syncope: diagnosis and treatment – marc kraus
... The definition of neurally mediated syncope (NMS) is: The development of arterial vasodilatation in the setting of relative or absolute bradycardia. Usually, bradycardia is expected with cardiogenic syncope. However, vasodepressor syncope (ie carotid-sinus hypersensitivity) is defined as a pure vaso ...
... The definition of neurally mediated syncope (NMS) is: The development of arterial vasodilatation in the setting of relative or absolute bradycardia. Usually, bradycardia is expected with cardiogenic syncope. However, vasodepressor syncope (ie carotid-sinus hypersensitivity) is defined as a pure vaso ...
Minimizing Ventricular Pacing to Reduce Atrial Fibrillation in Sinus
... beats to atrial activity, prevents syncope during atrioventricular block, and slightly reduces the risk of atrial fibrillation as compared with ventricular pacing. Dual-chamber pacing, however, does not reduce mortality and has a minimal effect on the risk of stroke and heart failure.4-8 Furthermore ...
... beats to atrial activity, prevents syncope during atrioventricular block, and slightly reduces the risk of atrial fibrillation as compared with ventricular pacing. Dual-chamber pacing, however, does not reduce mortality and has a minimal effect on the risk of stroke and heart failure.4-8 Furthermore ...
Serum Magnesium and the Risk of Death From Coronary Heart
... probability curves for CHD mortality, nonsudden CHD mortality, and SCD adjusted for competing risk of death by other causes as proposed by Fine and Grey.35 We used Cox proportional hazard regression models to examine the relationship between serum magnesium and CHD mortality, nonsudden CHD mortality ...
... probability curves for CHD mortality, nonsudden CHD mortality, and SCD adjusted for competing risk of death by other causes as proposed by Fine and Grey.35 We used Cox proportional hazard regression models to examine the relationship between serum magnesium and CHD mortality, nonsudden CHD mortality ...
Coronary structure and perfusion in health and disease
... the function of the coronary circulation. Such a model should provide a rational basis for the interpretation of perfusion data obtained in control and exercise conditions. The aim of this paper is to describe the basic principles of anatomic design of the intramural coronary circulation as well as ...
... the function of the coronary circulation. Such a model should provide a rational basis for the interpretation of perfusion data obtained in control and exercise conditions. The aim of this paper is to describe the basic principles of anatomic design of the intramural coronary circulation as well as ...
Intercapillary Distance and Capillary Reserve in Hypertrophied Rat
... view has been challenged by recent studies based on different histological methods which purport to show that capillaries proliferate in pathological hypertrophy.3"5 However, it seems likely that capillary growth is not proportional to hypertrophy of the muscle fibers.1"3'5>(i All such studies to da ...
... view has been challenged by recent studies based on different histological methods which purport to show that capillaries proliferate in pathological hypertrophy.3"5 However, it seems likely that capillary growth is not proportional to hypertrophy of the muscle fibers.1"3'5>(i All such studies to da ...
Intercapillary Distance and Capillary Reserve in
... view has been challenged by recent studies based on different histological methods which purport to show that capillaries proliferate in pathological hypertrophy.3"5 However, it seems likely that capillary growth is not proportional to hypertrophy of the muscle fibers.1"3'5>(i All such studies to da ...
... view has been challenged by recent studies based on different histological methods which purport to show that capillaries proliferate in pathological hypertrophy.3"5 However, it seems likely that capillary growth is not proportional to hypertrophy of the muscle fibers.1"3'5>(i All such studies to da ...
The Coronary Venous Anatomy
... the left circumflex coronary artery) and wraps around the left side of the heart, going posterior to merge with the coronary sinus. In addition to several smaller tributaries from the left atrium and ventricles, the great cardiac vein receives two main branches, namely the large left marginal vein, ...
... the left circumflex coronary artery) and wraps around the left side of the heart, going posterior to merge with the coronary sinus. In addition to several smaller tributaries from the left atrium and ventricles, the great cardiac vein receives two main branches, namely the large left marginal vein, ...
Myocardial Extracellular Volume Fraction From T1 Measurements in
... underestimation of both the presence and extent of diffuse fibrosis (5 7). The LGE technique relies on relative enhancement of an abnormal region of myocardium compared with a normal reference. In conditions such as hypertension, sleep apnea, valvular disease, diabetes, obesity, and nonischemic cardi ...
... underestimation of both the presence and extent of diffuse fibrosis (5 7). The LGE technique relies on relative enhancement of an abnormal region of myocardium compared with a normal reference. In conditions such as hypertension, sleep apnea, valvular disease, diabetes, obesity, and nonischemic cardi ...
Closure of atrial septal defect in the adult. Cardiac remodeling is an
... change later on. The temporal pattern of the left ventricular changes, although going in an opposite direction, followed by and large those of the right heart. At the “one-year” examination after closure there was no statistically significant differences in right ventricular – right atrium pressure ...
... change later on. The temporal pattern of the left ventricular changes, although going in an opposite direction, followed by and large those of the right heart. At the “one-year” examination after closure there was no statistically significant differences in right ventricular – right atrium pressure ...
Effect of Right Ventricular Pacing on Ventricular Rhythm During
... Autonomie influences. Because the latency of the baroreceptor reflex effect on A V conduction is longer than the longest RR interval usually present during atrial fibrillation in the absence of AV conduction abnormality (30,31), it is unlikely that during right ventricular pacing autonomic inftuence ...
... Autonomie influences. Because the latency of the baroreceptor reflex effect on A V conduction is longer than the longest RR interval usually present during atrial fibrillation in the absence of AV conduction abnormality (30,31), it is unlikely that during right ventricular pacing autonomic inftuence ...
Sudden Cardiac Death in the Young
... Ackerman et al Sudden Cardiac Death in the Young 1007 accurate statistics regarding incidence and risk factors. Table 1 presents the incidence of SCD in a variety of younger populations and settings. This highlights the variation inherent in these estimates, and also clearly indicates that the ...
... Ackerman et al Sudden Cardiac Death in the Young 1007 accurate statistics regarding incidence and risk factors. Table 1 presents the incidence of SCD in a variety of younger populations and settings. This highlights the variation inherent in these estimates, and also clearly indicates that the ...
Quantitative Imaging of Diastolic Function using Cardiac Magnetic
... blood velocity and flow, left atrial propagation velocity and atrio-ventricular pressure gradients. Mitral blood velocity and flow were found to have distinct time-courses that become more similar with increasing severity of diastolic dysfunction. Velocity propagation, a wave-like pressure wave phen ...
... blood velocity and flow, left atrial propagation velocity and atrio-ventricular pressure gradients. Mitral blood velocity and flow were found to have distinct time-courses that become more similar with increasing severity of diastolic dysfunction. Velocity propagation, a wave-like pressure wave phen ...
The Autonomic Nervous System and Atrial Fibrillation:The
... junctional reentry (AVNRT) atrial flutter (AFL) and ventricular arrhythmias, clinical electrophysiologists have focused on the myocardial basis of atrial fibrillation (AF). Thus, the strategy for ablation of drug and cardioversion refractory AF was to isolate the myocardial connections from the foca ...
... junctional reentry (AVNRT) atrial flutter (AFL) and ventricular arrhythmias, clinical electrophysiologists have focused on the myocardial basis of atrial fibrillation (AF). Thus, the strategy for ablation of drug and cardioversion refractory AF was to isolate the myocardial connections from the foca ...
Syncope
... Syncope when diagnosis cannot be made noninvasively; syncope with structural heart disease ...
... Syncope when diagnosis cannot be made noninvasively; syncope with structural heart disease ...
Chapter 35 - Extras Springer
... all medical centers and subsequently is the most widely utilized cardiac testing modality. The diagnosis of CAD by echocardiography is based on the concept that acute myocardial ischemia or infarction produces a detectable impairment in regional left ventricular (LV) mechanical function. Identificat ...
... all medical centers and subsequently is the most widely utilized cardiac testing modality. The diagnosis of CAD by echocardiography is based on the concept that acute myocardial ischemia or infarction produces a detectable impairment in regional left ventricular (LV) mechanical function. Identificat ...
Advances in Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology
... the right atrium, the left atrium lacks a terminal crest. Instead, the border between appendage and body of the left atrium is the oval-shaped os, with a mean long diameter of 17.4⫾4 mm and short diameter of 10.9⫾4.2 mm measured on heart specimens.23 In some hearts, the endocardial aspect of the atr ...
... the right atrium, the left atrium lacks a terminal crest. Instead, the border between appendage and body of the left atrium is the oval-shaped os, with a mean long diameter of 17.4⫾4 mm and short diameter of 10.9⫾4.2 mm measured on heart specimens.23 In some hearts, the endocardial aspect of the atr ...
Experimental Demonstration of Concealed AV
... partially penetrating impulses-with the exception of the last one-have been confirmed, and their mechanism has been elucidated in detail, in recent animal experiments.6-9 In the course of our observations during artificial pacing, all known manifestations of concealed conduction could be reproduced ...
... partially penetrating impulses-with the exception of the last one-have been confirmed, and their mechanism has been elucidated in detail, in recent animal experiments.6-9 In the course of our observations during artificial pacing, all known manifestations of concealed conduction could be reproduced ...
The Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation
... that there are no blood clots in the heart. The blood still needs to be thinned out with warfarin for at least 1 month after cardioversion. In some patients, medications to prevent a recurrence of atrial fibrillation may not be needed after cardioversion. But in many patients, medications are neede ...
... that there are no blood clots in the heart. The blood still needs to be thinned out with warfarin for at least 1 month after cardioversion. In some patients, medications to prevent a recurrence of atrial fibrillation may not be needed after cardioversion. But in many patients, medications are neede ...
Cardiac Endothelial-Myocardial Signaling
... X-100 in a Langendorff heart before isolation of the papillary muscle. Endothelial damage or dysfunction induced premature relaxation and concomitantly decreased peak force development. [Modified from Brutsaert et al. (60).] ...
... X-100 in a Langendorff heart before isolation of the papillary muscle. Endothelial damage or dysfunction induced premature relaxation and concomitantly decreased peak force development. [Modified from Brutsaert et al. (60).] ...
Practical diastology André Y Denault, Pierre Couture CITATION
... evaluated LV diastolic function of 179 consecutive patients we observed that patients with pseudonormal and restrictive patterns had higher pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) than those with normal or mild diastolic function[5]. Restrictive diastolic dysfunction is encountered in less than 5% ...
... evaluated LV diastolic function of 179 consecutive patients we observed that patients with pseudonormal and restrictive patterns had higher pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) than those with normal or mild diastolic function[5]. Restrictive diastolic dysfunction is encountered in less than 5% ...
Heart rate variability in young adults
... nervous system (ANS). Studies during the last three decades have revealed relations between the function of ANS and cardiometabolic risk. Autonomic regulation of heart rate can be quantitatively examined by studying fluctuations in heart beat, i.e. heart rate variability (HRV). Decreased HRV has bee ...
... nervous system (ANS). Studies during the last three decades have revealed relations between the function of ANS and cardiometabolic risk. Autonomic regulation of heart rate can be quantitatively examined by studying fluctuations in heart beat, i.e. heart rate variability (HRV). Decreased HRV has bee ...
Failure of Glycogen Depletion to Improve Left Ventricular Function of
... lactate buildup and improves functional recovery on reperfusion in the isolated rabbit heart. Cardiac glycogen was reduced either by substituting N2 for O2 in the perfusate or by perfusion with substrate-free solution, before the onset of ischemia. Hearts were subjected to either 30 minutes of normo ...
... lactate buildup and improves functional recovery on reperfusion in the isolated rabbit heart. Cardiac glycogen was reduced either by substituting N2 for O2 in the perfusate or by perfusion with substrate-free solution, before the onset of ischemia. Hearts were subjected to either 30 minutes of normo ...
Print - Circulation
... enlargement of hypoplastic pulmonary arteries may be obtained surgically by reconstructing right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery continuity with a pericardial patch graft, leaving the VSD unrepaired.43 If no stenoses occur in the systemic collateral arteries before the peripheral distribution, the ult ...
... enlargement of hypoplastic pulmonary arteries may be obtained surgically by reconstructing right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery continuity with a pericardial patch graft, leaving the VSD unrepaired.43 If no stenoses occur in the systemic collateral arteries before the peripheral distribution, the ult ...
Valvular-ventricular interaction: importance of the
... Interpretation of these data is difficult, in part, because of the inherent problems in assessing the intrinsic contractility of the left ventricle preoperatively in patients with mitral regurgitation. The extent of left ventricular shortening is influenced by the end-diastolic fiber length (i.e., p ...
... Interpretation of these data is difficult, in part, because of the inherent problems in assessing the intrinsic contractility of the left ventricle preoperatively in patients with mitral regurgitation. The extent of left ventricular shortening is influenced by the end-diastolic fiber length (i.e., p ...
Improved Left Ventricular Relaxation During Short
... pacing, indicating more favorable left ventricular relaxation. This benefit could be attributed to shorter intraventricular conduction times during outflow tract pacing, evidenced by shorter QRS complexes. Previous studies20 –22 have shown that indexes of isovolumic relaxation are independent of loa ...
... pacing, indicating more favorable left ventricular relaxation. This benefit could be attributed to shorter intraventricular conduction times during outflow tract pacing, evidenced by shorter QRS complexes. Previous studies20 –22 have shown that indexes of isovolumic relaxation are independent of loa ...
Heart failure
Heart failure (HF), often referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF), occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs. The terms chronic heart failure (CHF) or congestive cardiac failure (CCF) are often used interchangeably with congestive heart failure. Signs and symptoms commonly include shortness of breath, excessive tiredness, and leg swelling. The shortness of breath is usually worse with exercise, while lying down, and may wake the person at night. A limited ability to exercise is also a common feature.Common causes of heart failure include coronary artery disease including a previous myocardial infarction (heart attack), high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, excess alcohol use, infection, and cardiomyopathy of an unknown cause. These cause heart failure by changing either the structure or the functioning of the heart. There are two main types of heart failure: heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure with normal ejection fraction depending on if the ability of the left ventricle to contract is affected, or the heart's ability to relax. The severity of disease is usually graded by the degree of problems with exercise. Heart failure is not the same as myocardial infarction (in which part of the heart muscle dies) or cardiac arrest (in which blood flow stops altogether). Other diseases that may have symptoms similar to heart failure include obesity, kidney failure, liver problems, anemia and thyroid disease.The condition is diagnosed based on the history of the symptoms and a physical examination with confirmation by echocardiography. Blood tests, electrocardiography, and chest radiography may be useful to determine the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the disease. In people with chronic stable mild heart failure, treatment commonly consists of lifestyle modifications such as stopping smoking, physical exercise, and dietary changes, as well as medications. In those with heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers along with beta blockers are recommended. For those with severe disease, aldosterone antagonists, or hydralazine plus a nitrate may be used. Diuretics are useful for preventing fluid retention. Sometimes, depending on the cause, an implanted device such as a pacemaker or an implantable cardiac defibrillator may be recommended. In some moderate or severe cases cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) may be suggested or cardiac contractility modulation may be of benefit. A ventricular assist device or occasionally a heart transplant may be recommended in those with severe disease despite all other measures.Heart failure is a common, costly, and potentially fatal condition. In developed countries, around 2% of adults have heart failure and in those over the age of 65, this increases to 6–10%. In the year after diagnosis the risk of death is about 35% after which it decreases to below 10% each year. This is similar to the risks with a number of types of cancer. In the United Kingdom the disease is the reason for 5% of emergency hospital admissions. Heart failure has been known since ancient times with the Ebers papyrus commenting on it around 1550 BCE.