Pulmonary vein abnormalities into the human left atrium
... pulmonary vein and four orifices emptying into the left atria, consistent with the two superior and two inferior branches [1]. In most cases, the unitary pulmonary vein develops on the posterior atrial wall and its branches are fused into the left atrium. In embryogenesis, the degree of integration ...
... pulmonary vein and four orifices emptying into the left atria, consistent with the two superior and two inferior branches [1]. In most cases, the unitary pulmonary vein develops on the posterior atrial wall and its branches are fused into the left atrium. In embryogenesis, the degree of integration ...
Multiple Defects in Intracellular Calcium Cycling in Whole Failing
... Background—A number of defects in excitation-contraction coupling have been identified in failing mammalian hearts. The goal of this study was to measure the defects in intracellular Ca2⫹ cycling in left ventricular epicardial myocytes of the whole heart in an animal model of congestive heart failur ...
... Background—A number of defects in excitation-contraction coupling have been identified in failing mammalian hearts. The goal of this study was to measure the defects in intracellular Ca2⫹ cycling in left ventricular epicardial myocytes of the whole heart in an animal model of congestive heart failur ...
QS- and QR-Pattern in Leads V3 and V4 in
... to be justifiable to suspect that in many instances myocardial infarction has been diagnosed incorrectly on the basis of a QS, QR or QRS pattern in the precordial leads. (See fig. 1.) This suspicion is augmented by the fact that there are very few electrocardiographic diagnostic criteria which diffe ...
... to be justifiable to suspect that in many instances myocardial infarction has been diagnosed incorrectly on the basis of a QS, QR or QRS pattern in the precordial leads. (See fig. 1.) This suspicion is augmented by the fact that there are very few electrocardiographic diagnostic criteria which diffe ...
Mortality Study of the Significance of Extrasystoles in an
... The prognostic significance of extrasystoles was evaluated in 712 insured persons with this finding who were followed for an average period of 18 years. At the end of the study 356 persons were alive and 125 were dead. Two hundred and thirty-one persons had terminated their policies at a prior date ...
... The prognostic significance of extrasystoles was evaluated in 712 insured persons with this finding who were followed for an average period of 18 years. At the end of the study 356 persons were alive and 125 were dead. Two hundred and thirty-one persons had terminated their policies at a prior date ...
Basic Cardiac Rhythms - UT Health : The University of Toledo
... Sinus rhythm is the normal regular rhythm of the heart set by the natural pacemaker of the heart called the sinoatrial node. It is located in the wall of the right atrium. Normal cardiac impulses start there and are transmitted to the atria and down to the ventricles. ...
... Sinus rhythm is the normal regular rhythm of the heart set by the natural pacemaker of the heart called the sinoatrial node. It is located in the wall of the right atrium. Normal cardiac impulses start there and are transmitted to the atria and down to the ventricles. ...
Molecular distinction between physiological and pathological
... cardiac morphology and function. In contrast, hypertrophy that occurs in settings of disease is detrimental for cardiac structure and function and can lead to heart failure. Developmental hypertrophy is associated with the normal growth of the heart after birth until adulthood. RV: right ventricle, ...
... cardiac morphology and function. In contrast, hypertrophy that occurs in settings of disease is detrimental for cardiac structure and function and can lead to heart failure. Developmental hypertrophy is associated with the normal growth of the heart after birth until adulthood. RV: right ventricle, ...
Questions Remaining About the Surgical Correction of Tetralogy of
... recent surgical series have reported successful outcomes with a mortality rate <5%, with a tendency for the procedure to be performed at younger and younger ages. However, along with this spectacular improvement in the surgical results that has been achieved in the last decade, there has been a grow ...
... recent surgical series have reported successful outcomes with a mortality rate <5%, with a tendency for the procedure to be performed at younger and younger ages. However, along with this spectacular improvement in the surgical results that has been achieved in the last decade, there has been a grow ...
Rare Case of Left Upper Lobe Partial Anomalous
... connection of pulmonary veins to the left atrium. Tubular structures proven to be pulmonary veins drain into a vertical vein (8). MRI will demonstrate the abnormal pulmonary venous connection as well, but can better depict an associated ASD (7). Chest radiography is often normal; however, secondary ...
... connection of pulmonary veins to the left atrium. Tubular structures proven to be pulmonary veins drain into a vertical vein (8). MRI will demonstrate the abnormal pulmonary venous connection as well, but can better depict an associated ASD (7). Chest radiography is often normal; however, secondary ...
The Only EKG Book You`ll Ever Need, 5th Edition
... almost before it becomes available, a simple little electrical gizm o, more than a century old, still holds the key to diagnosing so many critically important clinical disorders, from m ild palpitations and diz ziness to life-threatening heart attacks and arrhythmias. The EKG predates relativity, qu ...
... almost before it becomes available, a simple little electrical gizm o, more than a century old, still holds the key to diagnosing so many critically important clinical disorders, from m ild palpitations and diz ziness to life-threatening heart attacks and arrhythmias. The EKG predates relativity, qu ...
impact of isoprenaline and caffeine on development of left
... as an increase in mass and size of the left ventricle which frequently occurs as a result of an elevated resistance within the circulatory system. This increase in mass of the myocardium results from a chronically raised workload on the heart (1) and is taken as an early sign of cardiomyopathy, whic ...
... as an increase in mass and size of the left ventricle which frequently occurs as a result of an elevated resistance within the circulatory system. This increase in mass of the myocardium results from a chronically raised workload on the heart (1) and is taken as an early sign of cardiomyopathy, whic ...
Effect of Ischemia on Calcium-Dependent Fluorescence
... rabbit hearts loaded with the fluorescent calcium indicator indo 1. Indo 1-loaded hearts were illuminated at 360 nm, and fluorescence was recorded simultaneously at 400 and 550 nm from the epicardial surface of the left ventricle. The F4m/F550 ratio was calculated by an analog circuit, which allowed ...
... rabbit hearts loaded with the fluorescent calcium indicator indo 1. Indo 1-loaded hearts were illuminated at 360 nm, and fluorescence was recorded simultaneously at 400 and 550 nm from the epicardial surface of the left ventricle. The F4m/F550 ratio was calculated by an analog circuit, which allowed ...
ACCF/AHA Pulmonary Hypertension
... While previously considered a rare disease, the most recent evidence from a French registry suggests that the prevalence of PAH is about 15 per million (1). Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is more prevalent in women and was the most common type of PAH in the French registry. Famili ...
... While previously considered a rare disease, the most recent evidence from a French registry suggests that the prevalence of PAH is about 15 per million (1). Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is more prevalent in women and was the most common type of PAH in the French registry. Famili ...
The Development of the Heart and Vascular System of Lepidosiren
... is almost mesial in position, and the apex is directed backwards, a little ventrally and to the left. The heart is wrapped in a hue sheath of lymphatics, which invests the ventricles and auricles closely, but is looser and more prominent over the bulbus and iu the grooves between the different cardi ...
... is almost mesial in position, and the apex is directed backwards, a little ventrally and to the left. The heart is wrapped in a hue sheath of lymphatics, which invests the ventricles and auricles closely, but is looser and more prominent over the bulbus and iu the grooves between the different cardi ...
ECG Interpretation and Clinical Significance
... As you have already learned, the ECG waveform has various components such as waves, segments, and intervals that are evaluated and classified based on their size, length of time, and location on the tracing. All of these different components determine the type of cardiac rhythm. In order to evaluate ...
... As you have already learned, the ECG waveform has various components such as waves, segments, and intervals that are evaluated and classified based on their size, length of time, and location on the tracing. All of these different components determine the type of cardiac rhythm. In order to evaluate ...
Impaired right and left ventricular diastolic
... Diastolic dysfunction in TOF may stem from impaired myocardial relaxation, decreased recoil attributable to a stiffer ventricle and dyssynchronous ventricular relaxation.3 – 6 However, assessment of RV diastolic dysfunction is difficult using Doppler flow parameters.7 Consequently, RV and LV diastol ...
... Diastolic dysfunction in TOF may stem from impaired myocardial relaxation, decreased recoil attributable to a stiffer ventricle and dyssynchronous ventricular relaxation.3 – 6 However, assessment of RV diastolic dysfunction is difficult using Doppler flow parameters.7 Consequently, RV and LV diastol ...
Up-regulation of HO-1 Attenuates Left Ventricular Remodeling Post Myocardial by
... LV diameter and cardiac function did not differ significantly between the two groups at 3 months despite an attenuation of anterior wall thinning in the hemin group. Conclusion: HO-1 upregulation by hemin administration conferred acute cardioprotection and attenuated LV remodeling, possibly by inhi ...
... LV diameter and cardiac function did not differ significantly between the two groups at 3 months despite an attenuation of anterior wall thinning in the hemin group. Conclusion: HO-1 upregulation by hemin administration conferred acute cardioprotection and attenuated LV remodeling, possibly by inhi ...
Care of the Patient with Temporary Pacemaker
... You may need to test the sensing threshold if you suspect that there is over-sensing (sensing of electrical activity that is not an accurate reflection of atrial or ventricular depolarization). In the event of under-sensing (pacemaker does not sense electrical activity that should be sensed), you ca ...
... You may need to test the sensing threshold if you suspect that there is over-sensing (sensing of electrical activity that is not an accurate reflection of atrial or ventricular depolarization). In the event of under-sensing (pacemaker does not sense electrical activity that should be sensed), you ca ...
Manifest and Concealed Reentry
... proceeded from 1:1 retrograde conduction to retrograde Wenckebach cycles with or without manifest reentry, to retrograde Wenckebach cycles with concealed reentry. Figures 1-4 depict typical responses to decreasing the cycle length of ventricular s-timulation. In this patient, reentry occurred whenev ...
... proceeded from 1:1 retrograde conduction to retrograde Wenckebach cycles with or without manifest reentry, to retrograde Wenckebach cycles with concealed reentry. Figures 1-4 depict typical responses to decreasing the cycle length of ventricular s-timulation. In this patient, reentry occurred whenev ...
Heart rate as a marker of incidence and prognosis of cardiovascular
... EHR provides a wealth of primary care data, so far unexplored that give insight into associations of heart rate with CVDs in healthy and CAD populations. Average RHR of >70bpm in the general male population is associated with increased myocardial and arrhythmic disorders risk, but not with coronary ...
... EHR provides a wealth of primary care data, so far unexplored that give insight into associations of heart rate with CVDs in healthy and CAD populations. Average RHR of >70bpm in the general male population is associated with increased myocardial and arrhythmic disorders risk, but not with coronary ...
Development of Heart Failure and Congenital Septal
... attributable to cardiac dysfunction, in vivo heart shortening was measured using the ultrasound crystals in eNOS⫹/⫹, eNOS⫹/⫺, and eNOS⫺/⫺ mice at P1 (n⫽5 per group). Basal heart rate was similar among 3 groups (257⫾10, 284⫾18, and 252⫾15 beats/min, P⫽NS). Percent shortening of the heart was signific ...
... attributable to cardiac dysfunction, in vivo heart shortening was measured using the ultrasound crystals in eNOS⫹/⫹, eNOS⫹/⫺, and eNOS⫺/⫺ mice at P1 (n⫽5 per group). Basal heart rate was similar among 3 groups (257⫾10, 284⫾18, and 252⫾15 beats/min, P⫽NS). Percent shortening of the heart was signific ...
The Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation - Michigan Medicine
... energy. In most patients, the ablation procedure can be performed safely without interrupting treatment with warfarin (Coumadin). However, in some patients it is safer to stop taking warfarin (Coumadin) a few days before the ablation procedure. In these patients, an injectable form of heparin (Lovon ...
... energy. In most patients, the ablation procedure can be performed safely without interrupting treatment with warfarin (Coumadin). However, in some patients it is safer to stop taking warfarin (Coumadin) a few days before the ablation procedure. In these patients, an injectable form of heparin (Lovon ...
Managing adult Fontan patients: where do we stand?
... recommended in all patients who have had an arrhythmia. ...
... recommended in all patients who have had an arrhythmia. ...
the value of the intracardiac echogenic foci in the fetal heart
... ventricles compared to isolated in one of the ventricle.11 Data from our study do support the benign explanation of the isolated intracardiac echogenic »goofball«. The majority (88.2%) of the fetuses had normal karyogram. According to the results from the literature and from our data, it seems to be ...
... ventricles compared to isolated in one of the ventricle.11 Data from our study do support the benign explanation of the isolated intracardiac echogenic »goofball«. The majority (88.2%) of the fetuses had normal karyogram. According to the results from the literature and from our data, it seems to be ...
The Enigma of the Fontan circulation Wolff, Djoeke
... in patients with tricuspid atresia6, but gradually more univentricular cardiac defects were referred for a Fontan correction, including double inlet ventricles, pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, and other complex congenital cardiac defects that are no ...
... in patients with tricuspid atresia6, but gradually more univentricular cardiac defects were referred for a Fontan correction, including double inlet ventricles, pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, and other complex congenital cardiac defects that are no ...
Heart failure
Heart failure (HF), often referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF), occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs. The terms chronic heart failure (CHF) or congestive cardiac failure (CCF) are often used interchangeably with congestive heart failure. Signs and symptoms commonly include shortness of breath, excessive tiredness, and leg swelling. The shortness of breath is usually worse with exercise, while lying down, and may wake the person at night. A limited ability to exercise is also a common feature.Common causes of heart failure include coronary artery disease including a previous myocardial infarction (heart attack), high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, excess alcohol use, infection, and cardiomyopathy of an unknown cause. These cause heart failure by changing either the structure or the functioning of the heart. There are two main types of heart failure: heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure with normal ejection fraction depending on if the ability of the left ventricle to contract is affected, or the heart's ability to relax. The severity of disease is usually graded by the degree of problems with exercise. Heart failure is not the same as myocardial infarction (in which part of the heart muscle dies) or cardiac arrest (in which blood flow stops altogether). Other diseases that may have symptoms similar to heart failure include obesity, kidney failure, liver problems, anemia and thyroid disease.The condition is diagnosed based on the history of the symptoms and a physical examination with confirmation by echocardiography. Blood tests, electrocardiography, and chest radiography may be useful to determine the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the disease. In people with chronic stable mild heart failure, treatment commonly consists of lifestyle modifications such as stopping smoking, physical exercise, and dietary changes, as well as medications. In those with heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers along with beta blockers are recommended. For those with severe disease, aldosterone antagonists, or hydralazine plus a nitrate may be used. Diuretics are useful for preventing fluid retention. Sometimes, depending on the cause, an implanted device such as a pacemaker or an implantable cardiac defibrillator may be recommended. In some moderate or severe cases cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) may be suggested or cardiac contractility modulation may be of benefit. A ventricular assist device or occasionally a heart transplant may be recommended in those with severe disease despite all other measures.Heart failure is a common, costly, and potentially fatal condition. In developed countries, around 2% of adults have heart failure and in those over the age of 65, this increases to 6–10%. In the year after diagnosis the risk of death is about 35% after which it decreases to below 10% each year. This is similar to the risks with a number of types of cancer. In the United Kingdom the disease is the reason for 5% of emergency hospital admissions. Heart failure has been known since ancient times with the Ebers papyrus commenting on it around 1550 BCE.