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... the cell membranes in the intra- and extracellular spaces. The portion of these currents that flows through the extracellular space is directly responsible for the generation of field potentials (Fig. 2.3). Particular significance must be ascribed to the synaptic processes as causing events for the ...
... the cell membranes in the intra- and extracellular spaces. The portion of these currents that flows through the extracellular space is directly responsible for the generation of field potentials (Fig. 2.3). Particular significance must be ascribed to the synaptic processes as causing events for the ...
Optophysiological analysis of associational circuits in the olfactory
... direct input from the olfactory bulb (OB), and includes the anterior and posterior piriform cortices (aPC and pPC), anterior olfactory nucleus (AON), olfactory tubercle, entorhinal cortex, dorsal peduncular cortex, ventral tenia tecta, and cortical areas associated with the amygdala (Luskin and Pric ...
... direct input from the olfactory bulb (OB), and includes the anterior and posterior piriform cortices (aPC and pPC), anterior olfactory nucleus (AON), olfactory tubercle, entorhinal cortex, dorsal peduncular cortex, ventral tenia tecta, and cortical areas associated with the amygdala (Luskin and Pric ...
Control of breathing by interacting pontine and
... 1998). Similarly, Jodkowski et al. (1994) showed that electrical and chemical lesions in the ventrolateral pons produced apneustic breathing in vagotomized rats. At the same time, apneustic breathing is not usually developed if the vagi remained intact and can be reversed by vagal stimulation, sugge ...
... 1998). Similarly, Jodkowski et al. (1994) showed that electrical and chemical lesions in the ventrolateral pons produced apneustic breathing in vagotomized rats. At the same time, apneustic breathing is not usually developed if the vagi remained intact and can be reversed by vagal stimulation, sugge ...
Hemispheric Asymmetry Reduction in Older Adults
... One of the first activation studies of cognitive aging was that of Grady et al. (1994) on visual perception. During face matching, older adults showed weaker activity than younger adults showed in the occipital cortex but stronger activity in more anterior brain ...
... One of the first activation studies of cognitive aging was that of Grady et al. (1994) on visual perception. During face matching, older adults showed weaker activity than younger adults showed in the occipital cortex but stronger activity in more anterior brain ...
An Integrative Theory on Prefrontal Cortex Function
... maintenance of patterns of activity that represent goals and the means to achieve them. They provide bias signals throughout much of the rest of the brain, affecting not only visual processes but also other sensory modalities, as well as systems responsible for response execution, memory retrieval, ...
... maintenance of patterns of activity that represent goals and the means to achieve them. They provide bias signals throughout much of the rest of the brain, affecting not only visual processes but also other sensory modalities, as well as systems responsible for response execution, memory retrieval, ...
The affective and cognitive processing of touch, oral texture, and
... mainly from functional neuroimaging with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This evidence is complemented by fMRI and single neuron studies that show how another set of somatosensory and temperature inputs, from the oral cavity, provides information about the texture and temperature of st ...
... mainly from functional neuroimaging with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This evidence is complemented by fMRI and single neuron studies that show how another set of somatosensory and temperature inputs, from the oral cavity, provides information about the texture and temperature of st ...
Caffeine promotes glutamate and histamine release in the posterior
... ANOVA; Fig. 1A]. The enzymatic glutamate biosensor recording also showed that glutamate levels remained elevated compared with prior spontaneous active waking for ⬎2 h (as in the microdialysis samples). The time course of this change can be seen in Fig. 1B. The sensor data provided data on the time ...
... ANOVA; Fig. 1A]. The enzymatic glutamate biosensor recording also showed that glutamate levels remained elevated compared with prior spontaneous active waking for ⬎2 h (as in the microdialysis samples). The time course of this change can be seen in Fig. 1B. The sensor data provided data on the time ...
Spiking Neurons - Computing Science and Mathematics
... This definition of rate has been successfully used in many preparations , particularly in experiments on sensory or motor systems. A classicalexample is the stretch receptor in a muscle spindle [Adrian, 1926] . The number of spikes emitted by the receptor neuron increaseswith the force applied to th ...
... This definition of rate has been successfully used in many preparations , particularly in experiments on sensory or motor systems. A classicalexample is the stretch receptor in a muscle spindle [Adrian, 1926] . The number of spikes emitted by the receptor neuron increaseswith the force applied to th ...
studying the isolated central nervous system
... specific directional information along all five arms, and this was stopped if the radial nerve was cut. If the cut was half-way along one of the other arms, the direction change of pointing would take place over the whole of the starfish up to the position of the cut, but the tube feet beyond the cu ...
... specific directional information along all five arms, and this was stopped if the radial nerve was cut. If the cut was half-way along one of the other arms, the direction change of pointing would take place over the whole of the starfish up to the position of the cut, but the tube feet beyond the cu ...
contextual influences on visual processing
... and the type of illumination. The challenge facing the visual system is to extract the “meaning” of the image by decomposing it into its environmental causes. For each local region of the image, that extraction of meaning is only possible if information from other regions is taken into account. Of p ...
... and the type of illumination. The challenge facing the visual system is to extract the “meaning” of the image by decomposing it into its environmental causes. For each local region of the image, that extraction of meaning is only possible if information from other regions is taken into account. Of p ...
Program - Albion
... particular memory trace. This sparse encoding makes it difficult to study the cellular and molecular changes associated with learning. In this lecture I will discuss recent results from our lab and others that seek to develop genetic tools to target the sparse subset of neurons associated with a ...
... particular memory trace. This sparse encoding makes it difficult to study the cellular and molecular changes associated with learning. In this lecture I will discuss recent results from our lab and others that seek to develop genetic tools to target the sparse subset of neurons associated with a ...
Afferents of dopamine neurons
... Yung, Bolam, Smith, Hersch, Ciliax & Levey (1995). Neuroscience. 65 :709-730 ...
... Yung, Bolam, Smith, Hersch, Ciliax & Levey (1995). Neuroscience. 65 :709-730 ...
Full PDF
... It is clear that hypocretinergic neurons exhibit unique characteristics that provide them with the capability of serving as the key component of a command system for survival behaviors. Hypocretinergic neurons are few in number and all are located in a discrete region of the lateral hypothalamus (10 ...
... It is clear that hypocretinergic neurons exhibit unique characteristics that provide them with the capability of serving as the key component of a command system for survival behaviors. Hypocretinergic neurons are few in number and all are located in a discrete region of the lateral hypothalamus (10 ...
The effect of lithium on the adrenoceptor
... been well characterized pharmacologically and, more recently, the use of molecular biology techniques has provided new information about the structure and functional domains of these receptors. The central noradrenergic system is implicated in the hypothesis concerning the origin of depression, and ...
... been well characterized pharmacologically and, more recently, the use of molecular biology techniques has provided new information about the structure and functional domains of these receptors. The central noradrenergic system is implicated in the hypothesis concerning the origin of depression, and ...
Optogenetic Brain Interfaces
... The work of R. Pashaie was supported in part by the University of Wisconsin research growth initiative; grants 101X172, 101X213, and 101X254. The work of P. Anikeeva was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF, MRSEC DMR-0819762, and NSF CAREER CBET-1253890) and by the Defense Advanced Res ...
... The work of R. Pashaie was supported in part by the University of Wisconsin research growth initiative; grants 101X172, 101X213, and 101X254. The work of P. Anikeeva was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF, MRSEC DMR-0819762, and NSF CAREER CBET-1253890) and by the Defense Advanced Res ...
Altered fear learning across development in both mouse and human
... Psychobiology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065; and dDepartment of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016 ...
... Psychobiology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065; and dDepartment of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016 ...
Impaired Cl Extrusion in Layer V Pyramidal Neurons of Chronically
... the undercut and control group was surprising because previous experiments have shown decreased KCC2 immunoreactivity in neurons of layer V of undercut cortex (Prince et al. 2000; D. A. Prince, unpublished data) and decreased KCC2 expression resulting in a positive shift in ECl and depolarizing GABA ...
... the undercut and control group was surprising because previous experiments have shown decreased KCC2 immunoreactivity in neurons of layer V of undercut cortex (Prince et al. 2000; D. A. Prince, unpublished data) and decreased KCC2 expression resulting in a positive shift in ECl and depolarizing GABA ...
Brain regions involved in heading estimation and steering control in
... & Bonnas, 2002) support Gibson’s claim that optic flow guides human locomotion and proposed instead an egocentric hypothesis, which hypothesizes that goal-directed locomotion can be achieved when an observer aligns his or her body with the goal without optic flow aiding the observer. These discrepan ...
... & Bonnas, 2002) support Gibson’s claim that optic flow guides human locomotion and proposed instead an egocentric hypothesis, which hypothesizes that goal-directed locomotion can be achieved when an observer aligns his or her body with the goal without optic flow aiding the observer. These discrepan ...
Structural and functional architecture of respiratory networks in the
... circuit components that constitute the neural machinery for generating respiratory rhythm and shaping inspiratory and expiratory motor patterns are distributed among three adjacent structural compartments in the ventrolateral medulla: the Bötzinger complex (BötC), pre-Bötzinger complex (pre-BötC ...
... circuit components that constitute the neural machinery for generating respiratory rhythm and shaping inspiratory and expiratory motor patterns are distributed among three adjacent structural compartments in the ventrolateral medulla: the Bötzinger complex (BötC), pre-Bötzinger complex (pre-BötC ...
Amygdala Modulation of Cerebellar Learning
... Figure 1A shows the onsets and offsets of the stimuli used in delay eyeblink conditioning (dEBC). The sampling window for each trial was 1000 ms, consisting of a 300 ms baseline period, 400 ms CS period, 25 ms US period, and 275 ms post-US period. The CS was an 85 dB, 2.0 kHz pure tone. The mean int ...
... Figure 1A shows the onsets and offsets of the stimuli used in delay eyeblink conditioning (dEBC). The sampling window for each trial was 1000 ms, consisting of a 300 ms baseline period, 400 ms CS period, 25 ms US period, and 275 ms post-US period. The CS was an 85 dB, 2.0 kHz pure tone. The mean int ...
A Simple Biophysically Plausible Model for Long Time
... Eq. (1) presents two major challenges for a biological circuit: 1. In order for the model to describe neural firing and behavioral effects up to long time scales, there should be neurons with time constants on the order of that time scale. The time constant of each unit in Eq. (1) is 1/s. 2. Rapid e ...
... Eq. (1) presents two major challenges for a biological circuit: 1. In order for the model to describe neural firing and behavioral effects up to long time scales, there should be neurons with time constants on the order of that time scale. The time constant of each unit in Eq. (1) is 1/s. 2. Rapid e ...
A Hebbian learning rule gives rise to mirror neurons and links them
... We designed a simple learning rule in which potentiation of sensory-to-motor synaptic connections V arises from correlated firing in pairs of sensory and motor neurons. Because sensory feedback is delayed, synapses must be able to detect correlated firing within some non-zero time window, which we a ...
... We designed a simple learning rule in which potentiation of sensory-to-motor synaptic connections V arises from correlated firing in pairs of sensory and motor neurons. Because sensory feedback is delayed, synapses must be able to detect correlated firing within some non-zero time window, which we a ...
Anatomical Evidence of Multimodal Integration in Primate
... uses the anatomical terminology of Daniel and Whitteridge (1961) and Van Essen et al. (1984). The calcarine cortex viewed parasagitally has a mushroom configuration with a head and a stem. Injections aimed at the peripheral representation were made in the head and stem of the calcarine sulcus by mea ...
... uses the anatomical terminology of Daniel and Whitteridge (1961) and Van Essen et al. (1984). The calcarine cortex viewed parasagitally has a mushroom configuration with a head and a stem. Injections aimed at the peripheral representation were made in the head and stem of the calcarine sulcus by mea ...
Layer IV of the primary somatosensory cortex has the highest
... The primary aim of present study was to investigate the complexity changes across the cortical layers in the primary somatosensory cortex of rats and further to investigate factors that may influence cortical layer dependent complexity, namely the level of brain excitatory state and thalamic input. ...
... The primary aim of present study was to investigate the complexity changes across the cortical layers in the primary somatosensory cortex of rats and further to investigate factors that may influence cortical layer dependent complexity, namely the level of brain excitatory state and thalamic input. ...
Barrel cortex function - Brain Research Institute
... Elucidating the function of cortical networks requires an interplay between anatomical and physiological analyses, as has been emphasized repeatedly by earlier reviews of cortical function (e.g. Douglas and Martin, 2007; O’Connor et al., 2009). Such an interactive approach will provide mechanistic i ...
... Elucidating the function of cortical networks requires an interplay between anatomical and physiological analyses, as has been emphasized repeatedly by earlier reviews of cortical function (e.g. Douglas and Martin, 2007; O’Connor et al., 2009). Such an interactive approach will provide mechanistic i ...