![Incidence of major structural cardiac defects associated](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/005280552_1-e6e9add3e54317d3106bef12341a97df-300x300.png)
Incidence of major structural cardiac defects associated
... 18 –23 weeks of gestation. Second, fetuses with increased NT but a normal fetal karyotype are at increased risk of a cardiac defect and merit specialist cardiac assessment. The main area of contention and discussion is likely to be where the threshold of increased NT that initiates specialist fetal ...
... 18 –23 weeks of gestation. Second, fetuses with increased NT but a normal fetal karyotype are at increased risk of a cardiac defect and merit specialist cardiac assessment. The main area of contention and discussion is likely to be where the threshold of increased NT that initiates specialist fetal ...
Implantation Techniques of Leads for Left Ventricular
... kept and the TORQR is advanced to cannulate the coronary sinus (lower arrow), right panel. The guiding delivery sheath is brought in the roof of the right atrium after which the EP catheter is advanced in the floor of the right atrium and pulled up with counterclockwise torque to direct it posterior ...
... kept and the TORQR is advanced to cannulate the coronary sinus (lower arrow), right panel. The guiding delivery sheath is brought in the roof of the right atrium after which the EP catheter is advanced in the floor of the right atrium and pulled up with counterclockwise torque to direct it posterior ...
PDF Article - ScienceDirect
... heart in a succession of planes all parallel to the A V rings usually begin at the apex and end near the AV valves where little attention is paid to the crista supraventricularis, which remains with the supraventricular chambers, its useful ori• entation to the interventricular septum having been cu ...
... heart in a succession of planes all parallel to the A V rings usually begin at the apex and end near the AV valves where little attention is paid to the crista supraventricularis, which remains with the supraventricular chambers, its useful ori• entation to the interventricular septum having been cu ...
Amiodarone-Induced Postrepolarization Refractoriness Suppresses
... of APD was calculated as the difference between minimal and maximal APD in the eight MAP recordings. PRR was calculated as ERP minus APD90. During burst stimuli and programmed stimulation, PRR was manually measured in the MAP recording that was used for pacing at a paper speed of 200 mm/s as the int ...
... of APD was calculated as the difference between minimal and maximal APD in the eight MAP recordings. PRR was calculated as ERP minus APD90. During burst stimuli and programmed stimulation, PRR was manually measured in the MAP recording that was used for pacing at a paper speed of 200 mm/s as the int ...
Left ventricular performance during prolonged
... recovery period was similar to the pre-exercise value. The results indicate that prolonged exercise of moderate duration may not induce abnormal left ventricular systolic function or cardiac fatigue during exercise. ...
... recovery period was similar to the pre-exercise value. The results indicate that prolonged exercise of moderate duration may not induce abnormal left ventricular systolic function or cardiac fatigue during exercise. ...
Boundless Study Slides
... • ischemia Oxygen deprivation in tissues due to mechanical obstruction of the blood supply, such as by a narrowed or blocked artery or clot. • lactate A molecule produced by anaerobic respiration that can be used to produce ATP without oxygen, albeit at lower levels. • lub The first heart tone, or S ...
... • ischemia Oxygen deprivation in tissues due to mechanical obstruction of the blood supply, such as by a narrowed or blocked artery or clot. • lactate A molecule produced by anaerobic respiration that can be used to produce ATP without oxygen, albeit at lower levels. • lub The first heart tone, or S ...
Effects and mechanisms of curcumin on the
... protects the heart from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (5). Additionally, it protects animals against decreases in the heart rate and blood pressure following ischemia (6). In an in vitro study, it was shown that curcumin blocked phenylephrine-induced cardiac hypertrophy (7). * Correspondence: e_ ...
... protects the heart from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (5). Additionally, it protects animals against decreases in the heart rate and blood pressure following ischemia (6). In an in vitro study, it was shown that curcumin blocked phenylephrine-induced cardiac hypertrophy (7). * Correspondence: e_ ...
Editorial Review Abnormalities of the coronary circulation
... associated with a sixfold increase in cardiac mortality and a threefold increase in the risk of cardiac failure [2]. The presence of repolarization changes further increases the risk of cardiac failure [4]. Hypertension, the most frequent cause of left ventricular hypertrophy, is associated with an ...
... associated with a sixfold increase in cardiac mortality and a threefold increase in the risk of cardiac failure [2]. The presence of repolarization changes further increases the risk of cardiac failure [4]. Hypertension, the most frequent cause of left ventricular hypertrophy, is associated with an ...
Ventricular Tachycardia
... Can occur at any rate The rhythm is irregular because of the early beat but is regular at other times All intervals can be within normal limits There is a P for every QRS and a QRS for every P The P waves all look the same except the P in front of the PAC will be different ...
... Can occur at any rate The rhythm is irregular because of the early beat but is regular at other times All intervals can be within normal limits There is a P for every QRS and a QRS for every P The P waves all look the same except the P in front of the PAC will be different ...
The University of Birmingham Na+/Ca2+ exchange and Na+/K+
... consistent with a fraction of NCX sensing early and high local Ca2+ (in the dyad) and another being activated with a delay (outside the dyad). Recent data indicate that L-type Ca2+ channels and NCX within the dyadic cleft report similar microdomain Ca2+ levels, with approximately 15% of all NCX loca ...
... consistent with a fraction of NCX sensing early and high local Ca2+ (in the dyad) and another being activated with a delay (outside the dyad). Recent data indicate that L-type Ca2+ channels and NCX within the dyadic cleft report similar microdomain Ca2+ levels, with approximately 15% of all NCX loca ...
images/Long term effects of RV pacing.pps
... The findings of the PAVE study suggest that, in order to avoid the adverse effects of cardiac dyssynchrony generated by RV pacing, a biventricular pacing should be considered for patients who require AV node ablation for management of atrial fibrillation and who have a left ventricular ejection frac ...
... The findings of the PAVE study suggest that, in order to avoid the adverse effects of cardiac dyssynchrony generated by RV pacing, a biventricular pacing should be considered for patients who require AV node ablation for management of atrial fibrillation and who have a left ventricular ejection frac ...
Recommendations for the Evaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic
... LV pressure fall, rapid filling, diastasis (at slower heart rates), and atrial contraction.2 Elevated filling pressures are the main physiologic consequence of diastolic dysfunction.2 Filling pressures are considered elevated when the mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) is .12 mm Hg or wh ...
... LV pressure fall, rapid filling, diastasis (at slower heart rates), and atrial contraction.2 Elevated filling pressures are the main physiologic consequence of diastolic dysfunction.2 Filling pressures are considered elevated when the mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) is .12 mm Hg or wh ...
Full Text:PDF - The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics
... rate can result in left ventricular dysfunction in infants because of difficulties in recognizing onset of paroxysm. Augmented atrial excitability and short refractory period due to prevailing cholinergic innervation determine the high rate of atrial tachycardia and inadequate myocardial inotropy - ...
... rate can result in left ventricular dysfunction in infants because of difficulties in recognizing onset of paroxysm. Augmented atrial excitability and short refractory period due to prevailing cholinergic innervation determine the high rate of atrial tachycardia and inadequate myocardial inotropy - ...
Influence of pacing site on canine left ventricular contraction
... pacing, as opposed to atria1 pacing, there is an increase in the activation time of the ventricle with an accompanying prolongation of the QRS complex of the body surface electrogram (5, 10, 11, 15). Sonomicrometer and cineradiographic measurements have indicated significant and characteristic chang ...
... pacing, as opposed to atria1 pacing, there is an increase in the activation time of the ventricle with an accompanying prolongation of the QRS complex of the body surface electrogram (5, 10, 11, 15). Sonomicrometer and cineradiographic measurements have indicated significant and characteristic chang ...
Genetics - Circulation
... Background—Mutations of the transcription factor Nkx2-5 cause pleiotropic heart defects with incomplete penetrance. This variability suggests that additional factors can affect or prevent the mutant phenotype. We assess here the role of genetic modifiers and their interactions. Methods and Results—H ...
... Background—Mutations of the transcription factor Nkx2-5 cause pleiotropic heart defects with incomplete penetrance. This variability suggests that additional factors can affect or prevent the mutant phenotype. We assess here the role of genetic modifiers and their interactions. Methods and Results—H ...
REGULATION OF CARDIAC VOLTAGE GATED POTASSIUM
... Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. CVD accounts for more deaths than all forms of cancer in the United States. Hypertension, Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation are the most common diagnosis, hospitalization cause and the sustained cardiac arrhythmi ...
... Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. CVD accounts for more deaths than all forms of cancer in the United States. Hypertension, Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation are the most common diagnosis, hospitalization cause and the sustained cardiac arrhythmi ...
PART IV LABORATORY EXAMINATION
... electrical stimulus spreads first through the right atrium and then into the left atrium. In this way the sinus node functions as the normal pacemaker of the heart. The first phase of cardiac activation consists of the electrical stimulation of the right and left atria, electrical stimulation, in tu ...
... electrical stimulus spreads first through the right atrium and then into the left atrium. In this way the sinus node functions as the normal pacemaker of the heart. The first phase of cardiac activation consists of the electrical stimulation of the right and left atria, electrical stimulation, in tu ...
PART IV LABORATORY EXAMINATION
... electrical stimulus spreads first through the right atrium and then into the left atrium. In this way the sinus node functions as the normal pacemaker of the heart. The first phase of cardiac activation consists of the electrical stimulation of the right and left atria, electrical stimulation, in tu ...
... electrical stimulus spreads first through the right atrium and then into the left atrium. In this way the sinus node functions as the normal pacemaker of the heart. The first phase of cardiac activation consists of the electrical stimulation of the right and left atria, electrical stimulation, in tu ...
Effect of Definition on Incidence of Postinfarction
... much more common than the 15% incidence customarily quoted (by rub)." Moreover, they noted that if an "observer demands the presence of a pericardial friction rub," the diagnosis of pericarditis may be "unrecognized in spite of typical pain." Others46 warned that requiring a friction rub to diagnose ...
... much more common than the 15% incidence customarily quoted (by rub)." Moreover, they noted that if an "observer demands the presence of a pericardial friction rub," the diagnosis of pericarditis may be "unrecognized in spite of typical pain." Others46 warned that requiring a friction rub to diagnose ...
General Questions about AEDs 1. What does AED stand for? AED
... AED stands for automated external defibrillator. 2. What's an AED? An AED is a device used to administer an electric shock through the chest wall to the heart. Builtin computers assess the patient's heart rhythm, judge whether defibrillation is needed, and then administer the shock. Audible ...
... AED stands for automated external defibrillator. 2. What's an AED? An AED is a device used to administer an electric shock through the chest wall to the heart. Builtin computers assess the patient's heart rhythm, judge whether defibrillation is needed, and then administer the shock. Audible ...
Coronary compression caused by stenting a right pulmonary artery
... pain is also noteworthy. Because of its absence, we felt more secure that the left ventricular dysfunction was not due to acute coronary compression. The fact that the patient had an aortic transsection is thus very important because this led to cardiac denervation, which explains the absence of che ...
... pain is also noteworthy. Because of its absence, we felt more secure that the left ventricular dysfunction was not due to acute coronary compression. The fact that the patient had an aortic transsection is thus very important because this led to cardiac denervation, which explains the absence of che ...
Pericardial heart disease
... normally is present in the pericardial sac (9). The pericardial fluid, in essence, serves as a “lubricating oil” to diminish the amount of friction between the moving heart and the adjacent tissues. In the adipose tissue beneath the visceral pericardium and on the mediastinal aspect of the parietal ...
... normally is present in the pericardial sac (9). The pericardial fluid, in essence, serves as a “lubricating oil” to diminish the amount of friction between the moving heart and the adjacent tissues. In the adipose tissue beneath the visceral pericardium and on the mediastinal aspect of the parietal ...
Appendix 1: ICD9 and ICD10 codes used to identify CVD and heart
... Coronary thrombosis not resulting in myocardial infarction Other forms of acute ischaemic heart disease Acute ischaemic heart disease, unspecified Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, so described Atherosclerotic heart disease, of unspecified vessel Atherosclerotic heart disease, of native corona ...
... Coronary thrombosis not resulting in myocardial infarction Other forms of acute ischaemic heart disease Acute ischaemic heart disease, unspecified Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, so described Atherosclerotic heart disease, of unspecified vessel Atherosclerotic heart disease, of native corona ...
The apical long-axis rather than the two
... the parallel slicing through the data sets at 3 mm intervals. This resulted in generation of equidistant crosssections of the left ventricle. The computer displayed the corresponding short axis view in (1) a dynamic display for better identification of the endocardium in a digitized complete cardiac ...
... the parallel slicing through the data sets at 3 mm intervals. This resulted in generation of equidistant crosssections of the left ventricle. The computer displayed the corresponding short axis view in (1) a dynamic display for better identification of the endocardium in a digitized complete cardiac ...
Haemodynamic evaluation of pulmonary hypertension
... low-pressure, low-resistance, highly distensible system, and is capable of accommodating large increases in blood flow with minimal elevations of PAP. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterised by the chronic elevation of PAP and PVR leading to right ventricular enlargement and hypertrophy [1–8]. ...
... low-pressure, low-resistance, highly distensible system, and is capable of accommodating large increases in blood flow with minimal elevations of PAP. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterised by the chronic elevation of PAP and PVR leading to right ventricular enlargement and hypertrophy [1–8]. ...
Heart failure
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Heartfailure.jpg?width=300)
Heart failure (HF), often referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF), occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs. The terms chronic heart failure (CHF) or congestive cardiac failure (CCF) are often used interchangeably with congestive heart failure. Signs and symptoms commonly include shortness of breath, excessive tiredness, and leg swelling. The shortness of breath is usually worse with exercise, while lying down, and may wake the person at night. A limited ability to exercise is also a common feature.Common causes of heart failure include coronary artery disease including a previous myocardial infarction (heart attack), high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, excess alcohol use, infection, and cardiomyopathy of an unknown cause. These cause heart failure by changing either the structure or the functioning of the heart. There are two main types of heart failure: heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure with normal ejection fraction depending on if the ability of the left ventricle to contract is affected, or the heart's ability to relax. The severity of disease is usually graded by the degree of problems with exercise. Heart failure is not the same as myocardial infarction (in which part of the heart muscle dies) or cardiac arrest (in which blood flow stops altogether). Other diseases that may have symptoms similar to heart failure include obesity, kidney failure, liver problems, anemia and thyroid disease.The condition is diagnosed based on the history of the symptoms and a physical examination with confirmation by echocardiography. Blood tests, electrocardiography, and chest radiography may be useful to determine the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the disease. In people with chronic stable mild heart failure, treatment commonly consists of lifestyle modifications such as stopping smoking, physical exercise, and dietary changes, as well as medications. In those with heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers along with beta blockers are recommended. For those with severe disease, aldosterone antagonists, or hydralazine plus a nitrate may be used. Diuretics are useful for preventing fluid retention. Sometimes, depending on the cause, an implanted device such as a pacemaker or an implantable cardiac defibrillator may be recommended. In some moderate or severe cases cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) may be suggested or cardiac contractility modulation may be of benefit. A ventricular assist device or occasionally a heart transplant may be recommended in those with severe disease despite all other measures.Heart failure is a common, costly, and potentially fatal condition. In developed countries, around 2% of adults have heart failure and in those over the age of 65, this increases to 6–10%. In the year after diagnosis the risk of death is about 35% after which it decreases to below 10% each year. This is similar to the risks with a number of types of cancer. In the United Kingdom the disease is the reason for 5% of emergency hospital admissions. Heart failure has been known since ancient times with the Ebers papyrus commenting on it around 1550 BCE.