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Stenting the neonatal arterial duct
... over the cut-off end (hemostatic valve, also allowing contrast injections). The guiding catheter (with the right coronary catheter at its tip) is placed at the origin of the duct to ensure maximal stability. The duct is then gently probed by the soft 0.021-inch wire; as the wire is advanced more dis ...
... over the cut-off end (hemostatic valve, also allowing contrast injections). The guiding catheter (with the right coronary catheter at its tip) is placed at the origin of the duct to ensure maximal stability. The duct is then gently probed by the soft 0.021-inch wire; as the wire is advanced more dis ...
Coronary Artery Spasm is a Nightmare: a Rare Case of Multi Vessel
... of chest distress and inhalation for fifteen days. His initial vital signs included temperature 36.6°C, heart rate 78 beats/min, blood pressure 106/60 mmHg, and respiratory rate 20 breaths/min, jugular vein distension, diastolic mild sigh murmur heard at the first and second auscultation area of aor ...
... of chest distress and inhalation for fifteen days. His initial vital signs included temperature 36.6°C, heart rate 78 beats/min, blood pressure 106/60 mmHg, and respiratory rate 20 breaths/min, jugular vein distension, diastolic mild sigh murmur heard at the first and second auscultation area of aor ...
Stable Angina and If Inhibition: New Insights and
... reinfarction, at least in postinfarction patients.5 Heart rate is often used to determine the appropriate dosage of β-blockers. The recommended target heart rate on treatment is in the range of 55 to 60 per minute at rest, and around 75% of that which provokes ischemia on exercise.6 In clinical prac ...
... reinfarction, at least in postinfarction patients.5 Heart rate is often used to determine the appropriate dosage of β-blockers. The recommended target heart rate on treatment is in the range of 55 to 60 per minute at rest, and around 75% of that which provokes ischemia on exercise.6 In clinical prac ...
Left ventricular mechanical limitations to stroke volume in healthy
... Previous studies have shown that left ventricular (LV) twist and untwisting (“LV twist mechanics”) play an important role in normal systolic and diastolic function at rest, contributing to LV ejection and filling (6, 13, 27, 28, 31). Two recent studies have further demonstrated that systolic and dia ...
... Previous studies have shown that left ventricular (LV) twist and untwisting (“LV twist mechanics”) play an important role in normal systolic and diastolic function at rest, contributing to LV ejection and filling (6, 13, 27, 28, 31). Two recent studies have further demonstrated that systolic and dia ...
View Presentation - Society of Thoracic Radiology
... stationary chest wall,2 3) provide a defined space for the atria to be filled while the ventricles contract, acting as a backbone to prevent atrial collapse and allowing for blood to be “pulled into” the atria. The atria can act like individual bellows that fill with new blood as their respective ve ...
... stationary chest wall,2 3) provide a defined space for the atria to be filled while the ventricles contract, acting as a backbone to prevent atrial collapse and allowing for blood to be “pulled into” the atria. The atria can act like individual bellows that fill with new blood as their respective ve ...
Cardiac - JRC-DMS
... Associate the best Doppler approach based on location of various cardiac diseases Apply pertinent Doppler formulas to the cardiac setting Explain provocative, positional and breathing maneuvers that affect venous inflow and cardiac output Explain the appearance of echocardiographic artifacts on an i ...
... Associate the best Doppler approach based on location of various cardiac diseases Apply pertinent Doppler formulas to the cardiac setting Explain provocative, positional and breathing maneuvers that affect venous inflow and cardiac output Explain the appearance of echocardiographic artifacts on an i ...
Fibrillation and defibrillation of the heart
... after approximately 12–15 min, fibrillation waves fade to become a flat isoelectric line.13 53 64 Secondary VF occurs in the presence of shock or cardiac failure and is caused by a variety of mechanisms, including dilatation, stretching, metabolic disorders, sympathetic overactivity and proarrhythmo ...
... after approximately 12–15 min, fibrillation waves fade to become a flat isoelectric line.13 53 64 Secondary VF occurs in the presence of shock or cardiac failure and is caused by a variety of mechanisms, including dilatation, stretching, metabolic disorders, sympathetic overactivity and proarrhythmo ...
Method and system for pericardial modification
... and the Wall muscles of the atria are contracted to ?ow blood into the ventricles, returning the heart to diastole. Some forms of heart failure are characteriZed by the inability of the heart to function effectively as a pump for the patient. Congestive heart failure generally refers to a condition ...
... and the Wall muscles of the atria are contracted to ?ow blood into the ventricles, returning the heart to diastole. Some forms of heart failure are characteriZed by the inability of the heart to function effectively as a pump for the patient. Congestive heart failure generally refers to a condition ...
Two components of delayed rectifier K+ current in heart: molecular
... sub-endocardial myocytes are both smaller than those in mid-myocardial and sub-epicardial myocytes[13]. However, these observations obtained in voltageclamp experiments in isolated ventricular myocytes can not be extrapolated directly to the intact heart. The transmural gradient of refractoriness ob ...
... sub-endocardial myocytes are both smaller than those in mid-myocardial and sub-epicardial myocytes[13]. However, these observations obtained in voltageclamp experiments in isolated ventricular myocytes can not be extrapolated directly to the intact heart. The transmural gradient of refractoriness ob ...
Tachycardia - UW Blogs Network
... Reentry is another general mechanism for tachyarrhythmia. Reentry may occur when an electrical impulse encounters separate and electrophysiologically distinct pathways that are anatomically connected at both ends as shown below. In this example (Figure 1), a wave of depolarization (impulse for short ...
... Reentry is another general mechanism for tachyarrhythmia. Reentry may occur when an electrical impulse encounters separate and electrophysiologically distinct pathways that are anatomically connected at both ends as shown below. In this example (Figure 1), a wave of depolarization (impulse for short ...
Congenital Systemic and Coronary-to
... artery pressure was 31/16 mmHg, the mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was 17 mmHg, and the right atrial pressure was 13 mmHg. Tecnetium-43 myocardial scintigraphy showed a decrease in ejection fraction from 53% at rest to 46% at exercise. Selective coronary angiography demonstrated a bilateral ...
... artery pressure was 31/16 mmHg, the mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was 17 mmHg, and the right atrial pressure was 13 mmHg. Tecnetium-43 myocardial scintigraphy showed a decrease in ejection fraction from 53% at rest to 46% at exercise. Selective coronary angiography demonstrated a bilateral ...
Running head: ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
... anticoagulation to reduce stroke risk, but rhythm control strategies involve medical or electrical conversion to sinus rhythm to improve hemodynamics and reduce the risk of stroke (Cayley, 2005). Regardless of the treatment the goal remains the same; to reduce unpleasant symptoms and minimize the ri ...
... anticoagulation to reduce stroke risk, but rhythm control strategies involve medical or electrical conversion to sinus rhythm to improve hemodynamics and reduce the risk of stroke (Cayley, 2005). Regardless of the treatment the goal remains the same; to reduce unpleasant symptoms and minimize the ri ...
Learn ECG in a Day
... written a book on ECG which is one of the important subjects in General Medicine. I appreciate his knowledge and interest in the subject. I hope this book will be helpful for all MBBS and beginners in postgraduation. I wish him a bright future. ...
... written a book on ECG which is one of the important subjects in General Medicine. I appreciate his knowledge and interest in the subject. I hope this book will be helpful for all MBBS and beginners in postgraduation. I wish him a bright future. ...
1 Abstract Introduction: Several cases of Morgagni hernia have
... The present case is the first report of a pericardial effusion after a laparoscopic mesh repair of a Morgagni hernia R and a hernia stapler. The intraabdominal pressure was set relatively low at 6 mmHg, ...
... The present case is the first report of a pericardial effusion after a laparoscopic mesh repair of a Morgagni hernia R and a hernia stapler. The intraabdominal pressure was set relatively low at 6 mmHg, ...
Acute Right Atrial and Ventricular Infarction
... A group of patients exists in whom, despite complete occlusion of the right coronary artery, left-sided infarction is not accompanied by significant necrosis of the right ventricle or right ventricular dysfunction. This has been associated with various factors, such as a) lower oxygen demand in the ...
... A group of patients exists in whom, despite complete occlusion of the right coronary artery, left-sided infarction is not accompanied by significant necrosis of the right ventricle or right ventricular dysfunction. This has been associated with various factors, such as a) lower oxygen demand in the ...
Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension -
... disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is the most common cause of pulmonary hypertension. During acute exacerbations of COPD, hypoxia and uncompensated hypercarbia can increase pulmonary blood pressure. Pulmonary hypertension may occur when blood flow through large pulmonar ...
... disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is the most common cause of pulmonary hypertension. During acute exacerbations of COPD, hypoxia and uncompensated hypercarbia can increase pulmonary blood pressure. Pulmonary hypertension may occur when blood flow through large pulmonar ...
B-Type Natriuretic Peptide
... comprise a family of structurally related peptides in which the bioactive domains reside in the C-terminal region of the propeptides (Fig. 1). Patients with cardiac disease display increased concentrations of ANP in plasma (15 ). Increased BNP concentrations also circulate in patients suffering from ...
... comprise a family of structurally related peptides in which the bioactive domains reside in the C-terminal region of the propeptides (Fig. 1). Patients with cardiac disease display increased concentrations of ANP in plasma (15 ). Increased BNP concentrations also circulate in patients suffering from ...
Pulmonary vascular wall stiffness: An important contributor to the
... functional status, such as RV mass and size, mean right atrial pressure, ejection fraction and cardiac index, have been shown to be strong predictors of survival.[2,4-8] As a consequence, there is growing interest in therapies that act directly on the RV to restore function.[9] Importantly, RV funct ...
... functional status, such as RV mass and size, mean right atrial pressure, ejection fraction and cardiac index, have been shown to be strong predictors of survival.[2,4-8] As a consequence, there is growing interest in therapies that act directly on the RV to restore function.[9] Importantly, RV funct ...
valve and supravalvar mitral ring - Heart
... After correction the pressures were: left ventricle iiolio mmHg, right ventricle 50/I0 mmHg, left atrium (mean) 14 mmHg, right atrium (mean) I2 mmHg. The child has done well, with increased growth and greatly increased effort tolerance. There is still a short apical mid-diastolic murmur and palpable ...
... After correction the pressures were: left ventricle iiolio mmHg, right ventricle 50/I0 mmHg, left atrium (mean) 14 mmHg, right atrium (mean) I2 mmHg. The child has done well, with increased growth and greatly increased effort tolerance. There is still a short apical mid-diastolic murmur and palpable ...
Chapter 28: Pacemakers and Implantable
... 23. Once a permanent pulse generator is implanted, the only way to alter its pacing parameters is with a _______________________ that communicates with the pacemaker through a wand placed over the pulse generator. 24. The pacing __________ is an insulated wire used to transmit the electrical current ...
... 23. Once a permanent pulse generator is implanted, the only way to alter its pacing parameters is with a _______________________ that communicates with the pacemaker through a wand placed over the pulse generator. 24. The pacing __________ is an insulated wire used to transmit the electrical current ...
Regulation of atrial natriuretic peptide
... been found to increase in humans with water immersion (Epstein et al., 1989), in clinical conditions such as heart failure (Tikkanen et al., 1985) and renal failure (Rascher et al., 1985). Rate of contraction has been suggested to stimulate ANP secretion (Schiebinger and Linden, 1986). ANP secretion ...
... been found to increase in humans with water immersion (Epstein et al., 1989), in clinical conditions such as heart failure (Tikkanen et al., 1985) and renal failure (Rascher et al., 1985). Rate of contraction has been suggested to stimulate ANP secretion (Schiebinger and Linden, 1986). ANP secretion ...
Translational models of coronary artery disease, myocardial
... Development, validation and in vivo imaging studies using positron emission tomography Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine and Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Coronary artery disease is an atherosclerotic disease, which leads to narrowing of coronary arteries ...
... Development, validation and in vivo imaging studies using positron emission tomography Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine and Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Coronary artery disease is an atherosclerotic disease, which leads to narrowing of coronary arteries ...
Sample Chapter 36 from Runge: Netter`s Cardiology, 2nd Edition
... Dysfunction of any component of the mitral apparatus can cause mitral regurgitation. Mitral regurgitation also frequently occurs in the absence of primary mitral valve disease in patients with cardiomyopathy and ventricular dilation. When the cause of mitral regurgitation is primarily a valve defect ...
... Dysfunction of any component of the mitral apparatus can cause mitral regurgitation. Mitral regurgitation also frequently occurs in the absence of primary mitral valve disease in patients with cardiomyopathy and ventricular dilation. When the cause of mitral regurgitation is primarily a valve defect ...
Robertson, Taylor, Final Thesis.
... Cardiac hypertrophy is defined as an increase in heart muscle mass with changes in cardiac geometry (Frey & Olson, 2003; Razeghi & Taegtmeyer, 2006; Shiojima & Walsh, 2006; Dorn, 2007; McMullen & Jennings, 2007; Hill & Olson, 2008; Chung & Leinward, 2014). Cardiac hypertrophy can be induced by eithe ...
... Cardiac hypertrophy is defined as an increase in heart muscle mass with changes in cardiac geometry (Frey & Olson, 2003; Razeghi & Taegtmeyer, 2006; Shiojima & Walsh, 2006; Dorn, 2007; McMullen & Jennings, 2007; Hill & Olson, 2008; Chung & Leinward, 2014). Cardiac hypertrophy can be induced by eithe ...
Right ventricular remodeling and function in pulmonary arterial hypertension
... Pathophysiology of RV remodeling and dysfunction The heart functions as an ‘on-demand’ pump in order to fulfill the needs of sufficient oxygen delivery to the body8. During chronic pressure overload, the RV has to increase its work in order to sustain cardiac output (CO). According to the Law of Lap ...
... Pathophysiology of RV remodeling and dysfunction The heart functions as an ‘on-demand’ pump in order to fulfill the needs of sufficient oxygen delivery to the body8. During chronic pressure overload, the RV has to increase its work in order to sustain cardiac output (CO). According to the Law of Lap ...
Heart failure
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Heartfailure.jpg?width=300)
Heart failure (HF), often referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF), occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs. The terms chronic heart failure (CHF) or congestive cardiac failure (CCF) are often used interchangeably with congestive heart failure. Signs and symptoms commonly include shortness of breath, excessive tiredness, and leg swelling. The shortness of breath is usually worse with exercise, while lying down, and may wake the person at night. A limited ability to exercise is also a common feature.Common causes of heart failure include coronary artery disease including a previous myocardial infarction (heart attack), high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, excess alcohol use, infection, and cardiomyopathy of an unknown cause. These cause heart failure by changing either the structure or the functioning of the heart. There are two main types of heart failure: heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure with normal ejection fraction depending on if the ability of the left ventricle to contract is affected, or the heart's ability to relax. The severity of disease is usually graded by the degree of problems with exercise. Heart failure is not the same as myocardial infarction (in which part of the heart muscle dies) or cardiac arrest (in which blood flow stops altogether). Other diseases that may have symptoms similar to heart failure include obesity, kidney failure, liver problems, anemia and thyroid disease.The condition is diagnosed based on the history of the symptoms and a physical examination with confirmation by echocardiography. Blood tests, electrocardiography, and chest radiography may be useful to determine the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the disease. In people with chronic stable mild heart failure, treatment commonly consists of lifestyle modifications such as stopping smoking, physical exercise, and dietary changes, as well as medications. In those with heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers along with beta blockers are recommended. For those with severe disease, aldosterone antagonists, or hydralazine plus a nitrate may be used. Diuretics are useful for preventing fluid retention. Sometimes, depending on the cause, an implanted device such as a pacemaker or an implantable cardiac defibrillator may be recommended. In some moderate or severe cases cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) may be suggested or cardiac contractility modulation may be of benefit. A ventricular assist device or occasionally a heart transplant may be recommended in those with severe disease despite all other measures.Heart failure is a common, costly, and potentially fatal condition. In developed countries, around 2% of adults have heart failure and in those over the age of 65, this increases to 6–10%. In the year after diagnosis the risk of death is about 35% after which it decreases to below 10% each year. This is similar to the risks with a number of types of cancer. In the United Kingdom the disease is the reason for 5% of emergency hospital admissions. Heart failure has been known since ancient times with the Ebers papyrus commenting on it around 1550 BCE.