Mirror neuron functioning: an explanation for
... Research as described above does makes it likely to believe that humans are in the possession of a system resembling to the one found in monkeys. However, a recent article by Turella and colleagues (2007) argues that from the great range of research on the topic of mirror neurons in humans, due to i ...
... Research as described above does makes it likely to believe that humans are in the possession of a system resembling to the one found in monkeys. However, a recent article by Turella and colleagues (2007) argues that from the great range of research on the topic of mirror neurons in humans, due to i ...
Move to the rhythm: oscillations in the subthalamic nucleus–external
... The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical brain nuclei involved in voluntary movement, association, cognition and emotion [1–6]. Reciprocally connected glutamatergic neurons of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and GABAergic neurons of the external globus pallidus (GPe) form a key network within the ...
... The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical brain nuclei involved in voluntary movement, association, cognition and emotion [1–6]. Reciprocally connected glutamatergic neurons of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and GABAergic neurons of the external globus pallidus (GPe) form a key network within the ...
Context Dependency in the Globus Pallidus Internal Segment
... animal was required to move to within ⫾8° of the target within 2 s of the movement trigger. On target acquisition, both LEDs were turned off. At the completion of a fixed 500 ms hold period in the instructed target window, a liquid reward was delivered. Following reward delivery, the animal usually ...
... animal was required to move to within ⫾8° of the target within 2 s of the movement trigger. On target acquisition, both LEDs were turned off. At the completion of a fixed 500 ms hold period in the instructed target window, a liquid reward was delivered. Following reward delivery, the animal usually ...
Methods of Studying The Nervous System - U
... Gene Knockout Techniques • PROBLEMS: (1) Most behaviors are determined by multiple genes (2) Eliminating one gene usually alters the expression of other genes (3) Gene expression dependent upon experience, which may be altered by the absence of the missing gene Pinel's Biopsychology, 5th Ed. ...
... Gene Knockout Techniques • PROBLEMS: (1) Most behaviors are determined by multiple genes (2) Eliminating one gene usually alters the expression of other genes (3) Gene expression dependent upon experience, which may be altered by the absence of the missing gene Pinel's Biopsychology, 5th Ed. ...
Dopamine is produced in the rat spinal cord and regulates
... neurons and the pontine micturition center. Here we show that DA is produced in the rat spinal cord and modulates the bladder reflex. We observed numerous tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)+ neurons in the autonomic nuclei and superficial dorsal horn in L6–S3 spinal segments. These neurons are dopamine-β-hydro ...
... neurons and the pontine micturition center. Here we show that DA is produced in the rat spinal cord and modulates the bladder reflex. We observed numerous tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)+ neurons in the autonomic nuclei and superficial dorsal horn in L6–S3 spinal segments. These neurons are dopamine-β-hydro ...
Sympathetic nervous system and inflammation: A conceptual view
... [pelvic organs], regulation of energy balance and nutrition [including the gastrointestinal tract], regulation of circadian timing of body functions, regulation of body protection [including the immune defense]). We have some knowledge about the central circuits involved in cardiovascular regulation ...
... [pelvic organs], regulation of energy balance and nutrition [including the gastrointestinal tract], regulation of circadian timing of body functions, regulation of body protection [including the immune defense]). We have some knowledge about the central circuits involved in cardiovascular regulation ...
Neural Interaction in Cat Primary Auditory Cortex. Dependence on
... injection site and would therefore not lie in the same isofrequency band as the injection. The labeling appeared discrete with patches separated by - 1 mm over an up to 8mm range dominantly in layers I-III but also in layer V. Injections in layer IV produce axon collateral spread in layer I over a d ...
... injection site and would therefore not lie in the same isofrequency band as the injection. The labeling appeared discrete with patches separated by - 1 mm over an up to 8mm range dominantly in layers I-III but also in layer V. Injections in layer IV produce axon collateral spread in layer I over a d ...
Anatomofunctional organization of the ventral primary motor and
... In each penetration, ICMS was performed at every 500 lm of depth (i.e. in one step out of two), starting 500 lm below the site where the first multi-unit activity was detected. At each site, ICMS was delivered when the monkey was quiet and relaxed, and those cases in which monkeys performed voluntar ...
... In each penetration, ICMS was performed at every 500 lm of depth (i.e. in one step out of two), starting 500 lm below the site where the first multi-unit activity was detected. At each site, ICMS was delivered when the monkey was quiet and relaxed, and those cases in which monkeys performed voluntar ...
The mirror mechanism: recent findings and perspectives
... code the goal of the motor acts [28]. Evidence supporting this point is provided by neurons that discharge when the monkey grasps an object (e.g. food) with its right hand, left hand and the mouth [7]. It is clear that this type of neural behaviour cannot be explained in terms of movements. Addition ...
... code the goal of the motor acts [28]. Evidence supporting this point is provided by neurons that discharge when the monkey grasps an object (e.g. food) with its right hand, left hand and the mouth [7]. It is clear that this type of neural behaviour cannot be explained in terms of movements. Addition ...
Document
... • Researchers have long been struck by the fact that the highest proportion of REM sleep is seen during the most active phase of brain development. ...
... • Researchers have long been struck by the fact that the highest proportion of REM sleep is seen during the most active phase of brain development. ...
A Model of Surround Suppression Through Cortical Feedback
... All five V1 regions send feedforward projections to the V2 region. The feedforward projections originate from the V1 neurons and terminate on both excitatory and inhibitory neurons within the V2 region. The output weights extending from one V1 neuron take on a Gaussian pattern which is identical for ...
... All five V1 regions send feedforward projections to the V2 region. The feedforward projections originate from the V1 neurons and terminate on both excitatory and inhibitory neurons within the V2 region. The output weights extending from one V1 neuron take on a Gaussian pattern which is identical for ...
Calcium Influx and Protein Phosphorylation Mediate the Metabolic
... Reiness and Weinberg, 198 1; Salpeter, 1987). The aim of the present study was to analyze the signaling mechanisms by which the motor nerve regulates metabolic stabilization of the synaptic AChRs in rat muscle. The nerve-induced metabolic stability of synaptic AChRs is a remarkably persistent phenom ...
... Reiness and Weinberg, 198 1; Salpeter, 1987). The aim of the present study was to analyze the signaling mechanisms by which the motor nerve regulates metabolic stabilization of the synaptic AChRs in rat muscle. The nerve-induced metabolic stability of synaptic AChRs is a remarkably persistent phenom ...
PubMed Central CANADA
... Fransson & Marrelec, 2008; Grady et al., 2010; Greicius et al., 2003; Greicius, Supekar, Menon, & Dougherty, 2009) have shown evidence of functional connectivity (FC) among these putative DN regions, mostly concentrating on major nodes, such as the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). The DN may reflec ...
... Fransson & Marrelec, 2008; Grady et al., 2010; Greicius et al., 2003; Greicius, Supekar, Menon, & Dougherty, 2009) have shown evidence of functional connectivity (FC) among these putative DN regions, mostly concentrating on major nodes, such as the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). The DN may reflec ...
Information processing in the cortex: The relevance of coherent oscillations for neuronal communication
... for excitatory neurons and I for inhibitory ones). Several different (and sometimes reduced) cases of this type of network have been studied. Eeckman & Freeman (1990) developed a model for induced rhythms in olfactory structures, in which synchronous oscillation was generated by a feedback loop betw ...
... for excitatory neurons and I for inhibitory ones). Several different (and sometimes reduced) cases of this type of network have been studied. Eeckman & Freeman (1990) developed a model for induced rhythms in olfactory structures, in which synchronous oscillation was generated by a feedback loop betw ...
AMPA Receptor Calcium Permeability, GluR2
... triggering neuronal death (Brorson et al., 1994). Therefore, the divergence in relative Ca 21 permeability of AMPA receptors between different neuronal cell types could be an important determinant of selective neuronal vulnerability (PellegriniGiampietro et al., 1997). It has been proposed that the ...
... triggering neuronal death (Brorson et al., 1994). Therefore, the divergence in relative Ca 21 permeability of AMPA receptors between different neuronal cell types could be an important determinant of selective neuronal vulnerability (PellegriniGiampietro et al., 1997). It has been proposed that the ...
Purves ch. 8 + Kandel ch. 23 - Weizmann Institute of Science
... Four major types of encapsulated mechanoreceptors are specialized to provide information to the central nervous system about touch, pressure, vibration, and cutaneous tension: Meissner’s corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, Merkel’s disks, and Ruffini’s corpuscles (Figure 8.3 and Table 8.1). These recep ...
... Four major types of encapsulated mechanoreceptors are specialized to provide information to the central nervous system about touch, pressure, vibration, and cutaneous tension: Meissner’s corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, Merkel’s disks, and Ruffini’s corpuscles (Figure 8.3 and Table 8.1). These recep ...
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor mRNA Expression in the Brain of the Teleost
... pairwise alignments, which revealed a high level of nucleotide (87–88% with other teleost fish) and protein (ranging from 79 to 97% for all species examined) identity between the cloned sequence and other BDNF sequences from various species but lower identity level (^58%) with other neurotrophin ami ...
... pairwise alignments, which revealed a high level of nucleotide (87–88% with other teleost fish) and protein (ranging from 79 to 97% for all species examined) identity between the cloned sequence and other BDNF sequences from various species but lower identity level (^58%) with other neurotrophin ami ...
A Monosynaptic GABAergic Input from the Inferior Colliculus to the
... nuclei, inhibitory inputs come from local interneurons or intrathalamic neurons (for review, see Sherman and Koch, 1986; Steriade and Llinas, 1988). For example, in the lateral geniculate body, ascending inputs can excite directly the interneurons, which in turn inhibit thalamocortical neurons (Hirs ...
... nuclei, inhibitory inputs come from local interneurons or intrathalamic neurons (for review, see Sherman and Koch, 1986; Steriade and Llinas, 1988). For example, in the lateral geniculate body, ascending inputs can excite directly the interneurons, which in turn inhibit thalamocortical neurons (Hirs ...
Neurotransmitter Transporters
... movement of Cl 2 into the cell, while excitatory amino acid transporters are dependent on external H 1 and internal K 1 levels, but not that of Cl 2 . The movement of ions and transmitter during uptake occurs in a defined ratio, with one to several ions coupled to the movement of one molecule of tran ...
... movement of Cl 2 into the cell, while excitatory amino acid transporters are dependent on external H 1 and internal K 1 levels, but not that of Cl 2 . The movement of ions and transmitter during uptake occurs in a defined ratio, with one to several ions coupled to the movement of one molecule of tran ...
pdf, 1 MiB - Infoscience
... corresponding detailed list of sentences from neuroscientific articles. For example, Supplementary Figure 3 displays the extracted sentences between the Allen Brain Atlas regions “Periaqueductal gray” and “Nucleus accumbens.” Each sentence is itself linked to PubMed so that the user can go back to t ...
... corresponding detailed list of sentences from neuroscientific articles. For example, Supplementary Figure 3 displays the extracted sentences between the Allen Brain Atlas regions “Periaqueductal gray” and “Nucleus accumbens.” Each sentence is itself linked to PubMed so that the user can go back to t ...
INFUSION OF NERVE GROWTH FACTOR (NGF) INTO KITTEN
... dominance plasticity (Lodovichi et al., 2000). In addition, anti-NGF antibodies prevent normal anatomical and physiological development of the visual system when they are administered to rats by implantation of antibody-secreting hybridoma cells in the lateral ventricle (Berardi et al., 1994). These ...
... dominance plasticity (Lodovichi et al., 2000). In addition, anti-NGF antibodies prevent normal anatomical and physiological development of the visual system when they are administered to rats by implantation of antibody-secreting hybridoma cells in the lateral ventricle (Berardi et al., 1994). These ...
Aggregate Input-Output Models of Neuronal Populations
... order statistics such as cross-correlation and coherence measures are often used to gauge the relationship between the spiking activity of pairs of neurons [4], [5]. However, these are limited measures that provide snapshots of interactions between individual neurons from different regions. They she ...
... order statistics such as cross-correlation and coherence measures are often used to gauge the relationship between the spiking activity of pairs of neurons [4], [5]. However, these are limited measures that provide snapshots of interactions between individual neurons from different regions. They she ...
Olfactory Coding in the Honeybee Lateral Horn
... map that could serve a basic odor recognition function. Our data demonstrate the existence of such odor-specific maps at the input to the LH. These maps are specific and allow predicting the bees’ olfactory generalization. The intensity of activation induced by different odors in the LH was highly c ...
... map that could serve a basic odor recognition function. Our data demonstrate the existence of such odor-specific maps at the input to the LH. These maps are specific and allow predicting the bees’ olfactory generalization. The intensity of activation induced by different odors in the LH was highly c ...
Tese final so frentes - Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa
... that motor neuron degeneration is caused by a complex interaction between multiple pathogenic processes. The mechanisms of motor neuron degeneration are best understood in the subtype of disease caused by mutations in the enzyme superoxide dismutase 1. This enzyme is enrolled in the degradation of f ...
... that motor neuron degeneration is caused by a complex interaction between multiple pathogenic processes. The mechanisms of motor neuron degeneration are best understood in the subtype of disease caused by mutations in the enzyme superoxide dismutase 1. This enzyme is enrolled in the degradation of f ...
Insular cortex – review
... repugnant than it really was. After that, subjects reported the taste to be less aversive than when they had a truthful information about the nature of the taste. Brain imaging also showed reduced activity in the primary gustatory cortex. Similar study referring on the modulation of our taste percep ...
... repugnant than it really was. After that, subjects reported the taste to be less aversive than when they had a truthful information about the nature of the taste. Brain imaging also showed reduced activity in the primary gustatory cortex. Similar study referring on the modulation of our taste percep ...