Embryonic development of the Drosophila brain: formation of
... microscopy to determine how the commissural and descending pathways are established. We find that commissural interconnections are formed by axons that project along an interhemispheric cell bridge and that descending interconnections are prefigured by a chain of glial cells along which pioneering a ...
... microscopy to determine how the commissural and descending pathways are established. We find that commissural interconnections are formed by axons that project along an interhemispheric cell bridge and that descending interconnections are prefigured by a chain of glial cells along which pioneering a ...
Bridging Cytoarchitectonics and Connectomics in Human Cerebral
... staining techniques showing that associative frontal areas of the human and macaque cortex (e.g., BA 46/10/11) display elaborate neuronal architectures with larger, more branched, and more spinous pyramidal neurons compared with unimodal primary regions (e.g., BA 17/41/42) (Jacobs et al., 2001; Elst ...
... staining techniques showing that associative frontal areas of the human and macaque cortex (e.g., BA 46/10/11) display elaborate neuronal architectures with larger, more branched, and more spinous pyramidal neurons compared with unimodal primary regions (e.g., BA 17/41/42) (Jacobs et al., 2001; Elst ...
The projection of the lateral geniculate nucleus to area 17 of the rat
... (At) axon terminals. The dendrite has a smooth outline and its cytoplasm contains microtubules (m), polyribosomes (r), and a cistern of endoplasmic reticulum (ER). One mitochondrion (mit) shows a dilatation of its outer membrane. The degenerating axon terminal is surrounded by astrocytic processes ( ...
... (At) axon terminals. The dendrite has a smooth outline and its cytoplasm contains microtubules (m), polyribosomes (r), and a cistern of endoplasmic reticulum (ER). One mitochondrion (mit) shows a dilatation of its outer membrane. The degenerating axon terminal is surrounded by astrocytic processes ( ...
Stochastic dynamics as a principle of brain function
... factor in a network with a finite (i.e., limited) number of neurons. The spiking noise can be described as introducing statistical fluctuations into the finite-size system. It is important that the outcome that is reached, and not just its time course, is influenced on each trial by these statistical flu ...
... factor in a network with a finite (i.e., limited) number of neurons. The spiking noise can be described as introducing statistical fluctuations into the finite-size system. It is important that the outcome that is reached, and not just its time course, is influenced on each trial by these statistical flu ...
the diverse roles of l-glutamic acid in brain signal transduction
... acidic amino acids such as L-aspartic acid and L-homocysteic acid may also participate (1). Nevertheless, ongoing research reveals that the functions of Glu are much more diverse and complex than simply generating excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs). It plays a major role in brain development, ...
... acidic amino acids such as L-aspartic acid and L-homocysteic acid may also participate (1). Nevertheless, ongoing research reveals that the functions of Glu are much more diverse and complex than simply generating excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs). It plays a major role in brain development, ...
excitation and inhibition of the reflex eye withdrawal of the crab
... The repetitive responses of isolated crab axons to applied d.c. potentials have been carefully analysed and classified by Hodgkin (1948) and further by Chapman (1966). The motor neuron causing the eye withdrawal belongs to Hodgkin's class 2 in that (1) its frequency of discharge does not follow prec ...
... The repetitive responses of isolated crab axons to applied d.c. potentials have been carefully analysed and classified by Hodgkin (1948) and further by Chapman (1966). The motor neuron causing the eye withdrawal belongs to Hodgkin's class 2 in that (1) its frequency of discharge does not follow prec ...
Neuronal-Derived Nitric Oxide and Somatodendritically Released
... Care and Use Committee of Georgia Regents University. Rats were housed in a room maintained at 20°C–22°C with a 12 h:12 h light-dark cycle and given ad libitum access to food and water. Coronal hypothalamic brain slices were prepared from juvenile (P21–P45) 85 female Wistar VP-eGFP rats, 2 male Wist ...
... Care and Use Committee of Georgia Regents University. Rats were housed in a room maintained at 20°C–22°C with a 12 h:12 h light-dark cycle and given ad libitum access to food and water. Coronal hypothalamic brain slices were prepared from juvenile (P21–P45) 85 female Wistar VP-eGFP rats, 2 male Wist ...
The Biological Perspective
... provinces had higher rates of MS than those living in British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec. Since these are regional differences, it suggests that MS may be caused, in part, by some environmental factor(s), such as exposure to a virus. ...
... provinces had higher rates of MS than those living in British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec. Since these are regional differences, it suggests that MS may be caused, in part, by some environmental factor(s), such as exposure to a virus. ...
extrasynaptic glutamate does not reach the postsynaptic density
... Available online 30 April 2004 ...
... Available online 30 April 2004 ...
FREE Sample Here
... 25. Tania sees a dark shadow outside her window and feels frightened. What brain structure contributes most to her feeling of fear? a. basal ganglia c. limbic system b. pons d. hypothalamus ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: The Nervous System: Control of Behavior and Physiological Functions 26. The nucleus accumbe ...
... 25. Tania sees a dark shadow outside her window and feels frightened. What brain structure contributes most to her feeling of fear? a. basal ganglia c. limbic system b. pons d. hypothalamus ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: The Nervous System: Control of Behavior and Physiological Functions 26. The nucleus accumbe ...
Document
... dopamine neurons • Hypokinetic disorder (also tremor) • Treated with dopamine precursor (L-Dopa) or agonists • Movie ...
... dopamine neurons • Hypokinetic disorder (also tremor) • Treated with dopamine precursor (L-Dopa) or agonists • Movie ...
Role of Inhibitory Neurotransmitter Interactions in the Pathogenesis
... observed in piglets exposed to hypercapnia, suggesting that this GABAergic effect on respiratory timing is consistently observed in young animals across species.8 These physiologic data are strengthened by our neuroanatomic findings that hypercapnia actually activates GABAergic neurons. In a series ...
... observed in piglets exposed to hypercapnia, suggesting that this GABAergic effect on respiratory timing is consistently observed in young animals across species.8 These physiologic data are strengthened by our neuroanatomic findings that hypercapnia actually activates GABAergic neurons. In a series ...
An EM Study of the Dorsal Nucleus of the Lateral Lemniscus
... and distribution of rough endoplasmic reticulum were identified and may represent different cell types. Examples of both cell types were observed to project to the contralateral side and received labeled synaptic endings. The major finding of this study is that the crossed connections between DNLL e ...
... and distribution of rough endoplasmic reticulum were identified and may represent different cell types. Examples of both cell types were observed to project to the contralateral side and received labeled synaptic endings. The major finding of this study is that the crossed connections between DNLL e ...
NMDA receptor blockade causes selective prefrontal
... that they arise from general mechanisms underlying sensory processing in the brain. A dominant theory that accommodates such perceptual inference is formalised in the predictive coding framework (32, 33): Based on Helmholtz’s notion that the brain attempts to infer the causes of sensations (34, 35), ...
... that they arise from general mechanisms underlying sensory processing in the brain. A dominant theory that accommodates such perceptual inference is formalised in the predictive coding framework (32, 33): Based on Helmholtz’s notion that the brain attempts to infer the causes of sensations (34, 35), ...
1 Understanding Neurotransmission and the Disease of Addiction (2
... Researchers originally thought that electrical impulses jumped these gaps, like electricity jumps across the gap in a spark plug. Now scientists know this is false. Chemicals-not electrical impulses- travel across the gap. An average neuron forms approximately 1,000 synapses with other neurons. It ...
... Researchers originally thought that electrical impulses jumped these gaps, like electricity jumps across the gap in a spark plug. Now scientists know this is false. Chemicals-not electrical impulses- travel across the gap. An average neuron forms approximately 1,000 synapses with other neurons. It ...
CHAPTER 48 NEURONS, SYNAPSES, AND SIGNALING Learning
... 8. Explain the role of mechanoreceptors in hearing and balance. 9. Describe the structure and function of invertebrate statocysts. 10. Explain how insects may detect sound. 11. Refer to a diagram of the human ear and give the function of each structure. 12. Explain how the mammalian ear functions as ...
... 8. Explain the role of mechanoreceptors in hearing and balance. 9. Describe the structure and function of invertebrate statocysts. 10. Explain how insects may detect sound. 11. Refer to a diagram of the human ear and give the function of each structure. 12. Explain how the mammalian ear functions as ...
Synaptic Transmission between Dorsal Root Ganglion and Dorsal
... afferent terminals (Roberts, 1974; Takeuchi et al., 1983). Moreover, L-glutamate-binding sites are found in high density in the superficial dorsal horn of rat spinal cord (Greenamyre et al., 1984) suggesting that amino acids may function as sensory transmitters released from cutaneous afferents. Dir ...
... afferent terminals (Roberts, 1974; Takeuchi et al., 1983). Moreover, L-glutamate-binding sites are found in high density in the superficial dorsal horn of rat spinal cord (Greenamyre et al., 1984) suggesting that amino acids may function as sensory transmitters released from cutaneous afferents. Dir ...
Whole-brain functional imaging at cellular resolution using light
... segmented the brain into 11 regions (Fig. 3a) and derived average fluorescence time series across each of these regions (Fig. 3b). Average activity in most brain areas was characterized by large, temporally sparse increases in fluorescence. In many cases, these discharges occurred synchronously acro ...
... segmented the brain into 11 regions (Fig. 3a) and derived average fluorescence time series across each of these regions (Fig. 3b). Average activity in most brain areas was characterized by large, temporally sparse increases in fluorescence. In many cases, these discharges occurred synchronously acro ...
More than just synaptic building blocks: scaffolding proteins of the
... studies have largely focused on their roles at the mature synapse where they fulfill many functions, including the organization of post-synaptic signaling complexes, regulation of synaptic transmission, and formation and maintenance of dendritic spines (Kim and Sheng 2004). As an example, PSD-95, per ...
... studies have largely focused on their roles at the mature synapse where they fulfill many functions, including the organization of post-synaptic signaling complexes, regulation of synaptic transmission, and formation and maintenance of dendritic spines (Kim and Sheng 2004). As an example, PSD-95, per ...
Certain Histological and Anatomical Features of the Central Nervous
... devoid of synaptic endings (Bullock and Horridge, 1965). The neuropile, which can be distinguished by its finer and more tangled texture, thus becomes the most important region, because this is the only known place of neuronal contacts. Hence it has acquired functional significance as the primary pl ...
... devoid of synaptic endings (Bullock and Horridge, 1965). The neuropile, which can be distinguished by its finer and more tangled texture, thus becomes the most important region, because this is the only known place of neuronal contacts. Hence it has acquired functional significance as the primary pl ...
Glutamate Receptors Form Hot Spots on Apical Dendrites of
... of UV light onto the surface of the neuron of interest. Because the uncaging in the z-axis depends on the precise focus onto the center of the dendrite, the focal points of the IR image of the neuron and of the UV-light flashes were well aligned (Fig. 1). The measured spatial variations in the gluta ...
... of UV light onto the surface of the neuron of interest. Because the uncaging in the z-axis depends on the precise focus onto the center of the dendrite, the focal points of the IR image of the neuron and of the UV-light flashes were well aligned (Fig. 1). The measured spatial variations in the gluta ...
Module 4 SG - HallquistCPHS.com
... ________________ . This discovery was made by ~~~~~~~_ 15. The chemical messengers that convey information across the gaps between neurons are called ...
... ________________ . This discovery was made by ~~~~~~~_ 15. The chemical messengers that convey information across the gaps between neurons are called ...
Structure and function of ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) brains
... In particular, the brain composition might reflect the behavioral specialization (division of labor), most notably between sexuals and worker castes. Chemical (pheromones) and mechanical communication (vibration, touch) among nestmates are hallmarks of a social lifestyle, and one might expect these ...
... In particular, the brain composition might reflect the behavioral specialization (division of labor), most notably between sexuals and worker castes. Chemical (pheromones) and mechanical communication (vibration, touch) among nestmates are hallmarks of a social lifestyle, and one might expect these ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... experimentally altered task constraints,(27–30) drug administration,(3,31,32) and pathologies such as Parkinson’s disease.(1,2) The decision or comparison component is described as a mechanism that evaluates how well the current clock value matches previously stored temporal memories, and can be inf ...
... experimentally altered task constraints,(27–30) drug administration,(3,31,32) and pathologies such as Parkinson’s disease.(1,2) The decision or comparison component is described as a mechanism that evaluates how well the current clock value matches previously stored temporal memories, and can be inf ...
Computational physics: Neural networks
... element of the brain which performs a non-linear input to output mapping between its synaptic inputs and its spiky output. The neurons are connected by synaptic junctions, thus forming a neural network. A central question is how such a neural network implements brain functions such as vision, auditi ...
... element of the brain which performs a non-linear input to output mapping between its synaptic inputs and its spiky output. The neurons are connected by synaptic junctions, thus forming a neural network. A central question is how such a neural network implements brain functions such as vision, auditi ...