Cortex, Cognition and the Cell: New Insights into the Pyramidal
... ignored by many. The irony is that, while particular cortical areas such as the primary visual area or the primary somatosensory area have become the focus of intensive research because they are uniquely identifiable, findings on the structure and function of these cortical areas, in many cases, con ...
... ignored by many. The irony is that, while particular cortical areas such as the primary visual area or the primary somatosensory area have become the focus of intensive research because they are uniquely identifiable, findings on the structure and function of these cortical areas, in many cases, con ...
View PDF - Laboratory of Brain, Hearing and Behavior
... performance after focal SC inactivation of the representation of the target stimulus. Downward black arrow indicates the decreased performance caused by SC inactivation. From [16!!]. (b) Discriminability of the strongest (highest priority) stimulus by neuronal responses in the owl OT as a function o ...
... performance after focal SC inactivation of the representation of the target stimulus. Downward black arrow indicates the decreased performance caused by SC inactivation. From [16!!]. (b) Discriminability of the strongest (highest priority) stimulus by neuronal responses in the owl OT as a function o ...
Distribution of neurons in functional areas of the mouse cerebral
... The distribution of neurons across the surface of cerebral cortex is of functional interest, given that the number of neurons is likely to contribute to the capabilities of each functional area (Leingärtner et al., 2007), but it is also of considerable evolutionary and developmental interest. While ...
... The distribution of neurons across the surface of cerebral cortex is of functional interest, given that the number of neurons is likely to contribute to the capabilities of each functional area (Leingärtner et al., 2007), but it is also of considerable evolutionary and developmental interest. While ...
PDF - Folia Biologica
... one of the most important events in the history of the vertebrate brain. This complicated process peaked in the human brain. In the human neocortex are deposited structural and functional mechanisms of language, thinking, planning and other cognitive functions that significantly differentiate human b ...
... one of the most important events in the history of the vertebrate brain. This complicated process peaked in the human brain. In the human neocortex are deposited structural and functional mechanisms of language, thinking, planning and other cognitive functions that significantly differentiate human b ...
The Classical Complement Cascade Mediates
... RGCs that were acutely isolated (Figure 1B) as well as in situ hybridization on whole retina (Figure 1C). We found that C1q mRNA levels were highest in postnatal RGCs between P5 and P10 and declined significantly by P30 (Figures 1B and 1C). Thus, C1q mRNA is expressed by RGCs in vitro in response to ...
... RGCs that were acutely isolated (Figure 1B) as well as in situ hybridization on whole retina (Figure 1C). We found that C1q mRNA levels were highest in postnatal RGCs between P5 and P10 and declined significantly by P30 (Figures 1B and 1C). Thus, C1q mRNA is expressed by RGCs in vitro in response to ...
MECHANISMS OF CENTRAL TRANSMISSION OF RESPIRATORY
... a) Primary activation of inspiratory neurons combined with reciprocal secondary inhibition of expiratory neurons. b) Primary inhibition d expiratory neurons which in time will lead to disinhibitioln of inspiratory neurons. c) General activation of reticular activity causing increased firing of inspi ...
... a) Primary activation of inspiratory neurons combined with reciprocal secondary inhibition of expiratory neurons. b) Primary inhibition d expiratory neurons which in time will lead to disinhibitioln of inspiratory neurons. c) General activation of reticular activity causing increased firing of inspi ...
Identified nerve cells and insect behavior
... complex, and so studies of their organization typically have not yielded completely defined circuits as are known from some other invertebrates. However, several important findings have emerged. Analysis of neuronal oscillators for rhythmic behavior have delineated a profound influence of sensory fe ...
... complex, and so studies of their organization typically have not yielded completely defined circuits as are known from some other invertebrates. However, several important findings have emerged. Analysis of neuronal oscillators for rhythmic behavior have delineated a profound influence of sensory fe ...
Neuronal and microglial cathepsins in aging and age
... cathepsin S activity secreted from both macrophages and microglia (Petanceska et al., 1996). This may suggest that cathepsin S plays a role in degenerative disorders because cathepsin S degrades components of extracellular matrix proteins even at neutral pH. Cathepsin B was also secreted from immort ...
... cathepsin S activity secreted from both macrophages and microglia (Petanceska et al., 1996). This may suggest that cathepsin S plays a role in degenerative disorders because cathepsin S degrades components of extracellular matrix proteins even at neutral pH. Cathepsin B was also secreted from immort ...
PDF File - Max-Planck
... MARK2 mRNA in the CP and VZ/SVZ, where NeuN staining is excluded (brown), and lower expression levels in the IZ (A, coronal view; B, sagittal view). Bⴕ, No signal was detected using the sense probe. C, PAK5 mRNA is more abundant in the CP and IZ than in the VZ/SVZ of E14 mouse embryos brains. D, In ...
... MARK2 mRNA in the CP and VZ/SVZ, where NeuN staining is excluded (brown), and lower expression levels in the IZ (A, coronal view; B, sagittal view). Bⴕ, No signal was detected using the sense probe. C, PAK5 mRNA is more abundant in the CP and IZ than in the VZ/SVZ of E14 mouse embryos brains. D, In ...
Structure, Function, and Pharmacology of NMDA Receptor Channels
... GluD (δ) receptors. Properties of all ionotropic glutamate receptors have been recently reviewed in detail by Traynelis et al. (2010). NMDA receptors in particular have received much attention over the last few decades, due to their key role in many types of neural plasticity on the one hand, and th ...
... GluD (δ) receptors. Properties of all ionotropic glutamate receptors have been recently reviewed in detail by Traynelis et al. (2010). NMDA receptors in particular have received much attention over the last few decades, due to their key role in many types of neural plasticity on the one hand, and th ...
Neurophysiological involvement in hypervolemic hyponatremia
... stimulation, observations have also revealed that the number of Fos-positive cells in the OVLT, the SON and PVN was similar between wild-type and TRPV1-/- mice after osmotic stimulation [35]. This finding suggests that individual TRPV channels may partially contribute to the osmotic reactions of osm ...
... stimulation, observations have also revealed that the number of Fos-positive cells in the OVLT, the SON and PVN was similar between wild-type and TRPV1-/- mice after osmotic stimulation [35]. This finding suggests that individual TRPV channels may partially contribute to the osmotic reactions of osm ...
Neuronal responses to face-like and facial stimuli in the monkey
... that includes the SC and is common to many vertebrates, and also suggest that this system may not be sensitive to face differences among the species. Furthermore, non-invasive human studies of patients with blindsight have suggested that the subcortical route, including the SC, the pulvinar, and the ...
... that includes the SC and is common to many vertebrates, and also suggest that this system may not be sensitive to face differences among the species. Furthermore, non-invasive human studies of patients with blindsight have suggested that the subcortical route, including the SC, the pulvinar, and the ...
Formation of Neuronal Pathways in the lmaginal Discs of Drosophila
... antigen because (7 ) in all of the tissues that we have examined, including the antennae, eyes, halteres, and body wall muscles, MAb 21 A4 stains all known sensory neurons as well as motor axons, and (2) the same neurons in the peripheral nervous system were stained when antibodies specific for HRP ...
... antigen because (7 ) in all of the tissues that we have examined, including the antennae, eyes, halteres, and body wall muscles, MAb 21 A4 stains all known sensory neurons as well as motor axons, and (2) the same neurons in the peripheral nervous system were stained when antibodies specific for HRP ...
The Effect of Movement Rate and Complexity on
... data on the anatomical images and identifying standard landmarks, data from each subject were transformed into the standardized coordinate system of Talairach and Tournoux (Talairach & Tournoux, 1988). Functional data were blurred using a 4 mm full width half maximum Gaussian filter. These data were ...
... data on the anatomical images and identifying standard landmarks, data from each subject were transformed into the standardized coordinate system of Talairach and Tournoux (Talairach & Tournoux, 1988). Functional data were blurred using a 4 mm full width half maximum Gaussian filter. These data were ...
The orbitofrontal cortex: Neuronal activity in the behaving monkey
... standard protocol: (1) when the monkey was sitting quietly (spontaneous activity), (2) as the experimenter reached behind a screen to retrieve an object from a tray that was out of the monkey's sight, (3) as the experimenter's arm was gradually brought back into view, (4) as the object was introduce ...
... standard protocol: (1) when the monkey was sitting quietly (spontaneous activity), (2) as the experimenter reached behind a screen to retrieve an object from a tray that was out of the monkey's sight, (3) as the experimenter's arm was gradually brought back into view, (4) as the object was introduce ...
PDF of article - Janelia Research Campus
... The Drosophila brain is formed by an invariant set of lineages, each of which is derived from a unique neural stem cell (neuroblast) and forms a genetic and structural unit of the brain. The task of reconstructing brain circuitry at the level of individual neurons can be made significantly easier by ...
... The Drosophila brain is formed by an invariant set of lineages, each of which is derived from a unique neural stem cell (neuroblast) and forms a genetic and structural unit of the brain. The task of reconstructing brain circuitry at the level of individual neurons can be made significantly easier by ...
14132.full - Explore Bristol Research
... forward sensory information to the cerebellum via spino-olivo-cerebellar pathways (nociceptive signals are reduced while proprioceptive signals are enhanced); (2) alterations in cerebellar nuclear output as revealed by changes in expression of Fos-like immunoreactivity; and (3) regulation of spinal ...
... forward sensory information to the cerebellum via spino-olivo-cerebellar pathways (nociceptive signals are reduced while proprioceptive signals are enhanced); (2) alterations in cerebellar nuclear output as revealed by changes in expression of Fos-like immunoreactivity; and (3) regulation of spinal ...
Action recognition in the premotor cortex
... 'grasping' mirror neurons. Some grasping mirror neurons stopped firing almost immediately as the hand grabbed the object, others continued to discharge for a while after the end of the action. An example of a grasping mirror neuron is shown in Fig. 1. Each trial started with the stimulus presentatio ...
... 'grasping' mirror neurons. Some grasping mirror neurons stopped firing almost immediately as the hand grabbed the object, others continued to discharge for a while after the end of the action. An example of a grasping mirror neuron is shown in Fig. 1. Each trial started with the stimulus presentatio ...
Hunger Modulates the Responses to Gustatory Stimuli
... stimuli, and did not respond to somatosensory stimulation (see Rolls et al., in preparation). The stimuli to which different neurons responded best included glucose, blackcurrant juice, water, and NaCI, with HCI and quinine hydrochloride being relatively ineffective gustatory stimuli for the majorit ...
... stimuli, and did not respond to somatosensory stimulation (see Rolls et al., in preparation). The stimuli to which different neurons responded best included glucose, blackcurrant juice, water, and NaCI, with HCI and quinine hydrochloride being relatively ineffective gustatory stimuli for the majorit ...
A Neurodynamical cortical model of visual attention and
... stimulus at a particular location or with a particular feature biases this competition in favour of neurons that respond to the location of or the features in the attended stimulus. This attentional effect is produced by generating signals in areas outside the visual cortical areas which are then fed ...
... stimulus at a particular location or with a particular feature biases this competition in favour of neurons that respond to the location of or the features in the attended stimulus. This attentional effect is produced by generating signals in areas outside the visual cortical areas which are then fed ...
Short title: Thalamocortical computations during tactile sensation
... inhibition from FS neurons prevents activity in L4 excitatory neurons. Brief and strong touch- ...
... inhibition from FS neurons prevents activity in L4 excitatory neurons. Brief and strong touch- ...
Burst Firing and Modulation of Functional Connectivity in Cat Striate
... of information lies not only in finding representation schemes but also in elucidating mechanisms by which these schemes can be decoded. Even though more information could be encoded in random patterns that are measured very precisely, the time constants of pyramidal cortical neurons (e.g., 7.3 { 2. ...
... of information lies not only in finding representation schemes but also in elucidating mechanisms by which these schemes can be decoded. Even though more information could be encoded in random patterns that are measured very precisely, the time constants of pyramidal cortical neurons (e.g., 7.3 { 2. ...
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... the cell membranes in the intra- and extracellular spaces. The portion of these currents that flows through the extracellular space is directly responsible for the generation of field potentials (Fig. 2.3). Particular significance must be ascribed to the synaptic processes as causing events for the ...
... the cell membranes in the intra- and extracellular spaces. The portion of these currents that flows through the extracellular space is directly responsible for the generation of field potentials (Fig. 2.3). Particular significance must be ascribed to the synaptic processes as causing events for the ...
View/Open - eDiss - Georg-August
... 1.1 Communication and its sensory aspects Communication is a very much fascinating thing. Its study has helped in the general understanding of motor and sensory systems, evolution, and speciation. A major appeal of studying communication is that a researcher can quantify how biologically important i ...
... 1.1 Communication and its sensory aspects Communication is a very much fascinating thing. Its study has helped in the general understanding of motor and sensory systems, evolution, and speciation. A major appeal of studying communication is that a researcher can quantify how biologically important i ...