Barrel cortex function - Brain Research Institute
... Elucidating the function of cortical networks requires an interplay between anatomical and physiological analyses, as has been emphasized repeatedly by earlier reviews of cortical function (e.g. Douglas and Martin, 2007; O’Connor et al., 2009). Such an interactive approach will provide mechanistic i ...
... Elucidating the function of cortical networks requires an interplay between anatomical and physiological analyses, as has been emphasized repeatedly by earlier reviews of cortical function (e.g. Douglas and Martin, 2007; O’Connor et al., 2009). Such an interactive approach will provide mechanistic i ...
hippocampo–cerebellar theta band phase synchrony in rabbits
... perhaps the most well-known example. The contribution of hippocampal neural activity to cerebellar learning is only possible if there is a functional connection between the two structures. Here, in the context of trace eyeblink conditioning, we show (1) that, in addition to the hippocampus, prominen ...
... perhaps the most well-known example. The contribution of hippocampal neural activity to cerebellar learning is only possible if there is a functional connection between the two structures. Here, in the context of trace eyeblink conditioning, we show (1) that, in addition to the hippocampus, prominen ...
Differential Activity-Dependent Development of Corticospinal
... about the role of these processes in development of skilled movement control. Effective posture, interjoint coordination during movement, and visual guidance of movement are expressed within moments after birth in many animals (Muir 2000). By contrast, many species, including cats, monkeys, and huma ...
... about the role of these processes in development of skilled movement control. Effective posture, interjoint coordination during movement, and visual guidance of movement are expressed within moments after birth in many animals (Muir 2000). By contrast, many species, including cats, monkeys, and huma ...
University of Birmingham Drosophila neurotrophins reveal a
... to target size [1]. Neurotrophins (NTs) are the major class of molecules promoting neuronal survival in vertebrates. They also control cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation, and they are required for axonal and dendritic elaborations, synaptic plasticity, excitability, and long-term potent ...
... to target size [1]. Neurotrophins (NTs) are the major class of molecules promoting neuronal survival in vertebrates. They also control cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation, and they are required for axonal and dendritic elaborations, synaptic plasticity, excitability, and long-term potent ...
Neural Mechanisms of Reward in Insects - Chittka Lab
... Considering rewards as the strengthening of stimulus–response associations was simple and appealing, but it did not explain how rewarded behavior was strengthened. Hull (31) proposed drive reduction theory to explain motivational systems underlying reward. This essentially stated that an organism ha ...
... Considering rewards as the strengthening of stimulus–response associations was simple and appealing, but it did not explain how rewarded behavior was strengthened. Hull (31) proposed drive reduction theory to explain motivational systems underlying reward. This essentially stated that an organism ha ...
Representing Spatial Information for Limb - Research
... brain? A vector code of movement direction has been described in primary motor cortex Ml (Gcorgopoulos et al., 1982; Schwartz et al., 1988; Caminiti et al., 1990), dorsal premotor cortex PMd (Caminiti et al., 1991; Fu et al., 1993), areas 2 and 5 of the parietal cortex (Kalaska et al., 1983; Cohen e ...
... brain? A vector code of movement direction has been described in primary motor cortex Ml (Gcorgopoulos et al., 1982; Schwartz et al., 1988; Caminiti et al., 1990), dorsal premotor cortex PMd (Caminiti et al., 1991; Fu et al., 1993), areas 2 and 5 of the parietal cortex (Kalaska et al., 1983; Cohen e ...
Sensing Limb Movements in the Motor Cortex: How Humans Sense
... brain activity related to the sensory processing of the kinesthetic afferent information from the activity related to the processing of vibration stimuli over the skin per se. In our series of neuroimaging experiments (Naito and others 1999, 2002b, 2002c; Naito and Ehrsson 2001), we adopted two appr ...
... brain activity related to the sensory processing of the kinesthetic afferent information from the activity related to the processing of vibration stimuli over the skin per se. In our series of neuroimaging experiments (Naito and others 1999, 2002b, 2002c; Naito and Ehrsson 2001), we adopted two appr ...
GABAergic Influence on Taste Information in the Central Gustatory
... discrimination capabalities; the research by Smith and Li further suggests that many cells may normally be under GABAergic inhibition because after GABA inhibition was removed, cells responded more equally to the top two best stimuli, but when GABA was present their response was sharpened to be hig ...
... discrimination capabalities; the research by Smith and Li further suggests that many cells may normally be under GABAergic inhibition because after GABA inhibition was removed, cells responded more equally to the top two best stimuli, but when GABA was present their response was sharpened to be hig ...
ELECTRODEPOSITION OF ALLOYS, 1930 TO 1940.1 By Ci
... Chemoreceptor activation was achieved by a brief period of hypoxia. Animals were ventilated with 100% N2 for 15 s. Microinjections. The stable substance P analog [pGlu5, MePhe8, Sar9]SP(5–11) (DiMe-SP, 600 pmol in 50 nl; Sigma), the highly selective NK1 receptor agonist [Sar9, Met (O2)11]SP [Sar9, M ...
... Chemoreceptor activation was achieved by a brief period of hypoxia. Animals were ventilated with 100% N2 for 15 s. Microinjections. The stable substance P analog [pGlu5, MePhe8, Sar9]SP(5–11) (DiMe-SP, 600 pmol in 50 nl; Sigma), the highly selective NK1 receptor agonist [Sar9, Met (O2)11]SP [Sar9, M ...
Nucleus Basalis and Thalamic Control of Neocortical Activity in the
... energizingsystemthat provided for the neocortex a “readiness” state for processingspecificafferent information. Their concept assumeda unitary control of the electrical activity of the cortex related to consciousness,arousal, and the sleep-wakingcycle. The neuronal substrateof the hypothesized energ ...
... energizingsystemthat provided for the neocortex a “readiness” state for processingspecificafferent information. Their concept assumeda unitary control of the electrical activity of the cortex related to consciousness,arousal, and the sleep-wakingcycle. The neuronal substrateof the hypothesized energ ...
The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Gets Split: Why Does Cortisol
... neurons (10) because these neurons have been implicated in controlling glucocorticoid rhythms in rats. Release of vasopressin by SCN neurons in the PVN is an important element of the hypothalamic circuit controlling corticosteroid secretion (21, 22). However, it remains unclear whether vasopressin o ...
... neurons (10) because these neurons have been implicated in controlling glucocorticoid rhythms in rats. Release of vasopressin by SCN neurons in the PVN is an important element of the hypothalamic circuit controlling corticosteroid secretion (21, 22). However, it remains unclear whether vasopressin o ...
Patterned, But Not Tonic, Optogenetic Stimulation in Motor
... High-frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) in motor thalamus (Mthal) ameliorates tremor but not akinesia in Parkinson’s disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are effective methods of Mthal stimulation to treat akinesia. Glutamatergic Mthal neurons, transduced with channelr ...
... High-frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) in motor thalamus (Mthal) ameliorates tremor but not akinesia in Parkinson’s disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are effective methods of Mthal stimulation to treat akinesia. Glutamatergic Mthal neurons, transduced with channelr ...
a review with emphasis on the projections of specific thalamic nuclei
... of the confusion which has resulted from the various ways in which the word ‘primary’ has been applied to describe specific regions of the cerebral cortex. In the context of studies of cortical evoked potentials, primary was used to denote short latency responses of the cortex whose characteristic w ...
... of the confusion which has resulted from the various ways in which the word ‘primary’ has been applied to describe specific regions of the cerebral cortex. In the context of studies of cortical evoked potentials, primary was used to denote short latency responses of the cortex whose characteristic w ...
Spontaneous activity in developing sensory circuits
... phenomenology of EEG development were performed in fetal and neonatal pigs, sheep, guinea pigs, cats, rabbits, rats and dogs (Bergstrom et al., 1962; Bernhard et al., 1959; Charles and Fuller, 1956; Crain, 1952; Deza and Eidelberg, 1967; Fox, 1967; Jouvet-Mounier et al., 1970; Marty and Thomas, 1963 ...
... phenomenology of EEG development were performed in fetal and neonatal pigs, sheep, guinea pigs, cats, rabbits, rats and dogs (Bergstrom et al., 1962; Bernhard et al., 1959; Charles and Fuller, 1956; Crain, 1952; Deza and Eidelberg, 1967; Fox, 1967; Jouvet-Mounier et al., 1970; Marty and Thomas, 1963 ...
Function of Peripheral Olfactory Organs
... spike is not known to carry any extra information to the AL. It is the frequency of spikes rather than their size that is important for generating behavioural responses. Information about the absolute concentration of odour also may be important to the insect, but instances in which this has been sh ...
... spike is not known to carry any extra information to the AL. It is the frequency of spikes rather than their size that is important for generating behavioural responses. Information about the absolute concentration of odour also may be important to the insect, but instances in which this has been sh ...
Neurotransmitter Profile of Saccadic Omnipause Neurons in
... eye muscle motoneurons and results in a saccade. In current models the superior colliculus (SC) is thought to exert a strong control over the trigger for saccade gcncration. In addition to a monosynaptic excitatory input to OPNs (Raybourn and Keller, 1977; BtittnerEnncver et al., 1988) the SC must a ...
... eye muscle motoneurons and results in a saccade. In current models the superior colliculus (SC) is thought to exert a strong control over the trigger for saccade gcncration. In addition to a monosynaptic excitatory input to OPNs (Raybourn and Keller, 1977; BtittnerEnncver et al., 1988) the SC must a ...
Neuronal morphology in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana
... focus on superficial (i.e., layers II–III) pyramidal neurons (mean soma depth = 794 ± 131 lm) in the two cortical regions. Because the Golgi impregnation was not uniform, more neurons appropriate for quantification were sampled from LA1 (n = 46) than from LA3 (n = 29). A total of 40 superficial pyra ...
... focus on superficial (i.e., layers II–III) pyramidal neurons (mean soma depth = 794 ± 131 lm) in the two cortical regions. Because the Golgi impregnation was not uniform, more neurons appropriate for quantification were sampled from LA1 (n = 46) than from LA3 (n = 29). A total of 40 superficial pyra ...
18
... How does the human brain make sense of the 3D world while its visual input, the retinal images, are only two-dimensional? There are multiple depth-cues exploited by the brain to create a 3D model of the world. Despite the importance of this subject both for scientists and engineers, the underlying c ...
... How does the human brain make sense of the 3D world while its visual input, the retinal images, are only two-dimensional? There are multiple depth-cues exploited by the brain to create a 3D model of the world. Despite the importance of this subject both for scientists and engineers, the underlying c ...
AN INTEGRATIVE THEORY OF LOCUS
... phasic and tonic. Phasic LC activation is driven by the outcome of task-related decision processes and is proposed to facilitate ensuing behaviors and to help optimize task performance (exploitation). When utility in the task wanes, LC neurons exhibit a tonic activity mode, associated with disengage ...
... phasic and tonic. Phasic LC activation is driven by the outcome of task-related decision processes and is proposed to facilitate ensuing behaviors and to help optimize task performance (exploitation). When utility in the task wanes, LC neurons exhibit a tonic activity mode, associated with disengage ...
Omega–6/Omega–3 Ratio and Brain-Related Functions - Direct-MS
... Many studies have demonstrated that various PUFA mediate, or are associated with, several aspects of brain activity, ranging from the role of EFA in neuronal structure and functions, long-term potentiation (LTP), specific brain activation, prostaglandin activity, to neurological and mental disorders ...
... Many studies have demonstrated that various PUFA mediate, or are associated with, several aspects of brain activity, ranging from the role of EFA in neuronal structure and functions, long-term potentiation (LTP), specific brain activation, prostaglandin activity, to neurological and mental disorders ...
Ventral Intraparietal Area of the Macaque: Anatomic Location and
... which a stimulus was presented, preferring a stimulus of equivalent visual angle and luminance presented near (within 20 cm) or very near (within 5 cm) the face. These neurons maintained their preference for near stimuli when tested monocularly, suggesting that visual cues other than disparity can s ...
... which a stimulus was presented, preferring a stimulus of equivalent visual angle and luminance presented near (within 20 cm) or very near (within 5 cm) the face. These neurons maintained their preference for near stimuli when tested monocularly, suggesting that visual cues other than disparity can s ...
Module 3 and 4 Practice Test
... e. sensory cortex. ____ 30. The occipital lobes are to ________ as the temporal lobes are to ________. a. hearing; sensing movement b. seeing; sensing touch c. sensing pleasure; sensing pain d. seeing; hearing e. speaking; hearing ____ 31. In 1848, Phineas Gage, a railroad construction foreman, surv ...
... e. sensory cortex. ____ 30. The occipital lobes are to ________ as the temporal lobes are to ________. a. hearing; sensing movement b. seeing; sensing touch c. sensing pleasure; sensing pain d. seeing; hearing e. speaking; hearing ____ 31. In 1848, Phineas Gage, a railroad construction foreman, surv ...
Large-Scale Functional Connectivity in Associative Learning
... learned behavior (John and Schwartz 1978). It assumes that learning and memory are ubiquitous properties of neural tissue and that the involvement of an area in learning and memory depends on the specific requirements for behavioral change (Wolpaw and Lee 1989). Our main emphasis has focused on the ...
... learned behavior (John and Schwartz 1978). It assumes that learning and memory are ubiquitous properties of neural tissue and that the involvement of an area in learning and memory depends on the specific requirements for behavioral change (Wolpaw and Lee 1989). Our main emphasis has focused on the ...
Septins promote dendrite and axon development by negatively
... NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | 4:2532 | DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3532 | www.nature.com/naturecommunications ...
... NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | 4:2532 | DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3532 | www.nature.com/naturecommunications ...