn, most NECAB1/2 neurons are glutamatergic. ...
Neuropathological Characteristics of Brachial Plexus Avulsion Injury
... ChAT-positive motor neurons were counted on both the intact and lesioned side of the C5, C6, and C7 spinal segments. Because ChAT immunoreactivity may be changed as a consequence of injury, serials sections stained with CV were also used to quantify the motor neurons as an independent marker. Only C ...
... ChAT-positive motor neurons were counted on both the intact and lesioned side of the C5, C6, and C7 spinal segments. Because ChAT immunoreactivity may be changed as a consequence of injury, serials sections stained with CV were also used to quantify the motor neurons as an independent marker. Only C ...
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... for a slightly different suggestion). While much evidence supports this suggestion, still more recent data advocate a refinement of the Actor to include only the dorsolateral striatum (with the dorsomedial striatum implicated in a different form of goal-directed action selection that cannot be suppo ...
... for a slightly different suggestion). While much evidence supports this suggestion, still more recent data advocate a refinement of the Actor to include only the dorsolateral striatum (with the dorsomedial striatum implicated in a different form of goal-directed action selection that cannot be suppo ...
OCULOPLASTICS AND NEURO
... morphologic sequela of disease - any disease - that causes damage to ganglion cells and axons of the optic nerve.” Walsh & Hoyt’s Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 5th Edition ...
... morphologic sequela of disease - any disease - that causes damage to ganglion cells and axons of the optic nerve.” Walsh & Hoyt’s Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 5th Edition ...
The Autonomic Nervous System and Visceral Reflexes
... Biofeedback is a technique in which an instrument produces auditory or visual signals in response to changes in a subject’s blood pressure, heart rate, muscle tone, skin temperature, brain waves, or other physiological variables. It gives the subject awareness of changes that he or she would not ord ...
... Biofeedback is a technique in which an instrument produces auditory or visual signals in response to changes in a subject’s blood pressure, heart rate, muscle tone, skin temperature, brain waves, or other physiological variables. It gives the subject awareness of changes that he or she would not ord ...
Sensory Adaptation and Short Term Plasticity as Bayesian
... adaptation phenomena measured in primary visual cortex. First, using a simulation of a single synapse, we illustrate that estimating presynaptic excitability and normalizing postsynaptic responses by these estimates makes neural output more stable (Fig 2). That is, we show that using an excitability ...
... adaptation phenomena measured in primary visual cortex. First, using a simulation of a single synapse, we illustrate that estimating presynaptic excitability and normalizing postsynaptic responses by these estimates makes neural output more stable (Fig 2). That is, we show that using an excitability ...
Response Suppression in V1 Agrees with Psychophysics of
... design, with a block duration of 9 sec. Each functional MRI scan contained 14 block alternations and lasted 4.2 min. No auditory feedback was provided. In the main experiment, each block contained five trials, consisting of a 750 msec stimulus display, followed by a 1050 msec response period. For on ...
... design, with a block duration of 9 sec. Each functional MRI scan contained 14 block alternations and lasted 4.2 min. No auditory feedback was provided. In the main experiment, each block contained five trials, consisting of a 750 msec stimulus display, followed by a 1050 msec response period. For on ...
cellular mechanisms of classical and operant conditioning A model
... A fundamental problem in neuroscience is to understand events occurring within individual neurons and within networks that contribute to learning and memory. For example, what cellular processes detect the coincidence between stimuli during classical conditioning, or between behavior and consequence ...
... A fundamental problem in neuroscience is to understand events occurring within individual neurons and within networks that contribute to learning and memory. For example, what cellular processes detect the coincidence between stimuli during classical conditioning, or between behavior and consequence ...
descending projections from the trigeminal ganglion and
... to be spindleless (for a review see 78). It has been claimed by some authors (63, 64), that the cells subserving extraocular muscle proprioception in the cat are located only in the TG. Others agree on the dual localization of their cell bodies in both the TG and the caudal part of the MTN (1, 7). T ...
... to be spindleless (for a review see 78). It has been claimed by some authors (63, 64), that the cells subserving extraocular muscle proprioception in the cat are located only in the TG. Others agree on the dual localization of their cell bodies in both the TG and the caudal part of the MTN (1, 7). T ...
Spontaneous default mode network phase
... Indeed, past research indicates that people high in self-monitoring (i.e. those who are inclined to adjust their behavior to meet others’ expectations or social norms) are less susceptible to stereotype threat effects; possibly because self-monitoring affords individuals greater self-regulatory reso ...
... Indeed, past research indicates that people high in self-monitoring (i.e. those who are inclined to adjust their behavior to meet others’ expectations or social norms) are less susceptible to stereotype threat effects; possibly because self-monitoring affords individuals greater self-regulatory reso ...
A quantitative link between face discrimination deficits and neuronal
... across a range of tasks including social–emotional judgments as well as identification and discrimination. However, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies probing the neural bases of these behavioral differences have produced conflicting results: while some studies have reported reduced ...
... across a range of tasks including social–emotional judgments as well as identification and discrimination. However, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies probing the neural bases of these behavioral differences have produced conflicting results: while some studies have reported reduced ...
Degeneration and Regeneration in Crustacean
... FIG. 2. Electron micrographs of the two motor Typical motor nerve terminal on the opener musaxons which innervate the opener muscle. A, cle from an animal in which the distal stump of Branches of nonlesioned (control) axons taken the severed excitatory axon showed normal nerve from the midpropodite. ...
... FIG. 2. Electron micrographs of the two motor Typical motor nerve terminal on the opener musaxons which innervate the opener muscle. A, cle from an animal in which the distal stump of Branches of nonlesioned (control) axons taken the severed excitatory axon showed normal nerve from the midpropodite. ...
Structural and functional architecture of respiratory networks in the
... larger neural systems and operate under the control of various central and peripheral sensory inputs that modify the CPG-generated motor pattern, adjusting it to the internal and/or external environment, current motor task and organismal needs. Such inputs regulate not only the frequency and amplitu ...
... larger neural systems and operate under the control of various central and peripheral sensory inputs that modify the CPG-generated motor pattern, adjusting it to the internal and/or external environment, current motor task and organismal needs. Such inputs regulate not only the frequency and amplitu ...
How Acupuncture works - Chinese Acupuncture Associates on the
... Neuron's " firing rate " and neurotransmitter release are attenuated or wiped out so that The pain signal transmission is terminated [ 53,54 ]. ...
... Neuron's " firing rate " and neurotransmitter release are attenuated or wiped out so that The pain signal transmission is terminated [ 53,54 ]. ...