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continental crust oceanic crust lighter, older, and thicker part of the crust much denser than continental crust lithosphere crust and the rigid, immovable part of the mantle asthenosphere plastic-like, denser, semi-molten layer of Earth convection circular path of heating and current cooling moves the tectonic plates Pangaea continents were joined similar rocks and fossils on separate continents similar mountain ranges divergent boundary between two plates boundary that are moving apart convergent two plates move together boundary mid-ocean mountains chains at the bottom ridge of the oceans between continents rift valley magma rises between two diverging continental plates subduction region where one plate slides zone under another plate hot spot P waves S waves remains in one place as plate above it moves creates chain of small volcanoes compress and expand the ground like an accordion first waves to arrive travel through both solids and liquids vibrate from side to side as well as up and down cannot move through liquids