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... • overall lighter and thicker than oceanic crust • overall older (as much as 3.8 billion years) ...
... • overall lighter and thicker than oceanic crust • overall older (as much as 3.8 billion years) ...
Cascadia: The Hidden Fire
... Answer the following movie questions on a separate sheet of paper in Complete, Quality, and Correct (CQC) sentences. (100 pts; 10 pts per question) 1. Tell how much of the surface of the Earth is covered in water. What total volume? How much habitat? ...
... Answer the following movie questions on a separate sheet of paper in Complete, Quality, and Correct (CQC) sentences. (100 pts; 10 pts per question) 1. Tell how much of the surface of the Earth is covered in water. What total volume? How much habitat? ...
Sea-Floor Spreading powerpoint
... • At the mid-ocean ridge, molten material rises from the mantle and erupts. It spreads out, pushing older rock to both sides of the ridge. ...
... • At the mid-ocean ridge, molten material rises from the mantle and erupts. It spreads out, pushing older rock to both sides of the ridge. ...
Answer Key
... Kelp forest: large community of seaweed that grows to great heights; worms, starfish, lobsters, crabs, abalones, octupuses 3. surface zone: top 200 meters, sunlight reaches through, nutrients sink to the bottom, organisms must blend in and swim fast, life is spread out; deep zone: below 200 meters t ...
... Kelp forest: large community of seaweed that grows to great heights; worms, starfish, lobsters, crabs, abalones, octupuses 3. surface zone: top 200 meters, sunlight reaches through, nutrients sink to the bottom, organisms must blend in and swim fast, life is spread out; deep zone: below 200 meters t ...
OCR ASA Level Geography Exploring Oceans Learner Resource 1
... OCR Resources: the small print OCR’s resources are provided to support the teaching of OCR specifications, but in no way constitute an endorsed teaching method that is required by the Board, and the decision to use them lies with the individual teacher. Whilst every effort is made to ensure the accu ...
... OCR Resources: the small print OCR’s resources are provided to support the teaching of OCR specifications, but in no way constitute an endorsed teaching method that is required by the Board, and the decision to use them lies with the individual teacher. Whilst every effort is made to ensure the accu ...
study guide for plate tectonics assessment c example
... 17. How do Island Arcs form? Convergent boundary on a volcanic island arc above a northwardsubducting Pacific plate. 18. Where did the Aleutian Islands form? Convergent boundary on a volcanic island arc above a northward Pacific plate. 19. What is the most common way of finding out where the plate b ...
... 17. How do Island Arcs form? Convergent boundary on a volcanic island arc above a northwardsubducting Pacific plate. 18. Where did the Aleutian Islands form? Convergent boundary on a volcanic island arc above a northward Pacific plate. 19. What is the most common way of finding out where the plate b ...
Hydrothermal Vent Fast Facts
... km (40,000 mi) from the Arctic Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean, around Africa, Asia, and Australia, and under the Pacific Ocean to the west coast of North America. The lowest known point on Earth, called the Challenger Deep, is 11,034 m deep, in the Marianas Trench in the western Pacific. To get an idea ...
... km (40,000 mi) from the Arctic Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean, around Africa, Asia, and Australia, and under the Pacific Ocean to the west coast of North America. The lowest known point on Earth, called the Challenger Deep, is 11,034 m deep, in the Marianas Trench in the western Pacific. To get an idea ...
Ocean Floor Characteristics
... • Continental slope- steep slope that begins with the continental shelf and ends at the ocean floor (200 m – 4,000m) • Continental rise-base of the continental slope. Consists of piles of sediment. ...
... • Continental slope- steep slope that begins with the continental shelf and ends at the ocean floor (200 m – 4,000m) • Continental rise-base of the continental slope. Consists of piles of sediment. ...
Marine Provinces and the Ocean Floor
... Along active margins, sediments are trapped in an ocean trench so abyssal fans fail to develop. ...
... Along active margins, sediments are trapped in an ocean trench so abyssal fans fail to develop. ...
Ocean Topography presentation
... wedge of sediments. How do submarine canyons form? Thought to be fast moving currents and underwater landslides. ...
... wedge of sediments. How do submarine canyons form? Thought to be fast moving currents and underwater landslides. ...
Abyssal Plain:
... network of the interactions between organisms and their environment (It has both living and nonliving components.) ...
... network of the interactions between organisms and their environment (It has both living and nonliving components.) ...
Name
... One distinction between transform faults and fracture zones is that transform faults are: a. aseismic in comparison to fracture zones that are seismically active. ...
... One distinction between transform faults and fracture zones is that transform faults are: a. aseismic in comparison to fracture zones that are seismically active. ...
Assessing the nature of crust in the central Red Sea using potential
... The Red Sea is considered an important example of a rifted continental shield proceeding to a seafloor spreading stage of development, and the transition of crustal types there from stretched continental to oceanic should mark the onset of significant mantle melting. However, whether the crust in th ...
... The Red Sea is considered an important example of a rifted continental shield proceeding to a seafloor spreading stage of development, and the transition of crustal types there from stretched continental to oceanic should mark the onset of significant mantle melting. However, whether the crust in th ...
Ch 15 - FCUSD.org
... Sunlight never reaches this zone Temperatures are just a few degrees above freezing Constant high-density water ...
... Sunlight never reaches this zone Temperatures are just a few degrees above freezing Constant high-density water ...
exam_1
... E. It is composed of granitic-type rock and has the same density as oceanic crust. 26. When talking about plate tectonics, which of the Earth's layers comprises the plates? A. Crust B. Mantle C. Core D. Lithosphere E. Asthenosphere 27. Turbidity currents produce some A. trenches. B. abyssal hills. C ...
... E. It is composed of granitic-type rock and has the same density as oceanic crust. 26. When talking about plate tectonics, which of the Earth's layers comprises the plates? A. Crust B. Mantle C. Core D. Lithosphere E. Asthenosphere 27. Turbidity currents produce some A. trenches. B. abyssal hills. C ...
The evolution of circum-Antarctic oceanic crust since cretaceous
... Gondwanaland break-up together with ongoing changes of the South Pacific tectonic regime led to the opening of new oceanic domains around Antarctica since Late Jurassic. On a geological timescale first-order changes in palaeo-climate, palaeo-oceanography and marine sedimentation are controlled by pl ...
... Gondwanaland break-up together with ongoing changes of the South Pacific tectonic regime led to the opening of new oceanic domains around Antarctica since Late Jurassic. On a geological timescale first-order changes in palaeo-climate, palaeo-oceanography and marine sedimentation are controlled by pl ...
Mid Atlantic Ridge (total length of about 60000 km)
... tectonic plates meet at a divergent boundary. There are two processes, ridge-push and slab-pull. Ridge-push occurs when the weight of the ridge pushes the rest of the tectonic plate away from the ridge, often towards a subduction zone. At the subduction zone, "slab-pull" comes into effect. This is s ...
... tectonic plates meet at a divergent boundary. There are two processes, ridge-push and slab-pull. Ridge-push occurs when the weight of the ridge pushes the rest of the tectonic plate away from the ridge, often towards a subduction zone. At the subduction zone, "slab-pull" comes into effect. This is s ...
Ocean Topography
... A mid-ocean ridge is an underwater mountain range, formed by plate tectonics. It is usually an oceanic spreading center, which is responsible for seafloor spreading. ...
... A mid-ocean ridge is an underwater mountain range, formed by plate tectonics. It is usually an oceanic spreading center, which is responsible for seafloor spreading. ...
Convection and Seafloor Spreading
... When this slowly moving material reaches cooler areas it contracts and sinks causing one plate to move downward (subducting plate) beneath another (over-riding plate). This material is then recycled back into the mantle. ...
... When this slowly moving material reaches cooler areas it contracts and sinks causing one plate to move downward (subducting plate) beneath another (over-riding plate). This material is then recycled back into the mantle. ...
Key Ideas and Quiz Yourself Questions The term bathymetry is
... ends as the slope moderates to a mere degree or two from horizontal. This gradual zone, which may be several hundred miles wide, is called the continental rise. It is composed of fine-grained continental sediments (silt and clay) washed down the many submarine canyons that notch the continental slop ...
... ends as the slope moderates to a mere degree or two from horizontal. This gradual zone, which may be several hundred miles wide, is called the continental rise. It is composed of fine-grained continental sediments (silt and clay) washed down the many submarine canyons that notch the continental slop ...
Parts of a continental margin
... of the world. Trenches occur where oceanic plates are subducted. They are the dominant bathymetric feature of the Pacific Ocean. ...
... of the world. Trenches occur where oceanic plates are subducted. They are the dominant bathymetric feature of the Pacific Ocean. ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.