the mirror-neuron system - UCSF Center for Integrative Neuroscience
... of them, the effective observed and executed actions are virtually identical (strictly congruent neurons); in the remaining, the effective observed and executed actions are similar or functionally related (broadly congruent neurons). More intriguing are the properties of the communicative mirror neu ...
... of them, the effective observed and executed actions are virtually identical (strictly congruent neurons); in the remaining, the effective observed and executed actions are similar or functionally related (broadly congruent neurons). More intriguing are the properties of the communicative mirror neu ...
the mirror-neuron system - Psychology and Neuroscience
... of them, the effective observed and executed actions are virtually identical (strictly congruent neurons); in the remaining, the effective observed and executed actions are similar or functionally related (broadly congruent neurons). More intriguing are the properties of the communicative mirror neu ...
... of them, the effective observed and executed actions are virtually identical (strictly congruent neurons); in the remaining, the effective observed and executed actions are similar or functionally related (broadly congruent neurons). More intriguing are the properties of the communicative mirror neu ...
Neuregulin-1/ErbB4 signaling regulates Kv4.2-mediated - AJP-Cell
... Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) is a member of a family of neurotrophic factors that is required for the differentiation, migration, and development of neurons. NRG-1 signaling is thought to contribute to both neuronal development and the neuropathology of schizophrenia, which is believed to be a neurodevelopm ...
... Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) is a member of a family of neurotrophic factors that is required for the differentiation, migration, and development of neurons. NRG-1 signaling is thought to contribute to both neuronal development and the neuropathology of schizophrenia, which is believed to be a neurodevelopm ...
J. Neurophysiol. - Nonlinear Dynamics Group
... neuron can provide a clue that helps to identify its layer localization. INTRODUCTION ...
... neuron can provide a clue that helps to identify its layer localization. INTRODUCTION ...
Original Article Female Rat Hippocampal Cell
... belong to a large family of G protein-coupled receptors and play an important physiological role (Piestrzeniewicz et al., 2006). Recent reports support the view that the hippocampus is also involved in addiction to opiates and other drugs. Some studies suggest that the hippocampus is important for r ...
... belong to a large family of G protein-coupled receptors and play an important physiological role (Piestrzeniewicz et al., 2006). Recent reports support the view that the hippocampus is also involved in addiction to opiates and other drugs. Some studies suggest that the hippocampus is important for r ...
Increased responses in trigeminocervical nociceptive neurons to cervical input after
... The receptive ®eld of each neuron was tested systematically using a range of different stimuli. The cutaneous facial and cervical receptive ®eld, including the cornea, was assessed in all three trigeminal innervation territories and upper cervical roots, respectively. Additionally, input from subocc ...
... The receptive ®eld of each neuron was tested systematically using a range of different stimuli. The cutaneous facial and cervical receptive ®eld, including the cornea, was assessed in all three trigeminal innervation territories and upper cervical roots, respectively. Additionally, input from subocc ...
Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms
... activate the thalamus and the cerebral cortex. A key switch in the hypothalamus shuts off this arousal system during sleep. Other hypothalamic neurons stabilize the switch, and their absence results in inappropriate switching of behavioural states, such as occurs in narcolepsy. These findings explai ...
... activate the thalamus and the cerebral cortex. A key switch in the hypothalamus shuts off this arousal system during sleep. Other hypothalamic neurons stabilize the switch, and their absence results in inappropriate switching of behavioural states, such as occurs in narcolepsy. These findings explai ...
Frontal lobe and cognitive development
... Frontal lobe and cognitive development arborization of dendrites. Perinatally, as in later life, the development of both the axons and dendrites of frontal areas seems to lag chronologically behind that of other cortical areas (Huttenlocher, 1990; Mrzljak et al., 1990; Scheibel, 1990). Given the ro ...
... Frontal lobe and cognitive development arborization of dendrites. Perinatally, as in later life, the development of both the axons and dendrites of frontal areas seems to lag chronologically behind that of other cortical areas (Huttenlocher, 1990; Mrzljak et al., 1990; Scheibel, 1990). Given the ro ...
Stereoscopic Mechanisms in Monkey Visual Cortex: Binocular
... The brain utilizes the signalsfrom the 2 eyes to recover the relative depth of objects.Wheatstone (1838) first demonstrated that a difference, or disparity, in the relative horizontal position of the object’s imagesin the 2 eyescan generatean impression of depth and solidity. Julesz(1960, 1971)later ...
... The brain utilizes the signalsfrom the 2 eyes to recover the relative depth of objects.Wheatstone (1838) first demonstrated that a difference, or disparity, in the relative horizontal position of the object’s imagesin the 2 eyescan generatean impression of depth and solidity. Julesz(1960, 1971)later ...
Oxidative stress-driven parvalbumin interneuron impairment as a
... Parvalbumin inhibitory interneurons (PVIs) are crucial for maintaining proper excitatory/inhibitory balance and high-frequency neuronal synchronization. Their activity supports critical developmental trajectories, sensory and cognitive processing, and social behavior. Despite heterogeneity in the et ...
... Parvalbumin inhibitory interneurons (PVIs) are crucial for maintaining proper excitatory/inhibitory balance and high-frequency neuronal synchronization. Their activity supports critical developmental trajectories, sensory and cognitive processing, and social behavior. Despite heterogeneity in the et ...
Role of Feedforward and Feedback Projections in Figure
... receptive fields of cells in the primary visual cortex follows a retino-topical organization and provides a topographic map of the visual world. Simple cells have an elongated receptive field structure, with an excitatory central oval and an inhibitory surrounding region (Hubel & Wiesel, 1968). In o ...
... receptive fields of cells in the primary visual cortex follows a retino-topical organization and provides a topographic map of the visual world. Simple cells have an elongated receptive field structure, with an excitatory central oval and an inhibitory surrounding region (Hubel & Wiesel, 1968). In o ...
PDF of this article
... al. (26) have demonstrated that complete lesioning of the globus pallidus causes a slight increase in the firing rate of subthalamic neurons, which is far less pronounced than the increase observed in animals with nigrostriatal damage. These data suggest that an additional, if not alternative, expla ...
... al. (26) have demonstrated that complete lesioning of the globus pallidus causes a slight increase in the firing rate of subthalamic neurons, which is far less pronounced than the increase observed in animals with nigrostriatal damage. These data suggest that an additional, if not alternative, expla ...
Inferior Parietal Lobule Function in Spatial Perception and
... receptive fields, indicating a greater degree of integration of visual information. It differs from lower-order sensory areas in that it has strong connections with diverse cortical structures such as limbic cortical regions believed to be important for emotions and drives, ventral temporal lobe are ...
... receptive fields, indicating a greater degree of integration of visual information. It differs from lower-order sensory areas in that it has strong connections with diverse cortical structures such as limbic cortical regions believed to be important for emotions and drives, ventral temporal lobe are ...
MAY 5, 2000 Submitted to the Annual Review of Neuroscience AN
... patterns of activity that represent goals and the means to achieve them. They provide bias signals throughout much of the rest of the brain, affecting not only visual processes, but also other sensory modalities, as well as systems responsible for response execution, memory retrieval, emotional eval ...
... patterns of activity that represent goals and the means to achieve them. They provide bias signals throughout much of the rest of the brain, affecting not only visual processes, but also other sensory modalities, as well as systems responsible for response execution, memory retrieval, emotional eval ...
Coordinated Optimization of Visual Cortical Maps
... disregarded transient states that could in principle dominate developmental optimization on biologically relevant timescales. Such transient solutions are expected to be more irregular than the final attractor states. Analytical results were obtained using a perturbative treatment close to the patte ...
... disregarded transient states that could in principle dominate developmental optimization on biologically relevant timescales. Such transient solutions are expected to be more irregular than the final attractor states. Analytical results were obtained using a perturbative treatment close to the patte ...
Spontaneous Spike Activity of Spinoreticular Tract Neurons During
... moderate level of EMG activity, and little or no EOG and PGO wave activity (Figures 2, 3). The group mean spontaneous spike rate for the same SRT neurons measured 19.1 spikes/s±3.5 (range: 5.2-41.4) and did not significantly differ from values obtained during quiet wakefulness, (p>0.05). The state o ...
... moderate level of EMG activity, and little or no EOG and PGO wave activity (Figures 2, 3). The group mean spontaneous spike rate for the same SRT neurons measured 19.1 spikes/s±3.5 (range: 5.2-41.4) and did not significantly differ from values obtained during quiet wakefulness, (p>0.05). The state o ...
Surface-view connectivity patterns of area 18 in cats
... (Fig. 1A), patches of cells in area 17 were seen immediately medial to the respective injection sites, and the rostrocaudal positions of these patches reflected the placement of the associated injections. This arrangement of area 17 inputs to area 18, as revealed by the locations of patches of retro ...
... (Fig. 1A), patches of cells in area 17 were seen immediately medial to the respective injection sites, and the rostrocaudal positions of these patches reflected the placement of the associated injections. This arrangement of area 17 inputs to area 18, as revealed by the locations of patches of retro ...
Control of Appetite and Food Preference by NMDA Receptor and Its
... that influence homeostatic appetite can also affect the hedonic aspect of appetite. Furthermore, the melanocortin system is capable of regulating mesocorticolimbic activity and food seeking behavior [29]. In summary, internal metabolic and physiological signals can affect both aspects of appetite, a ...
... that influence homeostatic appetite can also affect the hedonic aspect of appetite. Furthermore, the melanocortin system is capable of regulating mesocorticolimbic activity and food seeking behavior [29]. In summary, internal metabolic and physiological signals can affect both aspects of appetite, a ...
mechanism of action of anxiolytics
... been used to map the relative distributions of CRF-1 and CRF-2 receptors in the rat brain (11,12). High expression of CRF-1 receptors was seen in the pituitary, and in a number of brain regions including the PVN of the hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, olfactory bulb, cerebellar cortex, and basolateral ...
... been used to map the relative distributions of CRF-1 and CRF-2 receptors in the rat brain (11,12). High expression of CRF-1 receptors was seen in the pituitary, and in a number of brain regions including the PVN of the hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, olfactory bulb, cerebellar cortex, and basolateral ...
GABA - International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences
... The inhibitory neurotransmitter, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), activates a variety of receptors in all areas of the central nervous system (CNS). GABA acts at inhibitory synapses in the brain by binding to specific transmembrane receptors in the plasma membrane of both pre and postsynaptic neuronal pr ...
... The inhibitory neurotransmitter, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), activates a variety of receptors in all areas of the central nervous system (CNS). GABA acts at inhibitory synapses in the brain by binding to specific transmembrane receptors in the plasma membrane of both pre and postsynaptic neuronal pr ...
Chemosensory pathways in the brainstem controlling
... Cardiorespiratory activity is controlled by a network of neurons located within the lower brainstem. The basic rhythm of breathing is generated by neuronal circuits within the medullary pre-Bötzinger complex, modulated by pontine and other inputs from cell groups within the medulla oblongata and th ...
... Cardiorespiratory activity is controlled by a network of neurons located within the lower brainstem. The basic rhythm of breathing is generated by neuronal circuits within the medullary pre-Bötzinger complex, modulated by pontine and other inputs from cell groups within the medulla oblongata and th ...
Chapter 5 - Wake Forest University
... from the behaviors that the animal can no longer perform after the area has been damaged. • For example, if, after part of the brain has been destroyed, an animal can no longer perform tasks that require vision, we can conclude that the animal is blind—and that the damaged area plays some role in vi ...
... from the behaviors that the animal can no longer perform after the area has been damaged. • For example, if, after part of the brain has been destroyed, an animal can no longer perform tasks that require vision, we can conclude that the animal is blind—and that the damaged area plays some role in vi ...
Starosta, S., Güntürkün, O., Stüttgen, M.C., Stimulus
... these neurons generalize across types of events (e.g. firing for both reward-predicting cues and rewarding outcomes) and c) if NCL neurons fire when expectations are violated, such as when a predicted reward fails to materialize. We designed a task which allows for the assessment of the subjective p ...
... these neurons generalize across types of events (e.g. firing for both reward-predicting cues and rewarding outcomes) and c) if NCL neurons fire when expectations are violated, such as when a predicted reward fails to materialize. We designed a task which allows for the assessment of the subjective p ...
Large brains and cognition: Where do elephants fit in?
... are those in which highly coordinated, fine-grained cognitive responses would appear to be paramount. Another biological difference influencing cognitive behavior involves those responses where binocular vision could play a major role. Elephants have much less binocular overlap and possibly weaker vis ...
... are those in which highly coordinated, fine-grained cognitive responses would appear to be paramount. Another biological difference influencing cognitive behavior involves those responses where binocular vision could play a major role. Elephants have much less binocular overlap and possibly weaker vis ...
Exercise and Anxiety Take Home Messages
... i. why? Exercise →↓ anxiety and depression, which reduce negative feedback 4. Exercise → ↑ adrenal sensitivity to ACTH 5. Exercise promotes faster mounting and resolution of stress response and behavior a. Exercise reduces the possibility of overexposure to glucocorticoids during stress 6. Exercis ...
... i. why? Exercise →↓ anxiety and depression, which reduce negative feedback 4. Exercise → ↑ adrenal sensitivity to ACTH 5. Exercise promotes faster mounting and resolution of stress response and behavior a. Exercise reduces the possibility of overexposure to glucocorticoids during stress 6. Exercis ...