SEA-FLOOR SPREADING
... In the 1950’s and early 1960’s detailed study of the oceans revealed the following surprising information: Detailed bathymetric (depth) studies showed that there was an extensive submarine ridge system that extended around the globe. These became known as MID-OCEAN RIDGES. Sampling by dredging sh ...
... In the 1950’s and early 1960’s detailed study of the oceans revealed the following surprising information: Detailed bathymetric (depth) studies showed that there was an extensive submarine ridge system that extended around the globe. These became known as MID-OCEAN RIDGES. Sampling by dredging sh ...
3 Types Of Plate Boundaries And What They Create
... Strike-slip fault…. Earthquakes happen here ...
... Strike-slip fault…. Earthquakes happen here ...
Geological Landforms of the ocean floor
... The width of the continental shelf varies around the edges of the continents In some places the continental shelf is fairly shallow and in other places it becomes very deep – but it is not the deepest part of the ocean ...
... The width of the continental shelf varies around the edges of the continents In some places the continental shelf is fairly shallow and in other places it becomes very deep – but it is not the deepest part of the ocean ...
Geologic Landforms of the Ocean Floor
... The edges of the continents slope down from the shore into the ocean. The part of the continent located under the water is known as the ...
... The edges of the continents slope down from the shore into the ocean. The part of the continent located under the water is known as the ...
Making Oceans and Continents
... the crests of ocean ridges called Mid-Ocean Ridges (MOR’s). These are above hot rising mantle. As plates pulled apart, cracks allow low pressure and water to hit mantle. Causes partial melting. Magma moves into fractures and makes new oceanic lithosphere ...
... the crests of ocean ridges called Mid-Ocean Ridges (MOR’s). These are above hot rising mantle. As plates pulled apart, cracks allow low pressure and water to hit mantle. Causes partial melting. Magma moves into fractures and makes new oceanic lithosphere ...
The Sea Floor
... • Pieces of oceanic crust separate mid-ocean ridges by creating cracks called rifts. – Rifts release the pressure on the mantle – Reduced pressure allows hot mantle material to rise up through the rift. ...
... • Pieces of oceanic crust separate mid-ocean ridges by creating cracks called rifts. – Rifts release the pressure on the mantle – Reduced pressure allows hot mantle material to rise up through the rift. ...
Subphylum Vertebrata – Early Vertebrates and
... becomes too low for phytoplankton to maintain positive metabolism (above = euphotic zone) Deep-scattering Layer: layer of zooplankton and small fishes that rises at night; shows a scattering effect on SONAR traces ...
... becomes too low for phytoplankton to maintain positive metabolism (above = euphotic zone) Deep-scattering Layer: layer of zooplankton and small fishes that rises at night; shows a scattering effect on SONAR traces ...
Open Ocean Notes
... 2. How do animals in the deep zone survive? Bioluminescence is used to attract prey or confuse predators. Many have evolved to be very good hunters with big teeth and big mouths so prey can’t escape from them. ...
... 2. How do animals in the deep zone survive? Bioluminescence is used to attract prey or confuse predators. Many have evolved to be very good hunters with big teeth and big mouths so prey can’t escape from them. ...
Ocean Basin
... Continental Rise this is a province of very gentle slope between the continental slope and the abyssal plains. the continental rise is made up of piles of sediment that have been delivered to the deep sea from the continental shelf. Submarine canyons The continental shelf and slope are cut in ...
... Continental Rise this is a province of very gentle slope between the continental slope and the abyssal plains. the continental rise is made up of piles of sediment that have been delivered to the deep sea from the continental shelf. Submarine canyons The continental shelf and slope are cut in ...
Page 6
... the continents. Most of our fishing and cold substance called ooze. heat in the form of warm water from grounds are over the continental shelf Seamounts: Volcanic peaks can be the south western Atlantic near South as it is more fertile due to sediments found more than 1km above the America and Mexic ...
... the continents. Most of our fishing and cold substance called ooze. heat in the form of warm water from grounds are over the continental shelf Seamounts: Volcanic peaks can be the south western Atlantic near South as it is more fertile due to sediments found more than 1km above the America and Mexic ...
Ch. 13 Seafloor Spreading
... barrier, such as the edge of a continent, the oceanic crust goes under the continental crust due to density. ...
... barrier, such as the edge of a continent, the oceanic crust goes under the continental crust due to density. ...
Sea-Floor Spreading
... deep underwater canyons are deep-ocean trenches. Subduction is the process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deepocean trench and back into the mantle. ...
... deep underwater canyons are deep-ocean trenches. Subduction is the process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deepocean trench and back into the mantle. ...
Continental Drift
... – PLATE TECTONICS – surface of earth composed of “plates” (LITHOSPHERE) that move on a “conveyor belt” (ASTHENOSPHERE) ...
... – PLATE TECTONICS – surface of earth composed of “plates” (LITHOSPHERE) that move on a “conveyor belt” (ASTHENOSPHERE) ...
Chapter 13
... The history of the Earth can be subdivided into various time intervals using the geologic time scale. Precambrian time includes crustal rocks that range in age between 4.6 billion years to 570 million years. The Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic Eras include crustal rocks that range in age from 570 t ...
... The history of the Earth can be subdivided into various time intervals using the geologic time scale. Precambrian time includes crustal rocks that range in age between 4.6 billion years to 570 million years. The Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic Eras include crustal rocks that range in age from 570 t ...
PLATE TECTONICS
... Plate Tectonics is a relatively new theory that has revolutionized the way geologists think about the Earth. The Earth's surface is broken into large plates, the size and position of which changes over time. The edges of these plates, where they interact with each other, are sites of intense geologi ...
... Plate Tectonics is a relatively new theory that has revolutionized the way geologists think about the Earth. The Earth's surface is broken into large plates, the size and position of which changes over time. The edges of these plates, where they interact with each other, are sites of intense geologi ...
Sea Floor Spreading NOTES 2016
... 3. Rocks shaped like ________ that can only form if molten material hardens quickly after erupting under water have been found in the central valley of the mid-ocean ridge. 4. Scientists took samples of rocks for testing. Rocks ________ away from the ridge were older than the ones __________ to the ...
... 3. Rocks shaped like ________ that can only form if molten material hardens quickly after erupting under water have been found in the central valley of the mid-ocean ridge. 4. Scientists took samples of rocks for testing. Rocks ________ away from the ridge were older than the ones __________ to the ...
Post Test Study Guide Answer Key 1. HMS Challenger: first voyage
... Littoral: intertidal, very harsh conditions Neritic: further out to sea, more calm Oceanic: deep area off of continental shelf ...
... Littoral: intertidal, very harsh conditions Neritic: further out to sea, more calm Oceanic: deep area off of continental shelf ...
8.3 – What is Seafloor Spreading?
... 1. Scientists think that the movement of tectonic plates is caused by a. conveyor belts b. heat in Earth’s core. c. pressure in Earth’s crust. d. convection currents. ...
... 1. Scientists think that the movement of tectonic plates is caused by a. conveyor belts b. heat in Earth’s core. c. pressure in Earth’s crust. d. convection currents. ...
Name - OnCourse
... a. The rugged mountains that make up the mid-ocean ridge can form in different ways. One way is through large amounts of ...
... a. The rugged mountains that make up the mid-ocean ridge can form in different ways. One way is through large amounts of ...
Unit 7 Chapter 23 Powerpoint
... • The Continental Slope and the Continental Rise Continental Slope • The continental slope begins at the shelf edge where depth increases rapidly. Continental Rise • The continental rise is several kilometers thick, descends gradually from the continental slope to the ocean floor. Turbidity Currents ...
... • The Continental Slope and the Continental Rise Continental Slope • The continental slope begins at the shelf edge where depth increases rapidly. Continental Rise • The continental rise is several kilometers thick, descends gradually from the continental slope to the ocean floor. Turbidity Currents ...
Lecture 5 Review Sheet
... How long ago did the last paleomagnetic reversal take place? How old is the earliest fossil evidence for Homo sapiens? Geography: none Review Questions: Explain the significance of the 1855, 1911, and 1977 bathymetry maps. What do they show, how are they different? How was the lack of sediment in th ...
... How long ago did the last paleomagnetic reversal take place? How old is the earliest fossil evidence for Homo sapiens? Geography: none Review Questions: Explain the significance of the 1855, 1911, and 1977 bathymetry maps. What do they show, how are they different? How was the lack of sediment in th ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.