Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and sepsis
... time of 1.5 to 2 times normal. This target may be temporarily lowered if there is significant bleeding. Plasma haemoglobin concentration is monitored (at least) daily to detect erythrocyte haemolysis. A high plasma haemoglobin concentration may indicate clot formation or excessively high pressures a ...
... time of 1.5 to 2 times normal. This target may be temporarily lowered if there is significant bleeding. Plasma haemoglobin concentration is monitored (at least) daily to detect erythrocyte haemolysis. A high plasma haemoglobin concentration may indicate clot formation or excessively high pressures a ...
Atrial Fibrillation: New Horizons
... The understanding of the pathophysiology of AF has changed drastically during the last several decades. Recent observations have challenged the concept of the multiple circuit reentry model in favor of single focus or single circuit reentry models. Atrial electrical dysfunction provides a favorable ...
... The understanding of the pathophysiology of AF has changed drastically during the last several decades. Recent observations have challenged the concept of the multiple circuit reentry model in favor of single focus or single circuit reentry models. Atrial electrical dysfunction provides a favorable ...
Myocardial Mechanics and Collagen Structure in the Osteogenesis
... the genes encoding type I collagen pro-␣1 and pro-␣2 chains. In most cases, the mutation is unknown and diagnosis is made by clinical assessment of symptoms, which include bone fragility, defective skeletal development, smaller stature, and blue sclera. Few data are available regarding implications ...
... the genes encoding type I collagen pro-␣1 and pro-␣2 chains. In most cases, the mutation is unknown and diagnosis is made by clinical assessment of symptoms, which include bone fragility, defective skeletal development, smaller stature, and blue sclera. Few data are available regarding implications ...
The Hemodynamic Effect of Intrinsic Conduction During Left
... necessitating more pre-excitation of the LV in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy compared to those with dilated cardiomyopathy (9). This might be explained by the presence of scar tissue resulting in a slower conduction velocity in the ischemic group (11). The slow conduction is compensated by a ...
... necessitating more pre-excitation of the LV in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy compared to those with dilated cardiomyopathy (9). This might be explained by the presence of scar tissue resulting in a slower conduction velocity in the ischemic group (11). The slow conduction is compensated by a ...
Depolarization wave and mechanics in the paced heart : model and
... The heart is a hollow muscular organ that pumps blood through the vascular system. Myofiber contraction is initiated by depolarization of the cell membrane. A coherent contraction of all myofibers in the cardiac walls is a requisite for an efficient pump function of the heart as a whole. In the hear ...
... The heart is a hollow muscular organ that pumps blood through the vascular system. Myofiber contraction is initiated by depolarization of the cell membrane. A coherent contraction of all myofibers in the cardiac walls is a requisite for an efficient pump function of the heart as a whole. In the hear ...
Review Article Epicardial Ablation For Ventricular Tachycardia
... with a CT scan. Two cases of abdominal bleeding due to damage of a diaphragmatic vessel are reported in the literature [3]. One [4] of these occurred in our center two years ago and was discovered 3 days after the procedure because of the presence of progressive anemia in the absence of pericardial ...
... with a CT scan. Two cases of abdominal bleeding due to damage of a diaphragmatic vessel are reported in the literature [3]. One [4] of these occurred in our center two years ago and was discovered 3 days after the procedure because of the presence of progressive anemia in the absence of pericardial ...
The role of altered fatty acid metabolism in cardiomyopathy and
... The heart pumps blood to supply oxygen and nutrients to the tissues in our body. The importance of the heart was first recognized in the 4 th century BC, by the Greek philosopher Aristotle from his observation in chick embryos that the heart was formed first before the rest of the internal organs. H ...
... The heart pumps blood to supply oxygen and nutrients to the tissues in our body. The importance of the heart was first recognized in the 4 th century BC, by the Greek philosopher Aristotle from his observation in chick embryos that the heart was formed first before the rest of the internal organs. H ...
ללא כותרת שקופית
... sound in the cardiac cycle. It is produced in late diastole as a result of atrial contraction causing vibrations of the LV muscle, mitral valve apparatus, and LV blood mass. Disease processes that produce an S4 include hypertension, aortic stenosis and regurgitation, severe mitral regurgitation, ...
... sound in the cardiac cycle. It is produced in late diastole as a result of atrial contraction causing vibrations of the LV muscle, mitral valve apparatus, and LV blood mass. Disease processes that produce an S4 include hypertension, aortic stenosis and regurgitation, severe mitral regurgitation, ...
Independent effects of preload, afterload, and contractility on left
... loading conditions were changed under a constant inotropic status (Fig. 1). We first changed the preload (preload down and preload up) so that EDV during intervention of preload down and ESV during intervention of preload up were arbitrarily maintained at a value that was midway between baseline EDV ...
... loading conditions were changed under a constant inotropic status (Fig. 1). We first changed the preload (preload down and preload up) so that EDV during intervention of preload down and ESV during intervention of preload up were arbitrarily maintained at a value that was midway between baseline EDV ...
Xanthine Derivatives in the Heart: Blessed or Cursed?
... specific adenosine receptor activation. All subtypes of adenosine receptors are available in the heart [24]. A1 adenosine receptors are negatively coupled to adenylyl cyclase, and are responsible for the reduction of sinoatrial rate, AV-conduction, atrial contractile force, attenuation of the positi ...
... specific adenosine receptor activation. All subtypes of adenosine receptors are available in the heart [24]. A1 adenosine receptors are negatively coupled to adenylyl cyclase, and are responsible for the reduction of sinoatrial rate, AV-conduction, atrial contractile force, attenuation of the positi ...
Uncommon Conal Pathology in Complete Dextrotransposition of the
... the conal septum may be said to be delimited by imaginary lines running vertically through the midpoints of the right and left coronary leaflets of the aortic valve. The subaortic conal free wall is composed of the remainder of the subaortic conus that lies outside the two imaginary lines. In most c ...
... the conal septum may be said to be delimited by imaginary lines running vertically through the midpoints of the right and left coronary leaflets of the aortic valve. The subaortic conal free wall is composed of the remainder of the subaortic conus that lies outside the two imaginary lines. In most c ...
How Harmful is Conventional Right Ventricular Apical Pacing
... of complete LBBB (QRS >140 ms) has been shown [22]. Risk remains significant even after adjusting for age, underlying cardiac disease, indicators of HF severity, and HF medications. The VEST Study [23] demonstrated that QRS duration was found to be an independent predictor of mortality. Patients wit ...
... of complete LBBB (QRS >140 ms) has been shown [22]. Risk remains significant even after adjusting for age, underlying cardiac disease, indicators of HF severity, and HF medications. The VEST Study [23] demonstrated that QRS duration was found to be an independent predictor of mortality. Patients wit ...
Transvenous Temporary Cardiac Pacing
... A more effective and safe, albeit a bit more time consuming, approach utilizes the pacing bipolar electrode catheter as an ECG lead to monitor the advancement and correct endocardial placement of the pacing lead by observing the changes in the endocardial electrogram pattern during passage of the ca ...
... A more effective and safe, albeit a bit more time consuming, approach utilizes the pacing bipolar electrode catheter as an ECG lead to monitor the advancement and correct endocardial placement of the pacing lead by observing the changes in the endocardial electrogram pattern during passage of the ca ...
Effects of Ischemia and Hypercarbic Acidosis on Myocyte Calcium
... infused at a final concentration of 2.5 ,uM with 5% fetal calf serum. Initial experiments were performed in hearts that had been perfused with indo-1 AM for 30 minutes followed by a 30-minute washout to eliminate extracellular indo-1 AM. High-quality calcium transients were obtained by this techniqu ...
... infused at a final concentration of 2.5 ,uM with 5% fetal calf serum. Initial experiments were performed in hearts that had been perfused with indo-1 AM for 30 minutes followed by a 30-minute washout to eliminate extracellular indo-1 AM. High-quality calcium transients were obtained by this techniqu ...
the left atrium in hypertension: a symbol of mortality and morbidity?
... There may also be an interaction between left atrial pathophysiology and arterial hypertension, one of the commonest risk factors for cardiovascular disease and stroke? Conflicting data exist regarding the influence of blood pressure on left atrial size. The Framingham study [20] demonstrated that i ...
... There may also be an interaction between left atrial pathophysiology and arterial hypertension, one of the commonest risk factors for cardiovascular disease and stroke? Conflicting data exist regarding the influence of blood pressure on left atrial size. The Framingham study [20] demonstrated that i ...
QTc interval and survival in 75-year
... of sensitivity and specificity) of QTc interval length for predicting survival was found between 429 and 430 ms, at both 5 and 6.4 years. All the QTc intervals were measured to the nearest whole number (in ms), implying that this classification corresponded to a dichotomization into ,430 ms/430 ms. U ...
... of sensitivity and specificity) of QTc interval length for predicting survival was found between 429 and 430 ms, at both 5 and 6.4 years. All the QTc intervals were measured to the nearest whole number (in ms), implying that this classification corresponded to a dichotomization into ,430 ms/430 ms. U ...
NCD Watch August 2016
... Box 1: Major risk factors for atrial fibrillation Advancing age — Anyone can have atrial fibrillation, but the risk is greater as people age. For each advancing decade of age, the risk of developing atrial fibrillation are about doubled. 13 For example, men aged 75 to 79 were 2 times and more than 5 ...
... Box 1: Major risk factors for atrial fibrillation Advancing age — Anyone can have atrial fibrillation, but the risk is greater as people age. For each advancing decade of age, the risk of developing atrial fibrillation are about doubled. 13 For example, men aged 75 to 79 were 2 times and more than 5 ...
Myocardial ischaemia and the cardiac nervous system
... diverse regions of the dog heart [38,40]. Having said that, adrenergic neurones in atrial ganglia preferentially innervated atrial tissues whereas those in ventricular ganglionated plexuses preferentially innervate ventricular tissue [54]. Intrinsic cardiac neurones are also capable of influencing c ...
... diverse regions of the dog heart [38,40]. Having said that, adrenergic neurones in atrial ganglia preferentially innervated atrial tissues whereas those in ventricular ganglionated plexuses preferentially innervate ventricular tissue [54]. Intrinsic cardiac neurones are also capable of influencing c ...
Left ventricular hypertrophy and the insulin resistance
... left ventricle of the heart increases. A too large left ventricular mass is known as left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). LVH is a very common condition. The prevalence of echocardiographic LVH in the general population ranges from 10-20% in young and middle-aged subjects to 30-50% in elderly subject ...
... left ventricle of the heart increases. A too large left ventricular mass is known as left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). LVH is a very common condition. The prevalence of echocardiographic LVH in the general population ranges from 10-20% in young and middle-aged subjects to 30-50% in elderly subject ...
Electrocardiogram Interpretation
... shows, ischemic or infarction patterns were by far the most common abnormality, present on 49% of all recordings. Given the obvious importance of being able to recognize ischemia and infarction early for patients in a rural setting, this means that rural family physicians must be able to work throug ...
... shows, ischemic or infarction patterns were by far the most common abnormality, present on 49% of all recordings. Given the obvious importance of being able to recognize ischemia and infarction early for patients in a rural setting, this means that rural family physicians must be able to work throug ...
The importance of exercise echocardiography for clinical decision
... in symptomatic patients with less-than-severe mitral regurgitation in order to assess the haemodynamic consequences of mitral regurgitation. Continuous echocardiographic examination during semisupine ergometry is preferred over postexercise echocardiography, as measurements can differ significantly ...
... in symptomatic patients with less-than-severe mitral regurgitation in order to assess the haemodynamic consequences of mitral regurgitation. Continuous echocardiographic examination during semisupine ergometry is preferred over postexercise echocardiography, as measurements can differ significantly ...
Chapter 96 - Extras Springer
... to depolarize the ventricles completely (capture) or partially (fusion). In the latter situation, fusion occurs because of concomitant ventricular activation from the VT focus (Fig. 96.5). ...
... to depolarize the ventricles completely (capture) or partially (fusion). In the latter situation, fusion occurs because of concomitant ventricular activation from the VT focus (Fig. 96.5). ...
"MRS Studies of Creatine Kinase Metabolism in Human Heart" in
... aging, diet, sedentary lifestyle, hypoxia, and obesity. The results from studies of patients with myocardial infarction, ischemia, dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, valve disease, heart failure, diabetes, and other disorders are summarized, with the quantitative findings tabulated. The myoc ...
... aging, diet, sedentary lifestyle, hypoxia, and obesity. The results from studies of patients with myocardial infarction, ischemia, dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, valve disease, heart failure, diabetes, and other disorders are summarized, with the quantitative findings tabulated. The myoc ...
Atrial Dysrhythmias
... seen with abnormal ventricular conduction – For this reason they can be confused with PVCs ...
... seen with abnormal ventricular conduction – For this reason they can be confused with PVCs ...
Heart failure
Heart failure (HF), often referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF), occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs. The terms chronic heart failure (CHF) or congestive cardiac failure (CCF) are often used interchangeably with congestive heart failure. Signs and symptoms commonly include shortness of breath, excessive tiredness, and leg swelling. The shortness of breath is usually worse with exercise, while lying down, and may wake the person at night. A limited ability to exercise is also a common feature.Common causes of heart failure include coronary artery disease including a previous myocardial infarction (heart attack), high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, excess alcohol use, infection, and cardiomyopathy of an unknown cause. These cause heart failure by changing either the structure or the functioning of the heart. There are two main types of heart failure: heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure with normal ejection fraction depending on if the ability of the left ventricle to contract is affected, or the heart's ability to relax. The severity of disease is usually graded by the degree of problems with exercise. Heart failure is not the same as myocardial infarction (in which part of the heart muscle dies) or cardiac arrest (in which blood flow stops altogether). Other diseases that may have symptoms similar to heart failure include obesity, kidney failure, liver problems, anemia and thyroid disease.The condition is diagnosed based on the history of the symptoms and a physical examination with confirmation by echocardiography. Blood tests, electrocardiography, and chest radiography may be useful to determine the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the disease. In people with chronic stable mild heart failure, treatment commonly consists of lifestyle modifications such as stopping smoking, physical exercise, and dietary changes, as well as medications. In those with heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers along with beta blockers are recommended. For those with severe disease, aldosterone antagonists, or hydralazine plus a nitrate may be used. Diuretics are useful for preventing fluid retention. Sometimes, depending on the cause, an implanted device such as a pacemaker or an implantable cardiac defibrillator may be recommended. In some moderate or severe cases cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) may be suggested or cardiac contractility modulation may be of benefit. A ventricular assist device or occasionally a heart transplant may be recommended in those with severe disease despite all other measures.Heart failure is a common, costly, and potentially fatal condition. In developed countries, around 2% of adults have heart failure and in those over the age of 65, this increases to 6–10%. In the year after diagnosis the risk of death is about 35% after which it decreases to below 10% each year. This is similar to the risks with a number of types of cancer. In the United Kingdom the disease is the reason for 5% of emergency hospital admissions. Heart failure has been known since ancient times with the Ebers papyrus commenting on it around 1550 BCE.