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Back Lesson Print Name Class Date Assessment Section Quiz Section: Restless Continents Write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided. ______ 1. Wegener thought that all the continents were once together in one large continent called a. Gondwana. b. Laurasia. c. Eurasia. d. Pangaea. ______ 2. New oceanic lithosphere forms as a result of a. sea-floor spreading. b. normal polarity. c. reverse polarity. d. continental drift. ______ 3. Evidence for sea-floor spreading has come from a. fossils in South America and Africa. b. magnetic minerals on the ocean floor. c. ancient climatic conditions. d. the breakup of Pangaea. Match the correct definition with the correct term. Write the letter in the space provided. a. sea-floor spreading ______ 4. hypothesis that states that the continents were once one large mass that broke apart b. continental drift ______ 5. process that takes place at mid-ocean ridges c. magnetic reversal ______ 6. part of molten rock at mid-ocean ridges d. magnetic minerals e. fossils ______ 7. process of Earth’s magnetic poles changing places ______ 8. items that provide evidence that the continents were once closer together Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt Science and Technology 48 Plate Tectonics Back Lesson Print PAGE TEACHER RESOURCE 18. Answers will vary. At a subduction 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. zone, the lithosphere is denser than it is at a mid-ocean ridge. Convection causes oceanic lithosphere to move away from the mid ocean ridge. Oceanic lithosphere is also higher at a mid-ocean ridge, so oceanic lithosphere moves down toward the subduction zone because of gravity. Answers will vary. The amount of crust formed is roughly equal to the amount of crust destroyed globally. If this were not true, the Earth would either be expanding or shrinking. At the time they formed, the folded mountains must have been on the edge of a tectonic plate. New material was later added to the tectonic plate, causing the folded mountains to be located closer to the center of the continent. 50 km 150 km 250 km 2,550 km 2,950 km between 50 km and 150 km 150 km 250 km 2,550 km 2,200 km 5,150 km Critical Thinking 1. Answers will vary. Sample answer: 2. 3. 4. 5. Reinforcement THE LAYERED EARTH 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Crust Mantle Outer core Inner core Crust Asthenosphere Mesosphere A MOVING JIGSAW PUZZLE 1. divergent 2. transform 3. convergent Athena may have a liquid center surrounded by a solid, flexible outer layer. Answers will vary. Sample answer: Athena’s top layer must be made of a material less rigid and more flexible than the rock of Earth’s crust. Otherwise, it would probably crack due to the stress. The color of the sky and the smell of the air probably do not indicate anything about the planet’s inner structure. Answers will vary. Sample answer: If there are events like earthquakes on the planet, they could use seismographs to measure the speed and angles of any seismic waves produced. They also might try to drill into the planet’s surface in order to see the layers. Answers will vary. Sample answer: They should discuss their findings with other scientists in the field first. They should then make sure that no other hypotheses can be supported by their data. Section Quizzes SECTION: INSIDE THE EARTH 1. 2. 3. 4. C A D B 5. 6. 7. 8. C E A F SECTION: RESTLESS CONTINENTS 1. 2. 3. 4. D A B B 5. 6. 7. 8. A D C E SECTION: THE THEORY OF PLATE TECTONICS 1. 2. 3. 4. A C D A 5. 6. 7. 8. E C B F Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt Science and Technology 100 Plate Tectonics