Wiring optimization can relate neuronal structure and function
... changes by varying ␣ between 1 and 45. Because the choice of the quadratic form of the cost function may seem arbitrary, we also varied the power of wire length in the cost function, in Eqs. 2 and 3 between values of 1 and 4. As argued previously, the wiring cost is likely to scale supralinearly ( ...
... changes by varying ␣ between 1 and 45. Because the choice of the quadratic form of the cost function may seem arbitrary, we also varied the power of wire length in the cost function, in Eqs. 2 and 3 between values of 1 and 4. As argued previously, the wiring cost is likely to scale supralinearly ( ...
spiking neuron models - Assets - Cambridge
... Over the past hundred years, biological research has accumulated an enormous amount of detailed knowledge about the structure and function of the brain. The elementary processing units in the central nervous system are neurons which are connected to each other in an intricate pattern. A tiny portion ...
... Over the past hundred years, biological research has accumulated an enormous amount of detailed knowledge about the structure and function of the brain. The elementary processing units in the central nervous system are neurons which are connected to each other in an intricate pattern. A tiny portion ...
Chapter 2: The Brain and Behavior
... FIGURE 2.20 A circle is flashed to the left brain of a split-brain patient, and he is asked what he saw. He easily replies, “A circle.” He can also pick out the circle by merely touching shapes with his right hand, out of sight behind a screen. However, his left hand can’t identify the circle. If a ...
... FIGURE 2.20 A circle is flashed to the left brain of a split-brain patient, and he is asked what he saw. He easily replies, “A circle.” He can also pick out the circle by merely touching shapes with his right hand, out of sight behind a screen. However, his left hand can’t identify the circle. If a ...
Total number and volume of Von Economo neurons in the cerebral
... Gucht, 2007). This cortical lamination pattern with the lack of an internal granular layer IV may reflect a particular cortical wiring organization in cetaceans (Hof and Van der Gucht, 2007). Nonetheless, neocortical complexity, extreme gyrification, and large size (Oelschläger and Oelschläger, 2002 ...
... Gucht, 2007). This cortical lamination pattern with the lack of an internal granular layer IV may reflect a particular cortical wiring organization in cetaceans (Hof and Van der Gucht, 2007). Nonetheless, neocortical complexity, extreme gyrification, and large size (Oelschläger and Oelschläger, 2002 ...
Hypocretinergic Neurons are Primarily involved in Activation
... The animals were implanted with electrodes for recording the electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyogram (EMG), electrooculogram (EOG) and pontogeniculooccipital (PGO) waves for the determination of behavioral states (see 17 for details of the surgical procedures). During experimental sessions (10 am ...
... The animals were implanted with electrodes for recording the electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyogram (EMG), electrooculogram (EOG) and pontogeniculooccipital (PGO) waves for the determination of behavioral states (see 17 for details of the surgical procedures). During experimental sessions (10 am ...
Higher-Order Functions
... diencephalon, plays an uncertain role in memory storage and retrieval. Damage to this nucleus is associated with changes in emotional states, memory, and intellectual function. ...
... diencephalon, plays an uncertain role in memory storage and retrieval. Damage to this nucleus is associated with changes in emotional states, memory, and intellectual function. ...
Very short-term plasticity in hippocampal synapses
... are plotted as open circles (n 5 59 to 66). Ps as a function of time is fitted with an exponential decay (dashed line, recovery time constant 5 7 msec), and the initial release probability of the synapse, indicated by the dotted line, was 0.675. In this synapse, Ps depresses markedly, illustrating t ...
... are plotted as open circles (n 5 59 to 66). Ps as a function of time is fitted with an exponential decay (dashed line, recovery time constant 5 7 msec), and the initial release probability of the synapse, indicated by the dotted line, was 0.675. In this synapse, Ps depresses markedly, illustrating t ...
Surround suppression explained by long-range
... In species with highly developed neocortices, such as cats and primates, cortical neurons are grouped into columns that share functional similarities1 . In primary visual cortex, columns of neurons have highly similar preferred orientations of visual stimuli2, 3 . However, given that neurons in a co ...
... In species with highly developed neocortices, such as cats and primates, cortical neurons are grouped into columns that share functional similarities1 . In primary visual cortex, columns of neurons have highly similar preferred orientations of visual stimuli2, 3 . However, given that neurons in a co ...
Learning to classify complex patterns using a VLSI network of
... The learning and classification of natural stimuli are accomplished by biological organisms with remarkable ease, even when the input is noisy or incomplete. Such real-time classification of complex patterns of spike trains is a difficult computational problem that artificial neural networks are con ...
... The learning and classification of natural stimuli are accomplished by biological organisms with remarkable ease, even when the input is noisy or incomplete. Such real-time classification of complex patterns of spike trains is a difficult computational problem that artificial neural networks are con ...
Modeling goal-directed spatial navigation in the rat based on physiological
... hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) to guide movements of a virtual rat in a virtual environment. The model encoded representations of the environment through long-term potentiation of excitatory recurrent connections between sequentially spiking place cells in ECIII and CA3. This encoding requi ...
... hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) to guide movements of a virtual rat in a virtual environment. The model encoded representations of the environment through long-term potentiation of excitatory recurrent connections between sequentially spiking place cells in ECIII and CA3. This encoding requi ...
- Princeton University
... of the biochemical signals associated with dendritic excitability (Helmchen et al., 1999; Svoboda et al., 1997), and the tracking of the activity of hundreds of neurons simultaneously (Ohki et al., 2005). However, because high-resolution imaging requires mechanical stability, all previous in vivo mo ...
... of the biochemical signals associated with dendritic excitability (Helmchen et al., 1999; Svoboda et al., 1997), and the tracking of the activity of hundreds of neurons simultaneously (Ohki et al., 2005). However, because high-resolution imaging requires mechanical stability, all previous in vivo mo ...
Amygdala oscillations and the consolidation of
... potentiating, a mechanism that regulates memory consolidation. They reasoned that there would be a biological advantage in delaying memory consolidation until the significance of an experience could be evaluated. Thus, they hypothesized that the brain is endowed with modulatory systems that affect t ...
... potentiating, a mechanism that regulates memory consolidation. They reasoned that there would be a biological advantage in delaying memory consolidation until the significance of an experience could be evaluated. Thus, they hypothesized that the brain is endowed with modulatory systems that affect t ...
mecp2 and the epigenetic regulation of excitatory synaptic
... hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes and altered levels of individual histone modifications are found in many types of tumor cells. Outside of cancer, epigenetics has received less attention. Recent accumulating evidence is pointing towards a role for epigenetics in neurons. Some believe that ...
... hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes and altered levels of individual histone modifications are found in many types of tumor cells. Outside of cancer, epigenetics has received less attention. Recent accumulating evidence is pointing towards a role for epigenetics in neurons. Some believe that ...
Hebbian learning - Computer Science | SIU
... The basic idea of competitive learning was introduced in the early 1970s. In the late 1980s, Teuvo Kohonen introduced a special class of artificial neural networks called self-organizing feature maps. These maps are based on competitive learning. ...
... The basic idea of competitive learning was introduced in the early 1970s. In the late 1980s, Teuvo Kohonen introduced a special class of artificial neural networks called self-organizing feature maps. These maps are based on competitive learning. ...
Structural changes that occur during normal aging of primate
... larger cortical neurons, the Meynert cells of visual cortex [27] come to contain little age pigment, while the Betz cells of motor cortex can become so full of pigment that their nuclei are displaced to one side of the cell body [29]. But otherwise the cell bodies of cortical neurons seem to be slig ...
... larger cortical neurons, the Meynert cells of visual cortex [27] come to contain little age pigment, while the Betz cells of motor cortex can become so full of pigment that their nuclei are displaced to one side of the cell body [29]. But otherwise the cell bodies of cortical neurons seem to be slig ...
Jukic et al. SUPPLEMANTARY SUPLEMENTARY METHODS En1+/
... serotonergic neurons. 4. Studies related to the specification of monoaminergic neurons. We choose these criteria according to the following rationales. 1: In vitro studies are not necessarily relevant in vivo (Hegarthy et al., 2013). 2: Only experiments performed in mammals were considered, since pa ...
... serotonergic neurons. 4. Studies related to the specification of monoaminergic neurons. We choose these criteria according to the following rationales. 1: In vitro studies are not necessarily relevant in vivo (Hegarthy et al., 2013). 2: Only experiments performed in mammals were considered, since pa ...
FREE Sample Here
... Neurons are specialized cells that conduct impulses through the nervous system. The cell body contains the nucleus and carries out the metabolic, or life-sustaining, functions of a neuron. The dendrites project out from the cell bodies are the primary receivers of signals from other neurons. ...
... Neurons are specialized cells that conduct impulses through the nervous system. The cell body contains the nucleus and carries out the metabolic, or life-sustaining, functions of a neuron. The dendrites project out from the cell bodies are the primary receivers of signals from other neurons. ...
The Biology of Mind - American International School
... moods, we must first understand how neurons work and communicate. Neurons differ, but all are variations on the same theme (FIGURE 2.2 on the next page). Each consists of a cell body and its branching fibers. The bushy dendrite fibers receive information and conduct it toward the cell body. From the ...
... moods, we must first understand how neurons work and communicate. Neurons differ, but all are variations on the same theme (FIGURE 2.2 on the next page). Each consists of a cell body and its branching fibers. The bushy dendrite fibers receive information and conduct it toward the cell body. From the ...
Stable propagation of synchronous spiking in cortical neural networks
... the ®ring behaviour of cortical neurons13,14. We focused on spike responses to transient membrane-potential excursions, implied by the physiological ®ndings1±5. As a rule, such transients are explained by convergent inputs from simultaneously spiking neurons onto a target neuron (Fig. 1a). These tra ...
... the ®ring behaviour of cortical neurons13,14. We focused on spike responses to transient membrane-potential excursions, implied by the physiological ®ndings1±5. As a rule, such transients are explained by convergent inputs from simultaneously spiking neurons onto a target neuron (Fig. 1a). These tra ...
Early Pharmacological Treatment of Autism: A
... is characterized by qualitative alterations in three behavioral areas: social reciprocity, communication, and breadth of interests manifest by repetitive behaviors or restricted interests. Individuals with autism also experience a number of frequently associated behavioral problems such as hyperacti ...
... is characterized by qualitative alterations in three behavioral areas: social reciprocity, communication, and breadth of interests manifest by repetitive behaviors or restricted interests. Individuals with autism also experience a number of frequently associated behavioral problems such as hyperacti ...
Large-Scale Fluorescence Calcium-Imaging
... traces (lower traces in each pair) mark occurrences of individual action potentials; numerals mark action potential bursts and report the number of spikes in each burst. (Inset) Two-photon image of a neuron expressing GCaMP6s; the recording pipette is indicated by the red lines. Scale bar, 10 mm. (B ...
... traces (lower traces in each pair) mark occurrences of individual action potentials; numerals mark action potential bursts and report the number of spikes in each burst. (Inset) Two-photon image of a neuron expressing GCaMP6s; the recording pipette is indicated by the red lines. Scale bar, 10 mm. (B ...
Jennifer S. Lund
... Hamilton. Charles agreed to join a project to determine if interocular transfer of discriminations based on direction of motion of visual stimuli occurred in the split-brain monkey. They did not, suggesting that discrimination of motion is dependent on cortical mechanisms, as had been shown earlier ...
... Hamilton. Charles agreed to join a project to determine if interocular transfer of discriminations based on direction of motion of visual stimuli occurred in the split-brain monkey. They did not, suggesting that discrimination of motion is dependent on cortical mechanisms, as had been shown earlier ...
2 - New Page 1
... • Deep, Stage 3-4, slow-wave (delta) sleep may be needed for recovery from oxidative stress • High metabolism during awake activity produces overabundance of free radicals: chemicals with unpaired electrons that are therefore highly reactive • Activity is brain-specific BRAIN RUST! • High mental ac ...
... • Deep, Stage 3-4, slow-wave (delta) sleep may be needed for recovery from oxidative stress • High metabolism during awake activity produces overabundance of free radicals: chemicals with unpaired electrons that are therefore highly reactive • Activity is brain-specific BRAIN RUST! • High mental ac ...
Crossmodal and action-specific: neuroimaging the human mirror
... the premotor cortex – a popular interpretation was (and is) that this occurs through a simulation or direct matching mechanism, where observing someone else activates the same motor circuits as when executing that action ‘from within’, through a ‘motor resonance’ process [5,6,11]. According to this ...
... the premotor cortex – a popular interpretation was (and is) that this occurs through a simulation or direct matching mechanism, where observing someone else activates the same motor circuits as when executing that action ‘from within’, through a ‘motor resonance’ process [5,6,11]. According to this ...
1 The Brain and Behavior
... each of the brain's two hemispheres the overlying cortex is divided into four anatomically distinct lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital (see Figure 12B), originally named for the skull bones that encase them. These lobes have specialized functions. The frontal lobe is largely concerned ...
... each of the brain's two hemispheres the overlying cortex is divided into four anatomically distinct lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital (see Figure 12B), originally named for the skull bones that encase them. These lobes have specialized functions. The frontal lobe is largely concerned ...