Plate Tectonics
... Believed continents were once all combined into one landmass he called Pangaea meaning “All Earth” Continents seemed to fit together like a jigsaw puzzle Explained why fossils of the same plants and animals are found on the coast of Africa and South America ...
... Believed continents were once all combined into one landmass he called Pangaea meaning “All Earth” Continents seemed to fit together like a jigsaw puzzle Explained why fossils of the same plants and animals are found on the coast of Africa and South America ...
ES Chapter 14 Study Guide
... Approximately when did the ocean become an important area of study? Which ocean has the greatest average depth? The largest of Earth’s oceans is __________________ Where trenches do not exist, the steep continental slope merges into a more gradual incline known as the continental ___________________ ...
... Approximately when did the ocean become an important area of study? Which ocean has the greatest average depth? The largest of Earth’s oceans is __________________ Where trenches do not exist, the steep continental slope merges into a more gradual incline known as the continental ___________________ ...
Tsunamis obey Snell`s Law: Simulations and Real Data
... In the Pacific Ocean, we first target two wide shelves fronting the Alaska Panhandle and Central America, and simulate tsunamis based on recent events in Chile and Japan, across arrays of several hundred virtual gauges located both on the shelves and in the nearby abyssal plains. In all cases, we re ...
... In the Pacific Ocean, we first target two wide shelves fronting the Alaska Panhandle and Central America, and simulate tsunamis based on recent events in Chile and Japan, across arrays of several hundred virtual gauges located both on the shelves and in the nearby abyssal plains. In all cases, we re ...
Physiography of the Seafloor
... Occupy 1/3 of ocean basin area. Axis depth ~2500 m Parallel ridge and valley structure, with or ...
... Occupy 1/3 of ocean basin area. Axis depth ~2500 m Parallel ridge and valley structure, with or ...
Unit 2 Test
... Where the mid-ocean ridge rises above sea level Mid-ocean ridges Crust & upper mantle that “floats” on the asthenosphere Arctic, Atlantic, Indian, Pacific, Southern Semi-solid layer of silicon, magnesium & iron, below the crust Divergent plate boundary Where youngest seafloor rocks are found Sea flo ...
... Where the mid-ocean ridge rises above sea level Mid-ocean ridges Crust & upper mantle that “floats” on the asthenosphere Arctic, Atlantic, Indian, Pacific, Southern Semi-solid layer of silicon, magnesium & iron, below the crust Divergent plate boundary Where youngest seafloor rocks are found Sea flo ...
PowerPoint- Ocean Floor Features
... slight slopes – Average between 4500 meters and 6000 meters deep – Suspension Settling- fine particles of sediment slowly drift onto the deep ocean floor This ...
... slight slopes – Average between 4500 meters and 6000 meters deep – Suspension Settling- fine particles of sediment slowly drift onto the deep ocean floor This ...
highest species diversity of all fresh water ecosystems.
... • Plants and animals in freshwater regions are adjusted to the low salt content and would not be able to survive in areas of high salt concentration (i.e, ocean) ...
... • Plants and animals in freshwater regions are adjusted to the low salt content and would not be able to survive in areas of high salt concentration (i.e, ocean) ...
Earth Science - California Lutheran University
... Dark blue – deepest areas Yellow – shallowest areas ...
... Dark blue – deepest areas Yellow – shallowest areas ...
Wizard Test Maker
... continents that are separated by an ocean indicates A) this species was capable of swimming long distances. B) the continents must have been connected at some time in the past. C) a species can evolve separately on two different continents. D) there is no explanation. 17. The occurrence of earthquak ...
... continents that are separated by an ocean indicates A) this species was capable of swimming long distances. B) the continents must have been connected at some time in the past. C) a species can evolve separately on two different continents. D) there is no explanation. 17. The occurrence of earthquak ...
How Plates Create
... When two plates of oceanic crust collide, one plate sinks beneath the other. ...
... When two plates of oceanic crust collide, one plate sinks beneath the other. ...
Review sheet – Oceanography – first midterm
... P-waves S-waves meteorites lithosphere asthenosphere Pangea Alfred Wegener echo sounding mantle convection subduction plate tectonics continental drift rift valley divergent convergent transform ...
... P-waves S-waves meteorites lithosphere asthenosphere Pangea Alfred Wegener echo sounding mantle convection subduction plate tectonics continental drift rift valley divergent convergent transform ...
Partial melting
... seafloor grows older as its distance from the rift zone increases, and as it ages, it cools and becomes denser and is buried under marine sediments that are deposited on the seafloor. ...
... seafloor grows older as its distance from the rift zone increases, and as it ages, it cools and becomes denser and is buried under marine sediments that are deposited on the seafloor. ...
Outline
... The hypsographic curve • The hypsographic curve shows the relationship between the height of the land and the depth of the oceans Major regions of the North Atlantic Ocean floor • Continental margin • Ocean basin floor • Mid-ocean ridge Passive versus active continental margins • Passive margin – No ...
... The hypsographic curve • The hypsographic curve shows the relationship between the height of the land and the depth of the oceans Major regions of the North Atlantic Ocean floor • Continental margin • Ocean basin floor • Mid-ocean ridge Passive versus active continental margins • Passive margin – No ...
Oceanography Questions for Test 1
... you unlimited research funds, in addition to a generous compensation, if you can provide him first-hand conclusive proof of continental drift or seafloor spreading. Design a research program (ship-, land- or space based) to illustrate three convincing lines of evidence for plate tectonics. You could ...
... you unlimited research funds, in addition to a generous compensation, if you can provide him first-hand conclusive proof of continental drift or seafloor spreading. Design a research program (ship-, land- or space based) to illustrate three convincing lines of evidence for plate tectonics. You could ...
Upwelling and Hydrothermal Vents
... seaweed and plankton, which provides food for fish, marine mammals, and birds. Upwelling generates some of the world’s most fertile ecosystems. In coastal regions the cold water welling up to the surface cools the air promotes the development of sea fog. ...
... seaweed and plankton, which provides food for fish, marine mammals, and birds. Upwelling generates some of the world’s most fertile ecosystems. In coastal regions the cold water welling up to the surface cools the air promotes the development of sea fog. ...
ocean zones - Somerset Academy
... Usually sub-divided by depth or amount of sunlight. The upper pelagic receives sunlight, so there are many phytoplankton for photosynthesis. Zooplankton, jellyfish, squid, and fishes of all sizes make up the food chain. The lower reaches receive less or no sunlight, so there are no plants and animal ...
... Usually sub-divided by depth or amount of sunlight. The upper pelagic receives sunlight, so there are many phytoplankton for photosynthesis. Zooplankton, jellyfish, squid, and fishes of all sizes make up the food chain. The lower reaches receive less or no sunlight, so there are no plants and animal ...
Sea Floor Spreading
... Soon, scientists observed a large mountain chain running down the center of the Atlantic ocean. ...
... Soon, scientists observed a large mountain chain running down the center of the Atlantic ocean. ...
practice exam
... 4) Nansen made an important contribution to oceanography with his study of the ______ Ocean. a) North Atlantic b) Pacific c) Indian d) Arctic e) Antarctic 5) 1,000,000 in scientific notation equals _________________. 6) Density is defined as the amount of _____________ per unit volume. 7) In the sci ...
... 4) Nansen made an important contribution to oceanography with his study of the ______ Ocean. a) North Atlantic b) Pacific c) Indian d) Arctic e) Antarctic 5) 1,000,000 in scientific notation equals _________________. 6) Density is defined as the amount of _____________ per unit volume. 7) In the sci ...
Plate Boundaries - Learn Earth Science
... of plate boundaries? What are the key characteristics for each? Give an example of where each can be found. ...
... of plate boundaries? What are the key characteristics for each? Give an example of where each can be found. ...
Plate Boundaries
... of plate boundaries? What are the key characteristics for each? Give an example of where each can be found. ...
... of plate boundaries? What are the key characteristics for each? Give an example of where each can be found. ...
Warm up pg. 86 - Educator Pages
... What two devices helped scientists map the ocean floor? What is the deepest trench in the world named? How deep is it? ...
... What two devices helped scientists map the ocean floor? What is the deepest trench in the world named? How deep is it? ...
Plate Boundaries - Valhalla High School
... of plate boundaries? What are the key characteristics for each? Give an example of where each can be found. ...
... of plate boundaries? What are the key characteristics for each? Give an example of where each can be found. ...
Slide 1 - My Teacher Pages
... – Underwater mountain chain that runs through the Earth’s oceans. ...
... – Underwater mountain chain that runs through the Earth’s oceans. ...
GEOLOGY 1313 EARTHQUAKES AND VOLCANOES
... magma in water. At low pressures, boiling of water results in 1000-4000x volume expansion. At high pressure (>3 km water depths) steam explosions are not possible (above critical point). Black Smoker Vents- chimney-like structures composed of sulfur-bearing minerals (sulfides) that form when hot (~3 ...
... magma in water. At low pressures, boiling of water results in 1000-4000x volume expansion. At high pressure (>3 km water depths) steam explosions are not possible (above critical point). Black Smoker Vents- chimney-like structures composed of sulfur-bearing minerals (sulfides) that form when hot (~3 ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.