Free recall and recognition in a network model of the... simulating effects of scopolamine on human memory function
... Fig. 3. (A) Anatomical connectivity of the hippocampal formation. Connections between the hippocampus and multimodal association cortices pass through the entorhinal cortex. (1) Fibers of the perforant path connect entorhinal cortex layers II and III with the dentate gyrus. (2) The dentate gyrus pro ...
... Fig. 3. (A) Anatomical connectivity of the hippocampal formation. Connections between the hippocampus and multimodal association cortices pass through the entorhinal cortex. (1) Fibers of the perforant path connect entorhinal cortex layers II and III with the dentate gyrus. (2) The dentate gyrus pro ...
Wang et al 2photon calcium imaging of odor in fly brain cell 2003
... signal-to-noise ratio is high with $F/F reaching up to 120% in response to odors over a base line noise level of less than 4%. The spatial resolution (0.5 # 0.5 # 2 "m) allows discrimination among neighboring glomeruli with confidence. At low odor concentrations, the glomerular response is sparse. E ...
... signal-to-noise ratio is high with $F/F reaching up to 120% in response to odors over a base line noise level of less than 4%. The spatial resolution (0.5 # 0.5 # 2 "m) allows discrimination among neighboring glomeruli with confidence. At low odor concentrations, the glomerular response is sparse. E ...
the premotor cortex of the monkey
... be distinguished from the rostrally adjacent frontal granular cortex on cytoarchitectonic grounds. This definition is consistent with the earliest views of the premotor cortex (e.g., Bucy and Fulton, 1933, Bucy, 1935) as well as with recent reviews by Humphrey (1979)3and Wiesendanger (1981). The wor ...
... be distinguished from the rostrally adjacent frontal granular cortex on cytoarchitectonic grounds. This definition is consistent with the earliest views of the premotor cortex (e.g., Bucy and Fulton, 1933, Bucy, 1935) as well as with recent reviews by Humphrey (1979)3and Wiesendanger (1981). The wor ...
Optogenetic drive of neocortical pyramidal neurons generates fMRI
... Author Manuscript Brain Res. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 May 20. ...
... Author Manuscript Brain Res. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 May 20. ...
ALS - AJNR Blog
... • Evidence of UMN degeneration by clinical examination • Progressive spread of symptoms or signs within a region or to other regions (The body is divided into four regions: cranial, cervical, thoracic and lumbosacral) ...
... • Evidence of UMN degeneration by clinical examination • Progressive spread of symptoms or signs within a region or to other regions (The body is divided into four regions: cranial, cervical, thoracic and lumbosacral) ...
General Cortical and Special Prefrontal Connections: Principles
... rule was illustrated by the connections of the primary visual cortex (V1). Neurons in layer 3 of V1 project to neighboring area V2, where their axons terminate focally in layer 4. Reciprocal and denser pathways emanate from neurons in the deep layers (5 and 6) of V2, and their axons terminate mostly ...
... rule was illustrated by the connections of the primary visual cortex (V1). Neurons in layer 3 of V1 project to neighboring area V2, where their axons terminate focally in layer 4. Reciprocal and denser pathways emanate from neurons in the deep layers (5 and 6) of V2, and their axons terminate mostly ...
PDF file
... takes place inside an internal hidden area and, thus, their states are hidden from the external world, not directly observable and interactively teachable by the external world. This results in their lack of effective mechanism for state equivalence and skill transfer (discussed below). The theory h ...
... takes place inside an internal hidden area and, thus, their states are hidden from the external world, not directly observable and interactively teachable by the external world. This results in their lack of effective mechanism for state equivalence and skill transfer (discussed below). The theory h ...
Parallel Transformation of Tactile Signals in Central Circuits of
... characteristic and reliable positions of their cell bodies, as well as their intrinsic properties: recorded neurons in each class had a characteristic input resistance, resting membrane potential, and spike waveform. We were able to reliably record from midline local and projection neurons by target ...
... characteristic and reliable positions of their cell bodies, as well as their intrinsic properties: recorded neurons in each class had a characteristic input resistance, resting membrane potential, and spike waveform. We were able to reliably record from midline local and projection neurons by target ...
Comparative neuronal morphology of the
... Axelrad, 1996), very few cerebellar neurons have been digitally reconstructed relative to those in the neocortex and hippocampus (Halavi et al., 2012). In fact, it is revealing that, of the 10,004 digital reconstructions currently in the online repository at Neuromorpho.org, only 24 are cerebellar n ...
... Axelrad, 1996), very few cerebellar neurons have been digitally reconstructed relative to those in the neocortex and hippocampus (Halavi et al., 2012). In fact, it is revealing that, of the 10,004 digital reconstructions currently in the online repository at Neuromorpho.org, only 24 are cerebellar n ...
E ffects of different kinds of acute stress on nerve growth factor
... activation of the HPAA [13,20]. The observed change of NGF concentration in the amygdala after the experience of an acute threat is a new finding. The relevance of NGF changes in the amygdala for the processing of fear is not understood, yet it may be speculated that NGF plays an important role. One ...
... activation of the HPAA [13,20]. The observed change of NGF concentration in the amygdala after the experience of an acute threat is a new finding. The relevance of NGF changes in the amygdala for the processing of fear is not understood, yet it may be speculated that NGF plays an important role. One ...
Neuronal basis of contrast discrimination
... Cox et al., 1996; Engel, Glover & Wandell, 1997). The polar angle component of the retinotopic map was measured by recording fMRI responses as a stimulus slowly rotated (like the second hand of a clock) in the visual field. The stimulus was shaped like a wedge that covered 1/8th of the screen, and w ...
... Cox et al., 1996; Engel, Glover & Wandell, 1997). The polar angle component of the retinotopic map was measured by recording fMRI responses as a stimulus slowly rotated (like the second hand of a clock) in the visual field. The stimulus was shaped like a wedge that covered 1/8th of the screen, and w ...
Alexander et al., 2009
... can be achieved using Cre-driven transgenic or knock-in animal lines, or through the administration of a second virus-driving expression of Cre-recombinase. This Cre-recombination virus is often another AAV, which is also injected at the soma level. Sometimes, however, projection-specific manipulati ...
... can be achieved using Cre-driven transgenic or knock-in animal lines, or through the administration of a second virus-driving expression of Cre-recombinase. This Cre-recombination virus is often another AAV, which is also injected at the soma level. Sometimes, however, projection-specific manipulati ...
Fine-scale specificity of cortical networks depends on inhibitory cell
... neurons, differential interference contrast (DIC) optics were used to target recordings to one pyramidal neuron and one inhibitory interneuron (Fig. 1a,b). Inhibitory neurons were classified as either fast-spiking or adapting on the basis of their intrinsic firing properties in response to intracell ...
... neurons, differential interference contrast (DIC) optics were used to target recordings to one pyramidal neuron and one inhibitory interneuron (Fig. 1a,b). Inhibitory neurons were classified as either fast-spiking or adapting on the basis of their intrinsic firing properties in response to intracell ...
ORGANIZATION OF NEUROPIL
... used in different ways by a number of authors, and is not a precisely defined concept (see Herrick, 1948; Dempsey and Luse, 1958; Friede, 1960). Classically it is an anatomical term referring to regions of the central nervous system composed of tangles or meshworks of nerve processes and non-neural ...
... used in different ways by a number of authors, and is not a precisely defined concept (see Herrick, 1948; Dempsey and Luse, 1958; Friede, 1960). Classically it is an anatomical term referring to regions of the central nervous system composed of tangles or meshworks of nerve processes and non-neural ...
Axon Physiology - Physiological Reviews
... and contact several hundreds of target neurons locally or distally. But, the function of the axon is not purely limited to the conduction of the action potential from the site of initiation near the cell body to the terminal. Recent experimental findings shed new light on the functional and computat ...
... and contact several hundreds of target neurons locally or distally. But, the function of the axon is not purely limited to the conduction of the action potential from the site of initiation near the cell body to the terminal. Recent experimental findings shed new light on the functional and computat ...
FEATURE ARTICLE Cortical Auditory Adaptation
... in vitro adaptation: a Na1-dependent K1 current and an apaminsensitive K1 current. Our results suggest that potassium currents underlie at least part of cortical auditory adaptation during the awake state. Keywords: auditory circuits, auditory cortex, auditory processing, cortical slices, forward ma ...
... in vitro adaptation: a Na1-dependent K1 current and an apaminsensitive K1 current. Our results suggest that potassium currents underlie at least part of cortical auditory adaptation during the awake state. Keywords: auditory circuits, auditory cortex, auditory processing, cortical slices, forward ma ...
an integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function
... maintenance of patterns of activity that represent goals and the means to achieve them. They provide bias signals throughout much of the rest of the brain, affecting not only visual processes but also other sensory modalities, as well as systems responsible for response execution, memory retrieval, ...
... maintenance of patterns of activity that represent goals and the means to achieve them. They provide bias signals throughout much of the rest of the brain, affecting not only visual processes but also other sensory modalities, as well as systems responsible for response execution, memory retrieval, ...
On the computational architecture of the neocortex
... hooked together in ever larger configurations and still function, with ever increasing subtlety, to both analyze sensory input and organize motor actions. Even in producing the most remarkable achievement of the brain - language - the areas of the brain involved have used the identical structure. Th ...
... hooked together in ever larger configurations and still function, with ever increasing subtlety, to both analyze sensory input and organize motor actions. Even in producing the most remarkable achievement of the brain - language - the areas of the brain involved have used the identical structure. Th ...
The Central Nervous System
... • Rapid opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels • Na+ entry causes rapid depolarization ...
... • Rapid opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels • Na+ entry causes rapid depolarization ...
specification of synaptic connections mediating the simple stretch
... and they develop a phenotype that is also appropriate for this location. Although these experiments examined the fate of autonomic rather than sensory neurones, it seemed possible that a similar result might apply to sensory neurones as well. We tested this idea by replacing the single brachial DRG ...
... and they develop a phenotype that is also appropriate for this location. Although these experiments examined the fate of autonomic rather than sensory neurones, it seemed possible that a similar result might apply to sensory neurones as well. We tested this idea by replacing the single brachial DRG ...
Looking for the roots of cortical sensory computation in three
... out the possibility of some fine-scale topographical mapping of OB projections (e.g. mitral versus tufted cell projections [38]), it is now accepted that the glomerular clustering of olfactory receptor cells axons in OB is entirely discarded at the level of PCx [39]. In DCx, early tracing studies f ...
... out the possibility of some fine-scale topographical mapping of OB projections (e.g. mitral versus tufted cell projections [38]), it is now accepted that the glomerular clustering of olfactory receptor cells axons in OB is entirely discarded at the level of PCx [39]. In DCx, early tracing studies f ...
Circuit Architecture of VTA Dopamine Neurons Revealed by
... To restrict our analysis specifically to VTA-DA and VTA-GABA neurons, we used DAT-Cre mice, in which Cre mimics the expression pattern of the plasma membrane dopamine transporter (Bäckman et al., 2006; Lammel et al., 2015), and GAD2Cre mice, in which Cre mimics the expression of glutamic acid decar ...
... To restrict our analysis specifically to VTA-DA and VTA-GABA neurons, we used DAT-Cre mice, in which Cre mimics the expression pattern of the plasma membrane dopamine transporter (Bäckman et al., 2006; Lammel et al., 2015), and GAD2Cre mice, in which Cre mimics the expression of glutamic acid decar ...
Propagation of cortical synfire activity: survival probability in single
... 3.5. Synaptic background activity It has long ago been suggested that the large ¯uctuations of the membrane potential, exhibited by neurons under in vivo conditions, can be accounted for by the varying number of synaptic events impinging on a neuron at any time (Calvin & Stevens, 1968). Presumably, ...
... 3.5. Synaptic background activity It has long ago been suggested that the large ¯uctuations of the membrane potential, exhibited by neurons under in vivo conditions, can be accounted for by the varying number of synaptic events impinging on a neuron at any time (Calvin & Stevens, 1968). Presumably, ...
Implantable microcoils for intracortical magnetic
... Neural prostheses that can reliably and effectively activate the cortex have the potential to treat a wide range of neurological and psychiatric disorders (1–4). However, effective activation is difficult, given the large diversity of cell types within the cortex coupled with an inability to selecti ...
... Neural prostheses that can reliably and effectively activate the cortex have the potential to treat a wide range of neurological and psychiatric disorders (1–4). However, effective activation is difficult, given the large diversity of cell types within the cortex coupled with an inability to selecti ...