![ICD-10-CM](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/015400067_1-f13ae984f622005509236556ab1f70a2-300x300.png)
ICD-10-CM
... endocardium, the innermost layer, lines the hearts chambers and is bathed in blood. The myocardium is the thick middle layer of the heart. Its cells are unique in that they physically resemble skeletal muscle but have electrical properties similar to smooth muscle. These cells also contain specializ ...
... endocardium, the innermost layer, lines the hearts chambers and is bathed in blood. The myocardium is the thick middle layer of the heart. Its cells are unique in that they physically resemble skeletal muscle but have electrical properties similar to smooth muscle. These cells also contain specializ ...
Full Text - Jentashapir Journal of Health Research
... threads and all of them had a smoking history of at least five years. They had not smoked for eight hours before the study, in order to avoid possible residual effects. People with a history of hypertension, obesity, diabetes and hyperlipidemia, were excluded. In these cases coronary flow velocity r ...
... threads and all of them had a smoking history of at least five years. They had not smoked for eight hours before the study, in order to avoid possible residual effects. People with a history of hypertension, obesity, diabetes and hyperlipidemia, were excluded. In these cases coronary flow velocity r ...
All About Your ICD
... pounding or racing heart and may have other symptoms, such as being out of breath, sweating, blurred vision, dizziness and a feeling of being unwell. Some people with VT faint or feel like they might faint. VT can last a few moments or several hours. A person with VT experiences a very fast heart ra ...
... pounding or racing heart and may have other symptoms, such as being out of breath, sweating, blurred vision, dizziness and a feeling of being unwell. Some people with VT faint or feel like they might faint. VT can last a few moments or several hours. A person with VT experiences a very fast heart ra ...
Pacemaker Therapy in Atrial Fibrillation
... AV junction ablation with ventricular pacing to either medical therapy alone or pacemaker therapy without ablation [69]. One short-term study randomized 23 patients with chronic AF or flutter to either AV junction ablation with pacemaker implantation or pacemaker implantation alone. At 15 day follow ...
... AV junction ablation with ventricular pacing to either medical therapy alone or pacemaker therapy without ablation [69]. One short-term study randomized 23 patients with chronic AF or flutter to either AV junction ablation with pacemaker implantation or pacemaker implantation alone. At 15 day follow ...
Straddling tricuspid valve - Heart
... with ventricular inversion. In these, the right atrioventricular valve was considered to be the morphoDouble inlet inverted left ventricle (group 2) logical mitral valve and the left, the tricuspid. In one Six specimens were characterized by the presence of these cases, the right-sided mitral valve ...
... with ventricular inversion. In these, the right atrioventricular valve was considered to be the morphoDouble inlet inverted left ventricle (group 2) logical mitral valve and the left, the tricuspid. In one Six specimens were characterized by the presence of these cases, the right-sided mitral valve ...
Pulmonary venous flow by doppler echocardiography: revisited 12
... the presence of severe MR (48). In addition, there are a number of other physiologic and technical factors influencing either the S2 or D velocities, such as mitral stenosis, presence of LV dysfunction, and presence of AF (10,23,35). The decrease in the velocity time integral of PVF is more prominen ...
... the presence of severe MR (48). In addition, there are a number of other physiologic and technical factors influencing either the S2 or D velocities, such as mitral stenosis, presence of LV dysfunction, and presence of AF (10,23,35). The decrease in the velocity time integral of PVF is more prominen ...
Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries
... Excessive pulmonary artery banding tightening leads to reduced left ventricular function and edema of the myocardium. Occasionally, retraining of the left ventricle can be achieved only by sequential pulmonary artery banding. The cutoff for retraining the morphologic left ventricle is about 15 years ...
... Excessive pulmonary artery banding tightening leads to reduced left ventricular function and edema of the myocardium. Occasionally, retraining of the left ventricle can be achieved only by sequential pulmonary artery banding. The cutoff for retraining the morphologic left ventricle is about 15 years ...
Ventricular septal defect - ePrints
... not all defects are anatomically the same. The phenotypic differences are important, not only when determining the optimal approach to correction, but also for subsequent genetic counseling. This is because the morphogenesis of the various types is fundamentally different [9]. In terms of phenotypic ...
... not all defects are anatomically the same. The phenotypic differences are important, not only when determining the optimal approach to correction, but also for subsequent genetic counseling. This is because the morphogenesis of the various types is fundamentally different [9]. In terms of phenotypic ...
consensus statement
... with PPH are often the same as those in adult patients with PPH, the clinical ...
... with PPH are often the same as those in adult patients with PPH, the clinical ...
Third universal definition of myocardial infarction
... (CV ≤10%) allows for more sensitive assays and facili tates the detection of changing values.13 The use of assays that do not have optimal precision (CV >10% at the 99th percentile URL) makes determination of a significant change more difficult but does not cause false–positive results. Assays with ...
... (CV ≤10%) allows for more sensitive assays and facili tates the detection of changing values.13 The use of assays that do not have optimal precision (CV >10% at the 99th percentile URL) makes determination of a significant change more difficult but does not cause false–positive results. Assays with ...
Chronic intermittent hypercapnic hypoxia increases pulmonary
... Sleep disordered breathing affects 1–4% of adults [1]. It is associated with multiple episodes of hypoxia and hypercapnia due to hypopnoea or apnoea, which are either caused by intermittent collapse of the upper airway (UA), termed obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA; the most common form of sleep disorde ...
... Sleep disordered breathing affects 1–4% of adults [1]. It is associated with multiple episodes of hypoxia and hypercapnia due to hypopnoea or apnoea, which are either caused by intermittent collapse of the upper airway (UA), termed obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA; the most common form of sleep disorde ...
Exercise training prevents the exaggerated exercise pressor reflex
... effects of ExT on the EPR and on mechanoreflex and metaboreflex functions. Sham-operated rats were used as control for CHF rats. Sed rats were used as control for ExT rats. EPR function was also evaluated in Sed rats 8 –10 wk after sham or infarction procedures. General surgical preparation. Rats we ...
... effects of ExT on the EPR and on mechanoreflex and metaboreflex functions. Sham-operated rats were used as control for CHF rats. Sed rats were used as control for ExT rats. EPR function was also evaluated in Sed rats 8 –10 wk after sham or infarction procedures. General surgical preparation. Rats we ...
Pseudo-postpacing interval of diastolic potential after entrainment
... orthodromic wavefront created by pacing at the remote bystander pathway, for the following reasons. When entrainment pacing captures the critical isthmus and the remote bystander simultaneously (as illustrated in Fig. 5d), the Nth antidromic wavefront originating from pacing at the remote bystander ...
... orthodromic wavefront created by pacing at the remote bystander pathway, for the following reasons. When entrainment pacing captures the critical isthmus and the remote bystander simultaneously (as illustrated in Fig. 5d), the Nth antidromic wavefront originating from pacing at the remote bystander ...
Document
... # 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Ventricular pacing; Helical myocardial ventricular band; Ventricular function; Helical heart; Sonomicrometry ...
... # 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Ventricular pacing; Helical myocardial ventricular band; Ventricular function; Helical heart; Sonomicrometry ...
Distribution of late gadolinium enhancement in various types of
... fraction (EF) is evident. The LV wall thickness is normal or decreased, but relatively homogenous. Figure 1 shows representative cine-CMR images of different views in a patient with DCM. In LGE-CMR, DCM has been shown to demonstrate mostly a lack of LGE or the presence of mid-wall enhancement, and a ...
... fraction (EF) is evident. The LV wall thickness is normal or decreased, but relatively homogenous. Figure 1 shows representative cine-CMR images of different views in a patient with DCM. In LGE-CMR, DCM has been shown to demonstrate mostly a lack of LGE or the presence of mid-wall enhancement, and a ...
PDF - Circulation
... pulmonary arterial pressure drops, while systemic arterial pressure increases further.18 When a congenital heart lesion exists in which there is equalization of systemic and pulmonary pressures, the hemodynamic disturbance and clinical features are largely dependent on the relationship between syste ...
... pulmonary arterial pressure drops, while systemic arterial pressure increases further.18 When a congenital heart lesion exists in which there is equalization of systemic and pulmonary pressures, the hemodynamic disturbance and clinical features are largely dependent on the relationship between syste ...
If Inhibition, Heart Rate, and Coronary Artery Disease
... Chronic stable angina is the most common symptom of ischemic heart disease, affecting millions of men and women worldwide. Angina is caused by the failure of sufficient oxygen to reach the heart and meet the oxygen requirements for mitochondrial oxidation. The pathophysiological substrate is almost ...
... Chronic stable angina is the most common symptom of ischemic heart disease, affecting millions of men and women worldwide. Angina is caused by the failure of sufficient oxygen to reach the heart and meet the oxygen requirements for mitochondrial oxidation. The pathophysiological substrate is almost ...
Ventricular septal defect - Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
... not all defects are anatomically the same. The phenotypic differences are important, not only when determining the optimal approach to correction, but also for subsequent genetic counseling. This is because the morphogenesis of the various types is fundamentally different [9]. In terms of phenotypic ...
... not all defects are anatomically the same. The phenotypic differences are important, not only when determining the optimal approach to correction, but also for subsequent genetic counseling. This is because the morphogenesis of the various types is fundamentally different [9]. In terms of phenotypic ...
ECG in Ventricular arrhythmias
... • Patients with ventricular arrhythmias may show signs and symptoms of cardiac decompensation, including hypotension, angina, syncope, and respiratory distress. Dr Hekmat ...
... • Patients with ventricular arrhythmias may show signs and symptoms of cardiac decompensation, including hypotension, angina, syncope, and respiratory distress. Dr Hekmat ...
Comparison of Contractile Performance of Canine Atrial and
... than can ventricular muscle before optimum length is reached. At any given initial muscle length, the maximum of tension rise for atrial trabeculae amounted to at least twice that for ventricular trabeculae. At any given load up to 1.5 g/mm2, the maximum velocity of shortening of an atrial trabecula ...
... than can ventricular muscle before optimum length is reached. At any given initial muscle length, the maximum of tension rise for atrial trabeculae amounted to at least twice that for ventricular trabeculae. At any given load up to 1.5 g/mm2, the maximum velocity of shortening of an atrial trabecula ...
Principles of Multi-slice Cardiac CT Imaging
... be provided with limited radiation exposure at the shortest possible exposure time. For most cardiac applications, appropriate contrast enhancement of the cardiac vessels and the cardiac anatomy is achieved with peripheral injection of contrast agent and optimized timing of the bolus. Sufficient con ...
... be provided with limited radiation exposure at the shortest possible exposure time. For most cardiac applications, appropriate contrast enhancement of the cardiac vessels and the cardiac anatomy is achieved with peripheral injection of contrast agent and optimized timing of the bolus. Sufficient con ...
EuroEcho-Imaging 2013, Istanbul, Final Programme
... Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI). The aim of EuroEcho-Imaging 2013 is to create an exciting forum for both clinicians and scientists to present and discuss the most up-to-date research and clinical findings on the broad spectrum of echocardiography and other cardiovascular imaging modal ...
... Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI). The aim of EuroEcho-Imaging 2013 is to create an exciting forum for both clinicians and scientists to present and discuss the most up-to-date research and clinical findings on the broad spectrum of echocardiography and other cardiovascular imaging modal ...
Left atrial systolic and diastolic function accompanying chronic rapid
... In addition to booster pump function, the left atrium serves as a reservoir for LV filling during ventricular systole. Therefore, the increase in LA volume from minimum (at the time of mitral valve closure) to maximum (at the time of mitral valve opening) represents the reservoir volume of the atriu ...
... In addition to booster pump function, the left atrium serves as a reservoir for LV filling during ventricular systole. Therefore, the increase in LA volume from minimum (at the time of mitral valve closure) to maximum (at the time of mitral valve opening) represents the reservoir volume of the atriu ...
Atrial Autonomic Innervation
... Sympathetic activation increases calcium entry and the spontaneous release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum leading to atrial ectopies (trigger loop). Increased vagal activation together with atrial fibrillation (AF)–induced atrial electrical remodeling shortens action potential duration, f ...
... Sympathetic activation increases calcium entry and the spontaneous release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum leading to atrial ectopies (trigger loop). Increased vagal activation together with atrial fibrillation (AF)–induced atrial electrical remodeling shortens action potential duration, f ...
Heart failure
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Heartfailure.jpg?width=300)
Heart failure (HF), often referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF), occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs. The terms chronic heart failure (CHF) or congestive cardiac failure (CCF) are often used interchangeably with congestive heart failure. Signs and symptoms commonly include shortness of breath, excessive tiredness, and leg swelling. The shortness of breath is usually worse with exercise, while lying down, and may wake the person at night. A limited ability to exercise is also a common feature.Common causes of heart failure include coronary artery disease including a previous myocardial infarction (heart attack), high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, excess alcohol use, infection, and cardiomyopathy of an unknown cause. These cause heart failure by changing either the structure or the functioning of the heart. There are two main types of heart failure: heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure with normal ejection fraction depending on if the ability of the left ventricle to contract is affected, or the heart's ability to relax. The severity of disease is usually graded by the degree of problems with exercise. Heart failure is not the same as myocardial infarction (in which part of the heart muscle dies) or cardiac arrest (in which blood flow stops altogether). Other diseases that may have symptoms similar to heart failure include obesity, kidney failure, liver problems, anemia and thyroid disease.The condition is diagnosed based on the history of the symptoms and a physical examination with confirmation by echocardiography. Blood tests, electrocardiography, and chest radiography may be useful to determine the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the disease. In people with chronic stable mild heart failure, treatment commonly consists of lifestyle modifications such as stopping smoking, physical exercise, and dietary changes, as well as medications. In those with heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers along with beta blockers are recommended. For those with severe disease, aldosterone antagonists, or hydralazine plus a nitrate may be used. Diuretics are useful for preventing fluid retention. Sometimes, depending on the cause, an implanted device such as a pacemaker or an implantable cardiac defibrillator may be recommended. In some moderate or severe cases cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) may be suggested or cardiac contractility modulation may be of benefit. A ventricular assist device or occasionally a heart transplant may be recommended in those with severe disease despite all other measures.Heart failure is a common, costly, and potentially fatal condition. In developed countries, around 2% of adults have heart failure and in those over the age of 65, this increases to 6–10%. In the year after diagnosis the risk of death is about 35% after which it decreases to below 10% each year. This is similar to the risks with a number of types of cancer. In the United Kingdom the disease is the reason for 5% of emergency hospital admissions. Heart failure has been known since ancient times with the Ebers papyrus commenting on it around 1550 BCE.