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... Among the different stages of the explicit matching approaches, the correspondence problem is believed to be the most challenging step; i.e., the problem of matching each pixel of one image to a pixel in the other [22]. Solutions to the correspondence problem have been explored using area-based, fea ...
... Among the different stages of the explicit matching approaches, the correspondence problem is believed to be the most challenging step; i.e., the problem of matching each pixel of one image to a pixel in the other [22]. Solutions to the correspondence problem have been explored using area-based, fea ...
22 The Anatomy and Physiology of the Motor System in Humans
... Most of these pioneering authors also commented on the complexity of the observed arrangement and the early researchers also reported on many complex features of primary motor cortex organization, such as overlapping functional codes of different movements and dynamic changes of function performed b ...
... Most of these pioneering authors also commented on the complexity of the observed arrangement and the early researchers also reported on many complex features of primary motor cortex organization, such as overlapping functional codes of different movements and dynamic changes of function performed b ...
Calcium Regulation of Dendritic Growth via CaM Kinase IV and
... few days (Wu et al., 1999). During this period of rapid dendritic growth, synaptic currents are principally mediated by NMDA receptors, and pharmacological blockade of NMDA receptors markedly reduces dendritic growth rates (Rajan and Cline, 1998). While these observations indicate that afferent acti ...
... few days (Wu et al., 1999). During this period of rapid dendritic growth, synaptic currents are principally mediated by NMDA receptors, and pharmacological blockade of NMDA receptors markedly reduces dendritic growth rates (Rajan and Cline, 1998). While these observations indicate that afferent acti ...
Synaptic Targets of Medial Septal Projections in the Hippocampus
... or dendrites immunopositive for interneuron cell-type molecular markers, such as parvalbumin, calbindin, calretinin, N-terminal EFhand calcium-binding protein 1, cholecystokinin, reelin, or a combination of these molecules. Electron microscopic observations revealed septal boutons forming axosomatic ...
... or dendrites immunopositive for interneuron cell-type molecular markers, such as parvalbumin, calbindin, calretinin, N-terminal EFhand calcium-binding protein 1, cholecystokinin, reelin, or a combination of these molecules. Electron microscopic observations revealed septal boutons forming axosomatic ...
Critical role of extracellularly secreted neuronal pentraxin 1 in
... Background: Developing brain is highly susceptible to hypoxic-ischemic injury leading to severe neurological disabilities in surviving infants and children. Previously we reported induction of neuronal pentraxin 1 (NP1) in hypoxic-ischemic injury in neonatal brain and NP1 co-localization with the ex ...
... Background: Developing brain is highly susceptible to hypoxic-ischemic injury leading to severe neurological disabilities in surviving infants and children. Previously we reported induction of neuronal pentraxin 1 (NP1) in hypoxic-ischemic injury in neonatal brain and NP1 co-localization with the ex ...
Understanding Circuit Dynamics Using the Stomatogastric Nervous
... The stomatogastric nervous system (STNS). (a) Side view of a lobster showing the position of the stomach and the STNS. CoG, commissural ganglion; STG, stomatogastric ganglion. (b) Side view of the lobster stomach showing the muscles that move the pylorus and gastric mill, the ganglia of the STNS, an ...
... The stomatogastric nervous system (STNS). (a) Side view of a lobster showing the position of the stomach and the STNS. CoG, commissural ganglion; STG, stomatogastric ganglion. (b) Side view of the lobster stomach showing the muscles that move the pylorus and gastric mill, the ganglia of the STNS, an ...
Glia–Neuron Interactions in Nervous System Function
... Before embarking on a discussion of glia–neuron interactions, it is important to define each cell type. This is no small matter, since valid comparisons of glia–neuron interactions across diVerent species rest on the assumption that ...
... Before embarking on a discussion of glia–neuron interactions, it is important to define each cell type. This is no small matter, since valid comparisons of glia–neuron interactions across diVerent species rest on the assumption that ...
extracellular and intracellular signaling for neuronal polarity
... types of proteins and organelles and thus differ in both function and morphology (FIGURE 1). Dendrites are relatively short and thick, and in most excitatory neurons, they possess dendritic spines. Functionally, dendrites receive chemical signals from other neurons through neurotransmitter receptors ...
... types of proteins and organelles and thus differ in both function and morphology (FIGURE 1). Dendrites are relatively short and thick, and in most excitatory neurons, they possess dendritic spines. Functionally, dendrites receive chemical signals from other neurons through neurotransmitter receptors ...
the primate amygdala: neuronal representations of
... that the macaque closed the mouth to try to reject the stimulus; and ⫺2 indicates that the macaque used the hand to push away the stimulus from the mouth (Rolls et al., 1977, 1989). This rating scale has been extensively validated by comparison with neuronal activity in the lateral hypothalamus and ...
... that the macaque closed the mouth to try to reject the stimulus; and ⫺2 indicates that the macaque used the hand to push away the stimulus from the mouth (Rolls et al., 1977, 1989). This rating scale has been extensively validated by comparison with neuronal activity in the lateral hypothalamus and ...
Caudo‐rostral brain spreading of α‐synuclein through vagal
... antibodies. Confocal images show an area comprising neurons in the DMnX (X) and hypoglossal nucleus (XII). While VAchT immunoreactivity labeled neurons in both nuclei (green), ha-syn staining was only present in the DMnX (red) where it co-localized with the cholinergic marker (merged image). These o ...
... antibodies. Confocal images show an area comprising neurons in the DMnX (X) and hypoglossal nucleus (XII). While VAchT immunoreactivity labeled neurons in both nuclei (green), ha-syn staining was only present in the DMnX (red) where it co-localized with the cholinergic marker (merged image). These o ...
- CUNY Academic Works
... (VTA) and projects to forebrain regions such as the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), amygdala (AMG) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). These forebrain regions will be referred to as the DA terminal regions. The neural mechanisms underlying this type of rewardrelated learning in this system are not fully understo ...
... (VTA) and projects to forebrain regions such as the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), amygdala (AMG) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). These forebrain regions will be referred to as the DA terminal regions. The neural mechanisms underlying this type of rewardrelated learning in this system are not fully understo ...
New Roles for the External Globus Pallidus in Basal Ganglia Circuits
... GABAergic inputs to the subtantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), and the resulting reduction in SNr activity helps release actions (Hikosaka and Wurtz, 1983). Stop cue processing initially involves much faster signaling through STN (⬃15 ms latencies), providing glutamatergic inputs to the same SNr neu ...
... GABAergic inputs to the subtantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), and the resulting reduction in SNr activity helps release actions (Hikosaka and Wurtz, 1983). Stop cue processing initially involves much faster signaling through STN (⬃15 ms latencies), providing glutamatergic inputs to the same SNr neu ...
Passive Properties of Swimmeret Motor Neurons
... either oscillating or oscillating and firing in phase with the swimmeret motor pattern had lower average membrane potentials and longer time constants than those that were not oscillating. When the state of the swimmeret system changed from quiescence to continuous production of the motor pattern, t ...
... either oscillating or oscillating and firing in phase with the swimmeret motor pattern had lower average membrane potentials and longer time constants than those that were not oscillating. When the state of the swimmeret system changed from quiescence to continuous production of the motor pattern, t ...
Table of Contents - The Mind Project
... PKD-like conditions in the rats, and later to take electrical and chemical readings of what is happening in and around dopamine neurons. Students are testing a well-known theory; they collect data, and then interpret that data to see if it supports their hypothesis. www.mind.ilstu.edu ...
... PKD-like conditions in the rats, and later to take electrical and chemical readings of what is happening in and around dopamine neurons. Students are testing a well-known theory; they collect data, and then interpret that data to see if it supports their hypothesis. www.mind.ilstu.edu ...
Physiology of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH): Beyond
... The expression of brain GnRHR occurs after birth and is restricted to postmitotic neurons [25]; this excludes their involvement in neuronal embryonic development and suggests a possible role in postnatal development or in brain plasticity. Actually, activation of GnRHR alters the electrical properti ...
... The expression of brain GnRHR occurs after birth and is restricted to postmitotic neurons [25]; this excludes their involvement in neuronal embryonic development and suggests a possible role in postnatal development or in brain plasticity. Actually, activation of GnRHR alters the electrical properti ...
Ciccarelli 2: The Biological Perspective
... • Parts of a Neuron – dendrites: branch-like structures that receive messages from other neurons – soma: the cell body of the neuron, responsible for maintaining the life of the cell – axon: long, tube-like structure that carries the neural message to other cells ...
... • Parts of a Neuron – dendrites: branch-like structures that receive messages from other neurons – soma: the cell body of the neuron, responsible for maintaining the life of the cell – axon: long, tube-like structure that carries the neural message to other cells ...
Cell-Type Specific Channelopathies in the Prefrontal Cortex of the
... We tested the hypothesis that the absence of FMRP has different effects on the function of a single type of ion channel in PFC, a brain region containing a heterogeneous neuron population and that is implicated in behavioral deficits associated with FXS (Menon et al., 2004; Krueger et al., 2011; Wan ...
... We tested the hypothesis that the absence of FMRP has different effects on the function of a single type of ion channel in PFC, a brain region containing a heterogeneous neuron population and that is implicated in behavioral deficits associated with FXS (Menon et al., 2004; Krueger et al., 2011; Wan ...
Multisensory anatomical pathways - Centre de Recherche Cerveau
... 2008 for recent reviews) and highlight that the mechanisms for multisensory interplay are believed to include several levels of brain processing, from the thalamus to the primary sensory areas and higher stages of sensory processing. Such an increase in the diversity of the pathways by which multise ...
... 2008 for recent reviews) and highlight that the mechanisms for multisensory interplay are believed to include several levels of brain processing, from the thalamus to the primary sensory areas and higher stages of sensory processing. Such an increase in the diversity of the pathways by which multise ...
Arc mRNA induction in striatal efferent neurons associated with response learning
... The dorsal striatum is involved in motor-response learning, but the extent to which distinct populations of striatal efferent neurons are differentially involved in such learning is unknown. Activity-regulated, cytoskeleton-associated (Arc) protein is an effector immediate– early gene implicated in ...
... The dorsal striatum is involved in motor-response learning, but the extent to which distinct populations of striatal efferent neurons are differentially involved in such learning is unknown. Activity-regulated, cytoskeleton-associated (Arc) protein is an effector immediate– early gene implicated in ...
The neuronal structure of the medial geniculate body in the pig
... (15–30 mm) into secondary dendrites. The secondary dendrites branch at a different distance from the cell body. Sporadically, undivided dendrites are also observed. The length of the primary and secondary dendrites is almost equal but the tertiary branches are usually prominently longer. The dendrit ...
... (15–30 mm) into secondary dendrites. The secondary dendrites branch at a different distance from the cell body. Sporadically, undivided dendrites are also observed. The length of the primary and secondary dendrites is almost equal but the tertiary branches are usually prominently longer. The dendrit ...
Chapter 9 Sleep and Biological Rhythms
... REM sleep behavior disorder A neurological disorder in which the person does not become paralyzed during REM sleep and thus acts out dreams Appears to be a neurodegenerative disorder with at least some genetic component ...
... REM sleep behavior disorder A neurological disorder in which the person does not become paralyzed during REM sleep and thus acts out dreams Appears to be a neurodegenerative disorder with at least some genetic component ...
The occipitoparietal pathway of the macaque monkey: comparison
... visual areas located in the parietal and temporal lobes. Connections between areas in these two pathways are lamina-specific, and contrasting patterns of laminar origin and termination of pathways have been used to arrange visual areas into anatomical hierarchies (Rockland and Pandya, 1979; Wong-Ril ...
... visual areas located in the parietal and temporal lobes. Connections between areas in these two pathways are lamina-specific, and contrasting patterns of laminar origin and termination of pathways have been used to arrange visual areas into anatomical hierarchies (Rockland and Pandya, 1979; Wong-Ril ...
Relationship of Activity in the Subthalamic Nucleus–Globus Pallidus
... Rhythmic activity in STN and GP neurons was lost when the cortex was inactivated by spreading depression and did not resume until SWA had recovered. ...
... Rhythmic activity in STN and GP neurons was lost when the cortex was inactivated by spreading depression and did not resume until SWA had recovered. ...
Dopamine and adaptive memory - Shohamy Lab
... review see [6]). This research demonstrated that the hippocampus supports a specialized system for creating episodic memories of everyday events, and that this episodic system is distinct and dissociable from brain systems responsible for other kinds of memory (e.g. emotional memory, habit learning, ...
... review see [6]). This research demonstrated that the hippocampus supports a specialized system for creating episodic memories of everyday events, and that this episodic system is distinct and dissociable from brain systems responsible for other kinds of memory (e.g. emotional memory, habit learning, ...