GEOL 1e Lecture Outlines
... – Landward: sediments are affected by waves and tidal currents – Seaward: gravity transports and deposits sediments – Much of land-derived sediment is seaward of shelf-slope break and covers the continental slope and continental rise ...
... – Landward: sediments are affected by waves and tidal currents – Seaward: gravity transports and deposits sediments – Much of land-derived sediment is seaward of shelf-slope break and covers the continental slope and continental rise ...
Section Quiz - TheVirtualNeal
... zone, the lithosphere is denser than it is at a mid-ocean ridge. Convection causes oceanic lithosphere to move away from the mid ocean ridge. Oceanic lithosphere is also higher at a mid-ocean ridge, so oceanic lithosphere moves down toward the subduction zone because of gravity. Answers will vary. T ...
... zone, the lithosphere is denser than it is at a mid-ocean ridge. Convection causes oceanic lithosphere to move away from the mid ocean ridge. Oceanic lithosphere is also higher at a mid-ocean ridge, so oceanic lithosphere moves down toward the subduction zone because of gravity. Answers will vary. T ...
paleogeography (plate tectonics)
... A. archipelago: a group of islands; could be formed by a hotspot or a volcano arc B. seismic reflection profile [seismic survey]: data about rock layers obtained from underwater man-made low-frequency explosions; the seismic waves bounce off rock layers and are detected by a receiver C. continental ...
... A. archipelago: a group of islands; could be formed by a hotspot or a volcano arc B. seismic reflection profile [seismic survey]: data about rock layers obtained from underwater man-made low-frequency explosions; the seismic waves bounce off rock layers and are detected by a receiver C. continental ...
Document
... • An ocean plate and a continental plate hit head-on. The ocean plate subducts under the continent forming a trench. The subducting plate melts. Magma rises to the surface creating a string of volcanic mountains parallel to the shoreline. ...
... • An ocean plate and a continental plate hit head-on. The ocean plate subducts under the continent forming a trench. The subducting plate melts. Magma rises to the surface creating a string of volcanic mountains parallel to the shoreline. ...
APES Review Part 1
... Characteristics: Where freshwater rivers meet the ocean - mixing of fresh and salt water - salinity fluctuates - plants and animals must be adapted - highly productive due to nutrient input from river, frequent mixing of water by ocean tides (circulates nutrients and waste) and large photic zone IMP ...
... Characteristics: Where freshwater rivers meet the ocean - mixing of fresh and salt water - salinity fluctuates - plants and animals must be adapted - highly productive due to nutrient input from river, frequent mixing of water by ocean tides (circulates nutrients and waste) and large photic zone IMP ...
Growing and Shrinking Oceans
... Analyze the two diagrams on the next page, and make sure you understand what is happening that is making the Atlantic Ocean get bigger, while the Pacific Ocean gets smaller. Be sure that you can explain it using vocabulary about plate boundaries! In your science notebook, sketch each diagram and lab ...
... Analyze the two diagrams on the next page, and make sure you understand what is happening that is making the Atlantic Ocean get bigger, while the Pacific Ocean gets smaller. Be sure that you can explain it using vocabulary about plate boundaries! In your science notebook, sketch each diagram and lab ...
Ch. 8 Vocab Study Guide
... Alfred Wegner hypothesized that continents move. What did he call this? __________________________ 2. The ________________________ is located directly under the lithosphere. This is a layer of hotter and softer rock in the mantle. 3. The switch in the Earth’s magnetic field is called: ______________ ...
... Alfred Wegner hypothesized that continents move. What did he call this? __________________________ 2. The ________________________ is located directly under the lithosphere. This is a layer of hotter and softer rock in the mantle. 3. The switch in the Earth’s magnetic field is called: ______________ ...
ES Chapter 9 Study Guide
... 14. Referring to Figure 11 on p. 261, what layer of Earth is just above the subducting oceanic lithosphere? 15. Referring to Figure 11 on p. 261, what process is illustrated by this diagram? 16. What happens to the leading edges of both plates at a subduction zone? 17. The Himalayas in South Asia ar ...
... 14. Referring to Figure 11 on p. 261, what layer of Earth is just above the subducting oceanic lithosphere? 15. Referring to Figure 11 on p. 261, what process is illustrated by this diagram? 16. What happens to the leading edges of both plates at a subduction zone? 17. The Himalayas in South Asia ar ...
Mariana Ocean Trench case study
... Location: The Mariana trench is located in the Pacific Ocean. It forms the boundary between two tectonic plates. Formation: The Pacific Plate (Denser), is subducted (thrust) beneath the Mariana Plate that lies to the west. Both plates are Oceanic plates. They are found along destructive margins. As ...
... Location: The Mariana trench is located in the Pacific Ocean. It forms the boundary between two tectonic plates. Formation: The Pacific Plate (Denser), is subducted (thrust) beneath the Mariana Plate that lies to the west. Both plates are Oceanic plates. They are found along destructive margins. As ...
Sea-Floor Spreading
... deep underwater canyons are deep-ocean trenches. Subduction is the process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deepocean trench and back into the mantle. ...
... deep underwater canyons are deep-ocean trenches. Subduction is the process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deepocean trench and back into the mantle. ...
Plate Tectonics Lecture
... Seafloor spreading was the missing piece that Wegener could have used to complete his model of continental drift if only the technology had been available. Continents are not pushing through ocean crust, as Wegener proposed; they ride with ocean crust as it slowly moves away from ocean ridges. ...
... Seafloor spreading was the missing piece that Wegener could have used to complete his model of continental drift if only the technology had been available. Continents are not pushing through ocean crust, as Wegener proposed; they ride with ocean crust as it slowly moves away from ocean ridges. ...
Document
... the idea of continental drift • Continental drift is the theory that continents can drift apart from one another and have done so in the past ...
... the idea of continental drift • Continental drift is the theory that continents can drift apart from one another and have done so in the past ...
Reviewing Key Skills Chapter 4 Ecosystems and Communities
... 9. Comparing and Contrasting Explain why photosynthesis is more likely to occur throughout the coastal ocean but only in a small part of the open ocean. ...
... 9. Comparing and Contrasting Explain why photosynthesis is more likely to occur throughout the coastal ocean but only in a small part of the open ocean. ...
Plate Boundaries foldable
... Convection currents, in the plastic like layer of the mantle of the earth, constantly churn in a circular motion, the hot magma rises, cools, then falls back down to the core. This movement causes tectonic plates to meet at plate boundaries . ...
... Convection currents, in the plastic like layer of the mantle of the earth, constantly churn in a circular motion, the hot magma rises, cools, then falls back down to the core. This movement causes tectonic plates to meet at plate boundaries . ...
Plate Tectonics Matching
... part of the mantle asthenosphere plastic-like, denser, semi-molten layer of Earth convection circular path of heating and current cooling moves the tectonic plates Pangaea continents were joined similar rocks and fossils on separate continents similar mountain ranges divergent boundary bet ...
... part of the mantle asthenosphere plastic-like, denser, semi-molten layer of Earth convection circular path of heating and current cooling moves the tectonic plates Pangaea continents were joined similar rocks and fossils on separate continents similar mountain ranges divergent boundary bet ...
Plate Tectonics Flash cards
... in oceanic crust 28. type of rock in continental crust 29. boundary two plates moving away from each other 30. What happens to a plate as it is subducted into the mantle? ...
... in oceanic crust 28. type of rock in continental crust 29. boundary two plates moving away from each other 30. What happens to a plate as it is subducted into the mantle? ...
3. Ocean Geography Notes
... Since it is the only accessible layer, we know the most about it. Consists of layered rocks located on 12 plates The MOHO separates the crust from the mantle Crust slides around on liquid mantle 5 km to 70 km in depth ...
... Since it is the only accessible layer, we know the most about it. Consists of layered rocks located on 12 plates The MOHO separates the crust from the mantle Crust slides around on liquid mantle 5 km to 70 km in depth ...
Plate Tectonics
... Write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left. (1 point each) _____ 1. Scientists rejected Wegener’s theory because he could not a. explain why continental crust was denser that oceanic crust b. describe the climate of Pangaea c. explain what force pushes or pulls continents d. desc ...
... Write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left. (1 point each) _____ 1. Scientists rejected Wegener’s theory because he could not a. explain why continental crust was denser that oceanic crust b. describe the climate of Pangaea c. explain what force pushes or pulls continents d. desc ...
Evidence for Sea-Floor Spreading
... happens to the ocean floor at deep ocean trenches? • At trenches, 2 plates collide causing the denser of the 2 plates to dive back to the mantle. This process is known as subduction. • Over millions of years, this material may rise again as new oceanic crust. ...
... happens to the ocean floor at deep ocean trenches? • At trenches, 2 plates collide causing the denser of the 2 plates to dive back to the mantle. This process is known as subduction. • Over millions of years, this material may rise again as new oceanic crust. ...
Chapter 5-Study Questions
... ___13. Sea floor spreading is the mechanism responsible for producing ocean-floor material at the crest of oceanic ridges. ___14. The region where an oceanic slab sinks into the athenosphere because of convergence is called a subduction zone. ___15. When rocks exhibit the same magnetism as the prese ...
... ___13. Sea floor spreading is the mechanism responsible for producing ocean-floor material at the crest of oceanic ridges. ___14. The region where an oceanic slab sinks into the athenosphere because of convergence is called a subduction zone. ___15. When rocks exhibit the same magnetism as the prese ...
PLATE TECTONICS MAPPING LAB
... 13. Where is magma rising to the surface and forming ocean crust? Where is the oceanic crust sinking back into the mantle? 14. Some people have referred to the process in the above question as a cycle. Why would it be considered a cycle? 15. What are the attributes of a cycle? Can you describe anoth ...
... 13. Where is magma rising to the surface and forming ocean crust? Where is the oceanic crust sinking back into the mantle? 14. Some people have referred to the process in the above question as a cycle. Why would it be considered a cycle? 15. What are the attributes of a cycle? Can you describe anoth ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.