In utero pulmonary artery and aortic growth and potential for
... tricuspid insufficiency (6,7). Knowledge of the in utero natural history and potential for progression of cardiac defects is important not only for our understanding of the determinants of postnatally encountered disease, but also for appropriate counseling of families, planning of postnatal managem ...
... tricuspid insufficiency (6,7). Knowledge of the in utero natural history and potential for progression of cardiac defects is important not only for our understanding of the determinants of postnatally encountered disease, but also for appropriate counseling of families, planning of postnatal managem ...
Cardiac repolarization analysis using the surface - DIEC
... different pathological states, including ischaemia, Brugada syndrome, long-QT syndrome (LQTS), heart failure, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia or ventricular hypertrophy. In §4a, methods to quantify dispersion of repolarization from surface ECG time intervals are described. Also, amplified ...
... different pathological states, including ischaemia, Brugada syndrome, long-QT syndrome (LQTS), heart failure, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia or ventricular hypertrophy. In §4a, methods to quantify dispersion of repolarization from surface ECG time intervals are described. Also, amplified ...
Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension
... CHD of any type who develop PHVD. The task force also recognized lesions in which pulmonary vascular disease is likely, but the specific criteria for PH are not met, and thus are not included in the Nice clinical classification. This includes patients with single ventricle physiology who have undergon ...
... CHD of any type who develop PHVD. The task force also recognized lesions in which pulmonary vascular disease is likely, but the specific criteria for PH are not met, and thus are not included in the Nice clinical classification. This includes patients with single ventricle physiology who have undergon ...
Trans-Septal Puncture Procedures and Devices
... septum primum and the septum secundum. Both septae extend from the roof of the atria toward the endocardial cushions. The septum primum, which is the LA septum, is absorbed superiorly, leaving the septum secundum, or the RA septum, to cover this superior defect (ostium secundum) and separate the atr ...
... septum primum and the septum secundum. Both septae extend from the roof of the atria toward the endocardial cushions. The septum primum, which is the LA septum, is absorbed superiorly, leaving the septum secundum, or the RA septum, to cover this superior defect (ostium secundum) and separate the atr ...
Appropriate Use Criteria for ICD/CRT Online Appendix Guideline
... 4.3.1. Patients With Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction CLASS I ...
... 4.3.1. Patients With Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction CLASS I ...
PACES/HRS Expert Consensus Statement on the Recognition and
... absolute incidence of these devastating events remains relatively low, at approximately 0.1% per year. A tabular representation of approximate expected risks for atrial arrhythmia, ventricular arrhythmia, AV block, and ventricular dyssynchrony are summarized in Figure 3.2. The prevalence and mechani ...
... absolute incidence of these devastating events remains relatively low, at approximately 0.1% per year. A tabular representation of approximate expected risks for atrial arrhythmia, ventricular arrhythmia, AV block, and ventricular dyssynchrony are summarized in Figure 3.2. The prevalence and mechani ...
PACES/HRS Expert Consensus Statement on the Recognition and
... absolute incidence of these devastating events remains relatively low, at approximately 0.1% per year. A tabular representation of approximate expected risks for atrial arrhythmia, ventricular arrhythmia, AV block, and ventricular dyssynchrony are summarized in Figure 3.2. The prevalence and mechani ...
... absolute incidence of these devastating events remains relatively low, at approximately 0.1% per year. A tabular representation of approximate expected risks for atrial arrhythmia, ventricular arrhythmia, AV block, and ventricular dyssynchrony are summarized in Figure 3.2. The prevalence and mechani ...
Arrhythmia/Electrophysiology
... with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, and it is controversial whether nonarrhythmogenic syncope is associated with increased mortality. Methods and Results—The Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial–Reduce Inappropriate Therapy (MADIT-RIT) randomized 1500 patients to 3 differ ...
... with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, and it is controversial whether nonarrhythmogenic syncope is associated with increased mortality. Methods and Results—The Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial–Reduce Inappropriate Therapy (MADIT-RIT) randomized 1500 patients to 3 differ ...
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation by Chest Compression Alone: A
... after 4-10 min of resuscitation, irrespective of attempts at ventilation.56,66 Furthermore, ventilation may occur during CO-CPR through active and passive mechanisms. After a non-hypoxic cardiac arrest, patients usually continue to breath actively for some short period, before the respiratory centre ...
... after 4-10 min of resuscitation, irrespective of attempts at ventilation.56,66 Furthermore, ventilation may occur during CO-CPR through active and passive mechanisms. After a non-hypoxic cardiac arrest, patients usually continue to breath actively for some short period, before the respiratory centre ...
PATTERNS OF HUMAN MYOCARDIAL OXYGEN EXTRACTION
... Coronary insufficiency. Patients judged to have coronary insufficiency on the basis of classical angina pectoris, documented myocardial infarction, and positive Master's test were placed in this group. In several cases the coronary vessels were assessed at operation, by coronary arteriography (9), o ...
... Coronary insufficiency. Patients judged to have coronary insufficiency on the basis of classical angina pectoris, documented myocardial infarction, and positive Master's test were placed in this group. In several cases the coronary vessels were assessed at operation, by coronary arteriography (9), o ...
Applications of transesophageal echocardiography in treating
... review echocardiography and electrocardiogram. The five-month to 2-year follow-up reviews that no cases with successful closure occur thrombosis, complete atrioventricular block, valvular involvement (tricuspid or aortic regurgitation was significantly increased, poor valve activity), etc., so far, ...
... review echocardiography and electrocardiogram. The five-month to 2-year follow-up reviews that no cases with successful closure occur thrombosis, complete atrioventricular block, valvular involvement (tricuspid or aortic regurgitation was significantly increased, poor valve activity), etc., so far, ...
Pacing System Malfunction: Evaluation and Troubleshooting
... The causes of failure to capture with pacing artifact present are summarized in Table 1. The onset of malfunction in relation to implantation of pacing system can provide valuable data to identification of the cause. If failure to capture occurred shortly (hours or days) after implant, the most like ...
... The causes of failure to capture with pacing artifact present are summarized in Table 1. The onset of malfunction in relation to implantation of pacing system can provide valuable data to identification of the cause. If failure to capture occurred shortly (hours or days) after implant, the most like ...
Depolarization and Repolarization
... of >1mm and longer than 80 milliseconds following the Jpoint. This measure has a false positive rate of 15-20% (which is slightly higher in women than men) and a false negative rate of 20-30%. • ST depression may be associated with hypokalemia or digitalis toxicity. ...
... of >1mm and longer than 80 milliseconds following the Jpoint. This measure has a false positive rate of 15-20% (which is slightly higher in women than men) and a false negative rate of 20-30%. • ST depression may be associated with hypokalemia or digitalis toxicity. ...
Increasing survival rate from commotio cordis
... perhaps not an entirely unexpected finding, given the known effectiveness of public access defibrillation in restoring normal rhythm following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest,15–18 as well as the increasing availability of AEDs over the last several years. Indeed, defibrillation and prompt response t ...
... perhaps not an entirely unexpected finding, given the known effectiveness of public access defibrillation in restoring normal rhythm following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest,15–18 as well as the increasing availability of AEDs over the last several years. Indeed, defibrillation and prompt response t ...
Venous Thromboembolism Increases the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation
... Conclusions-—We found that incident VTE was associated with future risk of atrial fibrillation. Our findings support the hypothesis that PE may lead to cardiac dysfunctions that, in turn, could trigger atrial fibrillation. ( J Am Heart Assoc. 2013;2:e000483 doi: 10.1161/JAHA.113.000483) Key Words: epid ...
... Conclusions-—We found that incident VTE was associated with future risk of atrial fibrillation. Our findings support the hypothesis that PE may lead to cardiac dysfunctions that, in turn, could trigger atrial fibrillation. ( J Am Heart Assoc. 2013;2:e000483 doi: 10.1161/JAHA.113.000483) Key Words: epid ...
Myofiber prestretch magnitude determines regional systolic function
... Estimation of the amount of early-activated tissue at the subepicardium. We used electrical activation times measured with a 128-electrode epicardial sock to create 2D epicardial isochronal maps using a polar grid projection (i.e., Bulls-eye plot) which conserved both the longitudinal and circumfere ...
... Estimation of the amount of early-activated tissue at the subepicardium. We used electrical activation times measured with a 128-electrode epicardial sock to create 2D epicardial isochronal maps using a polar grid projection (i.e., Bulls-eye plot) which conserved both the longitudinal and circumfere ...
ESC Guidelines for cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization
... period must be notified to the ESC. The Task Force report was entirely supported financially by the ESC and was developed without any involvement of the industry. The ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG) supervises and coordinates the preparation of new Guidelines and Expert Consensus Documen ...
... period must be notified to the ESC. The Task Force report was entirely supported financially by the ESC and was developed without any involvement of the industry. The ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG) supervises and coordinates the preparation of new Guidelines and Expert Consensus Documen ...
Case-Based Curriculum in Clinical Electrophysiology
... Epicardial-only block during endocardial mitral isthmus ablation facilitated by coronary sinus occlusion. Shah AJ, et al.20 Recurrent perimitral tachycardia using epicardial coronary sinus connection to bypass endocardial conduction block at the mitral isthmus. Miyazaki S et al.21 Ablation lines bet ...
... Epicardial-only block during endocardial mitral isthmus ablation facilitated by coronary sinus occlusion. Shah AJ, et al.20 Recurrent perimitral tachycardia using epicardial coronary sinus connection to bypass endocardial conduction block at the mitral isthmus. Miyazaki S et al.21 Ablation lines bet ...
Pericardial Disease: Etiology, Pathophysiology
... Echocardiography is, without doubt, the best tool for establishing the presence of pericardial effusion. Not only can the presence or absence of pericardial effusion be established with remarkable certainty33 (Fig. 68.1), but, in addition, one can make a reliable estimate as to whether the effusion ...
... Echocardiography is, without doubt, the best tool for establishing the presence of pericardial effusion. Not only can the presence or absence of pericardial effusion be established with remarkable certainty33 (Fig. 68.1), but, in addition, one can make a reliable estimate as to whether the effusion ...
6 Role ofthe Atrioventricular Node in Atrial Fibrillation
... of Fig. 1) shows a decrease in ventricular rate produced by digitalis, but the degree of irregularity expressed as the dispersion of RR intervals (33) or coefficient of variation (CV) (34) remains constant. We wiU return to this later. The random ventricular rhythm in AF can also be described as a r ...
... of Fig. 1) shows a decrease in ventricular rate produced by digitalis, but the degree of irregularity expressed as the dispersion of RR intervals (33) or coefficient of variation (CV) (34) remains constant. We wiU return to this later. The random ventricular rhythm in AF can also be described as a r ...
Diagnosis and Management of Cardiac Sarcoidosis
... Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA ...
... Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA ...
Myocarditis Presenting with Ventricular Arrhythmias
... fatigue, dyspnoea, palpitations, malaise and atypical chest discomfort. Even the clinical cardiac signs may be vague in many patients and generally include cardiac murmurs, gallop rhythms and other signs of heart failure and sometimes pericardial rubs when the pericardium is also involved in the inf ...
... fatigue, dyspnoea, palpitations, malaise and atypical chest discomfort. Even the clinical cardiac signs may be vague in many patients and generally include cardiac murmurs, gallop rhythms and other signs of heart failure and sometimes pericardial rubs when the pericardium is also involved in the inf ...
Task Force Report Task Force on Sudden Cardiac Death of the
... centuries and throughout this time different authors have debated how to define it most appropriately. SCD is defined as follows: ‘Natural death due to cardiac causes, heralded by abrupt loss of consciousness within one hour of the onset of acute symptoms; preexisting heart disease may have been know ...
... centuries and throughout this time different authors have debated how to define it most appropriately. SCD is defined as follows: ‘Natural death due to cardiac causes, heralded by abrupt loss of consciousness within one hour of the onset of acute symptoms; preexisting heart disease may have been know ...
Heart failure
Heart failure (HF), often referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF), occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs. The terms chronic heart failure (CHF) or congestive cardiac failure (CCF) are often used interchangeably with congestive heart failure. Signs and symptoms commonly include shortness of breath, excessive tiredness, and leg swelling. The shortness of breath is usually worse with exercise, while lying down, and may wake the person at night. A limited ability to exercise is also a common feature.Common causes of heart failure include coronary artery disease including a previous myocardial infarction (heart attack), high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, excess alcohol use, infection, and cardiomyopathy of an unknown cause. These cause heart failure by changing either the structure or the functioning of the heart. There are two main types of heart failure: heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure with normal ejection fraction depending on if the ability of the left ventricle to contract is affected, or the heart's ability to relax. The severity of disease is usually graded by the degree of problems with exercise. Heart failure is not the same as myocardial infarction (in which part of the heart muscle dies) or cardiac arrest (in which blood flow stops altogether). Other diseases that may have symptoms similar to heart failure include obesity, kidney failure, liver problems, anemia and thyroid disease.The condition is diagnosed based on the history of the symptoms and a physical examination with confirmation by echocardiography. Blood tests, electrocardiography, and chest radiography may be useful to determine the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the disease. In people with chronic stable mild heart failure, treatment commonly consists of lifestyle modifications such as stopping smoking, physical exercise, and dietary changes, as well as medications. In those with heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers along with beta blockers are recommended. For those with severe disease, aldosterone antagonists, or hydralazine plus a nitrate may be used. Diuretics are useful for preventing fluid retention. Sometimes, depending on the cause, an implanted device such as a pacemaker or an implantable cardiac defibrillator may be recommended. In some moderate or severe cases cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) may be suggested or cardiac contractility modulation may be of benefit. A ventricular assist device or occasionally a heart transplant may be recommended in those with severe disease despite all other measures.Heart failure is a common, costly, and potentially fatal condition. In developed countries, around 2% of adults have heart failure and in those over the age of 65, this increases to 6–10%. In the year after diagnosis the risk of death is about 35% after which it decreases to below 10% each year. This is similar to the risks with a number of types of cancer. In the United Kingdom the disease is the reason for 5% of emergency hospital admissions. Heart failure has been known since ancient times with the Ebers papyrus commenting on it around 1550 BCE.