Dorsal spinal cord stimulation obtunds the capacity of intrathoracic
... ratios ⬎ 3:1 could be recorded. The activity generated by individual neuronal somata was identified by the amplitude and configuration (waveform recognition) of the recorded action potentials via the Spike 2 program. Using these techniques and criteria, action potentials generated by individual cell ...
... ratios ⬎ 3:1 could be recorded. The activity generated by individual neuronal somata was identified by the amplitude and configuration (waveform recognition) of the recorded action potentials via the Spike 2 program. Using these techniques and criteria, action potentials generated by individual cell ...
Neuronal Correlates for Preparatory Set Associated with Pro
... Schmolesky et al., 1998). For comparing stimulus-related responses, we determined the mean activity in the interval 65 msec around the peak of neuronal activation in a time window from 70 to 140 msec after stimulus appearance, and the prestimulus activation in the interval 40 –50 msec after stimulus ...
... Schmolesky et al., 1998). For comparing stimulus-related responses, we determined the mean activity in the interval 65 msec around the peak of neuronal activation in a time window from 70 to 140 msec after stimulus appearance, and the prestimulus activation in the interval 40 –50 msec after stimulus ...
Rhythms for Cognition: Communication through
... coherent in the gamma band, i.e. at a relatively high frequency (Bastos et al., 2015a; Bosman et al., 2012; Gregoriou et al., 2009). At the same time, it became clear that even though the areas are bidirectionally coupled, this gamma-band coherence does not occur at zero phase, but with a systematic ...
... coherent in the gamma band, i.e. at a relatively high frequency (Bastos et al., 2015a; Bosman et al., 2012; Gregoriou et al., 2009). At the same time, it became clear that even though the areas are bidirectionally coupled, this gamma-band coherence does not occur at zero phase, but with a systematic ...
Morphology and Physiology of the Cerebellar Vestibulolateral Lobe
... prevailing views derived from mammalian species have centered around either intrinsic changes within the cerebellum (Raymond and Lisberger 1998) through the mechanisms of long-term depression and potentiation (Boyden et al. 2004; Ito 1989) or, in more recent years, multiple plasticity mechanisms/ si ...
... prevailing views derived from mammalian species have centered around either intrinsic changes within the cerebellum (Raymond and Lisberger 1998) through the mechanisms of long-term depression and potentiation (Boyden et al. 2004; Ito 1989) or, in more recent years, multiple plasticity mechanisms/ si ...
chapter 12. schizophrenia 12.4 schizophrenia
... incomplete penetrance. One very real possibility is that there are many genes of minor effect. Such genes are difficult to detect using traditional linkage approaches. A triggering role for the environment in those with a genetic predisposition has also been hypothesized. While genetic modeling has ...
... incomplete penetrance. One very real possibility is that there are many genes of minor effect. Such genes are difficult to detect using traditional linkage approaches. A triggering role for the environment in those with a genetic predisposition has also been hypothesized. While genetic modeling has ...
Central mechanisms of osmosensation and systemic osmoregulation
... solutions containing membrane-impermeable solutes, which extract water from cells, but not by infusions of solutes that readily equilibrate across the cell membrane (such as urea). Verney coined the term osmoreceptor to designate the specialized sensory elements. He further showed that these were pr ...
... solutions containing membrane-impermeable solutes, which extract water from cells, but not by infusions of solutes that readily equilibrate across the cell membrane (such as urea). Verney coined the term osmoreceptor to designate the specialized sensory elements. He further showed that these were pr ...
Emotional and Behavioral Correlates of Mediodorsal Thalamic
... which includes the amygdala, medial MD, and orbital cortex. The other, implicated in motor function, is the dorsal anterior cingulate circuit (Groenewegen, 1988), which includes the anterior cingulate cortex, dorsomedial striatum, medial portion of the globus pallidus, and lateral MD. Neurophysiolog ...
... which includes the amygdala, medial MD, and orbital cortex. The other, implicated in motor function, is the dorsal anterior cingulate circuit (Groenewegen, 1988), which includes the anterior cingulate cortex, dorsomedial striatum, medial portion of the globus pallidus, and lateral MD. Neurophysiolog ...
Schwann cells
... • Electrical event involving one location of axonal membrane • Can be triggered by sufficiently large graded potential • Is propagated along axon surface toward synaptic terminals ...
... • Electrical event involving one location of axonal membrane • Can be triggered by sufficiently large graded potential • Is propagated along axon surface toward synaptic terminals ...
Functional organization of inferior parietal lobule convexity in the
... lateral part of the superior parietal lobule (SPL) to the superior temporal gyrus. The eight-electrode row was oriented along a medio-lateral axis. The first recording sessions started in the anterior part of the chamber, in order to identify the hand and mouth fields of area F1 and of primary somatos ...
... lateral part of the superior parietal lobule (SPL) to the superior temporal gyrus. The eight-electrode row was oriented along a medio-lateral axis. The first recording sessions started in the anterior part of the chamber, in order to identify the hand and mouth fields of area F1 and of primary somatos ...
Linking Topography to Tonotopy in the Mouse Auditory
... passing 0.8 !A of current for 12 s at one or two points of interest along the lateral-to-medial penetration (e.g., the lateral or medial extremes of tone-driven recording sites or reversals in frequency tuning). Analysis of individual FRAs. We performed two traditional measurements of preferred freq ...
... passing 0.8 !A of current for 12 s at one or two points of interest along the lateral-to-medial penetration (e.g., the lateral or medial extremes of tone-driven recording sites or reversals in frequency tuning). Analysis of individual FRAs. We performed two traditional measurements of preferred freq ...
Anatomical organization of the central olfactory
... implies the importance of chemosensation. Due to their well-developed sense of smell and easily accessible nervous system, moths have served as suitable model organisms for researchers exploring general principles underlying odor information processing. Like in other insects, moths perceive odorants ...
... implies the importance of chemosensation. Due to their well-developed sense of smell and easily accessible nervous system, moths have served as suitable model organisms for researchers exploring general principles underlying odor information processing. Like in other insects, moths perceive odorants ...
as a PDF
... regions (Fig. 1) known to contain preganglionic parasympathetic neurons in experimental animals. Medium-sized neurons were located in a region bordered by the spinal trigeminal nucleus laterally, the facial nucleus medially and the medial vestibular nucleus dorsally. Rostrally, these neurons were sc ...
... regions (Fig. 1) known to contain preganglionic parasympathetic neurons in experimental animals. Medium-sized neurons were located in a region bordered by the spinal trigeminal nucleus laterally, the facial nucleus medially and the medial vestibular nucleus dorsally. Rostrally, these neurons were sc ...
The Nervous System
... subdivisions of autonomic neurons: sympathetic and parasympathetic. Autonomic motor neurons, together with their central control centers, constitute the autonomic nervous system, the focus of chapter 9. The structural classification of neurons is based on the number of processes that extend from the ...
... subdivisions of autonomic neurons: sympathetic and parasympathetic. Autonomic motor neurons, together with their central control centers, constitute the autonomic nervous system, the focus of chapter 9. The structural classification of neurons is based on the number of processes that extend from the ...
Mirror Neurons: Findings and Functions
... flow. Increased neuronal activity leads to higher cell metabolism, which in turn leads to an increased cerebral blood flow in the activated area. fMRI can spatially pinpoint a rise in blood flow to precisions of up to a mm (Huettel, Song, & McCarthy, 2009). Since it has a good spatial resolution, it ...
... flow. Increased neuronal activity leads to higher cell metabolism, which in turn leads to an increased cerebral blood flow in the activated area. fMRI can spatially pinpoint a rise in blood flow to precisions of up to a mm (Huettel, Song, & McCarthy, 2009). Since it has a good spatial resolution, it ...
A Review of Cell Assemblies by Huyck and
... is a relatively small set of connected neurons, that through neural firing can sustain activation without stimulus from outside the CA, and is formed by learning. Extensive evidence from single unit recording and other techniques shows that there are CAs that have these properties, and their neurons ...
... is a relatively small set of connected neurons, that through neural firing can sustain activation without stimulus from outside the CA, and is formed by learning. Extensive evidence from single unit recording and other techniques shows that there are CAs that have these properties, and their neurons ...
Heterogeneity of the Population of Command Neurons in the Lamprey
... and Cohen, 1982; Ohta and Grillner, 1989). Earlier experiments have shown that some RS neurons, when stimulated at high frequency, may exert a detectable effect on the output of spinal locomotor networks (Rovainen, 1967; Buchanan and Cohen, 1982). When discharging at normal frequencies, however, onl ...
... and Cohen, 1982; Ohta and Grillner, 1989). Earlier experiments have shown that some RS neurons, when stimulated at high frequency, may exert a detectable effect on the output of spinal locomotor networks (Rovainen, 1967; Buchanan and Cohen, 1982). When discharging at normal frequencies, however, onl ...
Learning place cells, grid cells and invariances: A unifying model
... spheres in two dimensions; compare [41]. We find that the spacing of this pattern is determined by the inhibitory smoothness, whereas the orientation and the phase of the grid depend in decreasing order on the random initialization of the input tuning, the trajectories and the initial synaptic weigh ...
... spheres in two dimensions; compare [41]. We find that the spacing of this pattern is determined by the inhibitory smoothness, whereas the orientation and the phase of the grid depend in decreasing order on the random initialization of the input tuning, the trajectories and the initial synaptic weigh ...
Temporal and spatial alterations in GPi neuronal encoding might
... dopamine depletion in Parkinson’s disease, hence the appearance of major motor symptoms, such as bradykinesia, due to an inability to select properly one motor program. However, this hypothesis does not take into account the time dimension underlying motor control (Roux et al., 2003) in spite of the ...
... dopamine depletion in Parkinson’s disease, hence the appearance of major motor symptoms, such as bradykinesia, due to an inability to select properly one motor program. However, this hypothesis does not take into account the time dimension underlying motor control (Roux et al., 2003) in spite of the ...
Seeing faces and objects with the “mind`s eye”
... regions of the distributed network that mediates face perception (Haxby et al., 2000; Ishai et al., 2005; Fairhall and Ishai, 2007), whereas visual imagery of famous faces activated small subsets of these face-responsive regions. Visual imagery of famous faces activated a network of regions that inc ...
... regions of the distributed network that mediates face perception (Haxby et al., 2000; Ishai et al., 2005; Fairhall and Ishai, 2007), whereas visual imagery of famous faces activated small subsets of these face-responsive regions. Visual imagery of famous faces activated a network of regions that inc ...
Axo-axonic synapses formed by somatostatin
... Received 16 February 2001; Revised 18 May 2001; Accepted 25 June 2001 Published online the week of December 17, 2001 ...
... Received 16 February 2001; Revised 18 May 2001; Accepted 25 June 2001 Published online the week of December 17, 2001 ...
Simultaneous Two-Photon Calcium Imaging of Entire Cortical
... in living coronal brain slices (typically ~400 μm thick). Even though many long-range axonal inputs to cortical columns within each slice are severed, this reductionist approach has provided a wealth of insight into layer-specific physiological properties of neurons and interlaminar flow of neural i ...
... in living coronal brain slices (typically ~400 μm thick). Even though many long-range axonal inputs to cortical columns within each slice are severed, this reductionist approach has provided a wealth of insight into layer-specific physiological properties of neurons and interlaminar flow of neural i ...
Disentanglement of local field potential sources by independent
... standard analysis techniques, e.g., spectral decomposition or current source density (CSD) analysis of raw LFPs can satisfactorily separate and localize different cellular generators of LFPs. More recent approaches based on coherence analysis (Kocsis et al. 1999; Montgomery et al. 2009), principal c ...
... standard analysis techniques, e.g., spectral decomposition or current source density (CSD) analysis of raw LFPs can satisfactorily separate and localize different cellular generators of LFPs. More recent approaches based on coherence analysis (Kocsis et al. 1999; Montgomery et al. 2009), principal c ...
... In this dissertation we address the issue of understanding the phenomenon of human emotions. To do so we pose the question of how we can construct biologically plausible embodied models of emotions. The motivation to ask this question is based on our strong belief that we can understand the nature o ...
Visual Stimulation Regulates the Expression of Transcription Factors
... adapt to the modified stimulus (Merzenich and Sameshima, 1993; O’Leary et al., 1994). The levels of various neurotrophins, neurotransmitter/receptor systems, structural proteins, and intracellular second messengers are modulated by synaptic stimulation (Hendry and Kennedy, 1986; Castren et al., 1992 ...
... adapt to the modified stimulus (Merzenich and Sameshima, 1993; O’Leary et al., 1994). The levels of various neurotrophins, neurotransmitter/receptor systems, structural proteins, and intracellular second messengers are modulated by synaptic stimulation (Hendry and Kennedy, 1986; Castren et al., 1992 ...
Stimulation Within the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Can Evoke
... of the ipsilateral segmental ventral root and their morphology and location in the intermediolateral cell column and intercalated nucleus. In all SPNs, electrical stimulation of the RVLM evoked fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) that were mediated by non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and ...
... of the ipsilateral segmental ventral root and their morphology and location in the intermediolateral cell column and intercalated nucleus. In all SPNs, electrical stimulation of the RVLM evoked fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) that were mediated by non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and ...