The Ocean
... • Average depth=3720 meters • Found at border of continental crust and oceanic crust • Sometimes slope is more like a steep cliff ...
... • Average depth=3720 meters • Found at border of continental crust and oceanic crust • Sometimes slope is more like a steep cliff ...
Sea Floor Spreading The Mid-ocean Ridge
... • Seafloor spreading- new ocean crust is formed at ocean ridges and destroyed at deep sea trenches – Magma forced toward crust – Fills gaps and hardens – Forms new ocean floor ...
... • Seafloor spreading- new ocean crust is formed at ocean ridges and destroyed at deep sea trenches – Magma forced toward crust – Fills gaps and hardens – Forms new ocean floor ...
OCEAN BASINS, GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY OF THE OCEANS
... Southern Ocean around the Antarctic. PLATES –lithospheric "rock"plates 100km that are the upper crust –continental, oceanic or both. Float on upper mantle as they are less dense (like suds on top of bath or dish water). CONTINENTAL MARGINS – (draw a cross section) The shape often reflects the age an ...
... Southern Ocean around the Antarctic. PLATES –lithospheric "rock"plates 100km that are the upper crust –continental, oceanic or both. Float on upper mantle as they are less dense (like suds on top of bath or dish water). CONTINENTAL MARGINS – (draw a cross section) The shape often reflects the age an ...
RAIN FORESTS - Cobb Learning
... Thermocline- 300 meters to 700 meters below sea level; here water temperature drops fastest with increasing depth Deep Zone- from base of thermocline to bottom of ocean Average Temperature= 2 Celsius ...
... Thermocline- 300 meters to 700 meters below sea level; here water temperature drops fastest with increasing depth Deep Zone- from base of thermocline to bottom of ocean Average Temperature= 2 Celsius ...
Notes: Seafloor Spreading In the early 1900`s, the
... puzzled them the most. They wondered what could have caused them. A mid-ocean ridge is a long chain of underwater ____________________ contain active and extinct ____________________. Deep-sea trenches are elongated, arc-shaped ____________________ in the seafloor that are several kilometers ___ ...
... puzzled them the most. They wondered what could have caused them. A mid-ocean ridge is a long chain of underwater ____________________ contain active and extinct ____________________. Deep-sea trenches are elongated, arc-shaped ____________________ in the seafloor that are several kilometers ___ ...
key - Scioly.org
... 14. The San Andreas fautt cred'tes the tectonic boundary between which two plates? Pacific ...
... 14. The San Andreas fautt cred'tes the tectonic boundary between which two plates? Pacific ...
Marine Biology Exam 1 Study Guide
... Waves: crest, trough, wave height, wave length Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Chemosynthesis Cells Various organelles Water regulation; osmosis Possible Essay Questions: 1. Explain the steps of the scientific method including the definitions of a hypothesis and a scientific theory. 2. Explain ...
... Waves: crest, trough, wave height, wave length Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Chemosynthesis Cells Various organelles Water regulation; osmosis Possible Essay Questions: 1. Explain the steps of the scientific method including the definitions of a hypothesis and a scientific theory. 2. Explain ...
Earth Science Common Assessment #8
... • The shape of the ocean floor is known to scientists as submarine topography. The floor contains mountains, plains, canyons, plateaus, basins, and other topographic features that are found on land. Usually, the ocean bottom is divided into three major zones: the continental margin*, the ocean-basin ...
... • The shape of the ocean floor is known to scientists as submarine topography. The floor contains mountains, plains, canyons, plateaus, basins, and other topographic features that are found on land. Usually, the ocean bottom is divided into three major zones: the continental margin*, the ocean-basin ...
049539193X_177835
... ship. Unlike a simple echo sounder, a multibeam system may have as many as 121 beams radiating from a ship’s hull. 3. Satellites cannot measure ocean depths directly, but they can measure small variations in the elevation of surface water using radar beams. This is useful because the pull of gravity ...
... ship. Unlike a simple echo sounder, a multibeam system may have as many as 121 beams radiating from a ship’s hull. 3. Satellites cannot measure ocean depths directly, but they can measure small variations in the elevation of surface water using radar beams. This is useful because the pull of gravity ...
Quiz (with answers)
... 2. Is the continental margin shown below an active or a passive continental margin? Passive margin ...
... 2. Is the continental margin shown below an active or a passive continental margin? Passive margin ...
Seafloor Spreading
... 1. Hot, buoyant magma from the mantle rises up a mid-ocean ridge. 2. The magma erupts as lava and forms new seafloor. Magnetic polarity is set when rock cools. 3. The newly-formed rock is pushed away from the ridge axis as more lava erupts. 4. If the oceanic crust reaches a deep sea trench, it sinks ...
... 1. Hot, buoyant magma from the mantle rises up a mid-ocean ridge. 2. The magma erupts as lava and forms new seafloor. Magnetic polarity is set when rock cools. 3. The newly-formed rock is pushed away from the ridge axis as more lava erupts. 4. If the oceanic crust reaches a deep sea trench, it sinks ...
Chapter 3: Marine Provinces
... Submarine canyons cut into slope by turbidity currents Mixture of seawater and sediments Move under influence of gravity ...
... Submarine canyons cut into slope by turbidity currents Mixture of seawater and sediments Move under influence of gravity ...
The Ocean Floor
... o Glaciers 70% water in oceans Northern hemisphere – most continents Southern hemisphere – least continents – called the water hemisphere by random chance Continents extend many miles beyond the shoreline Continental margins o Passive continental margins – no activity – Eastern coast of North Americ ...
... o Glaciers 70% water in oceans Northern hemisphere – most continents Southern hemisphere – least continents – called the water hemisphere by random chance Continents extend many miles beyond the shoreline Continental margins o Passive continental margins – no activity – Eastern coast of North Americ ...
Seafloor Morphology - Department of Geology UPRM
... he abyssal hills have relatively low relief as they rise only 75 to 900 meters above the ocean floor. Abyssal hills were formed as an oceanic ridge. As the crust moved away from the spreading center, it cooled and sank to a lower depth. The mountainous terrain of the oceanic ridge is maintained, bec ...
... he abyssal hills have relatively low relief as they rise only 75 to 900 meters above the ocean floor. Abyssal hills were formed as an oceanic ridge. As the crust moved away from the spreading center, it cooled and sank to a lower depth. The mountainous terrain of the oceanic ridge is maintained, bec ...
Chapter 17 Study Guide Answers
... • 4. Climate clues (glaciers) • 5. Rock clues (similar mountains) ...
... • 4. Climate clues (glaciers) • 5. Rock clues (similar mountains) ...
Oceans Sonar Bathymetry Powerpoint
... d. guyot - submerged, inactive volcano flattened by erosion; like e. island - seamounts extending out of the water. They differ from continents because they have no margins. f. trenches – arc-shaped depression in the deep-ocean floor with very steep sides and flat sediment-filled bottoms, associated ...
... d. guyot - submerged, inactive volcano flattened by erosion; like e. island - seamounts extending out of the water. They differ from continents because they have no margins. f. trenches – arc-shaped depression in the deep-ocean floor with very steep sides and flat sediment-filled bottoms, associated ...
2.13 Divergent Plate Boundaries
... ridge system and are referred to as oceanic spreading centers. They are the sites where the seafloor spreads ...
... ridge system and are referred to as oceanic spreading centers. They are the sites where the seafloor spreads ...
Chapter 23 The Ocean Floor
... • Sound signal is sent to the ocean floor and the time it takes to reach the ocean floor and return determines the depth ...
... • Sound signal is sent to the ocean floor and the time it takes to reach the ocean floor and return determines the depth ...
Lecture 10 Plate Tectonics i
... Seafloor spreading in detail Harry Hess: Convection currents in mantle Seafloor spreading occurs along relatively narrow zones, called rift zones, located at the crests of ocean ridges As plates pulled apart, low pressure causes mantle mellting,magma moves into fractures and makes new oceanic litho ...
... Seafloor spreading in detail Harry Hess: Convection currents in mantle Seafloor spreading occurs along relatively narrow zones, called rift zones, located at the crests of ocean ridges As plates pulled apart, low pressure causes mantle mellting,magma moves into fractures and makes new oceanic litho ...
Chapter 4: geography and earth questions
... What two elements make up most of the core? (iron and nickel) To the nearest 1000m, what is the average depth of the oceans? (4000 m) What technique is used to map 60km wide swathes of ocean floor? (side scan sonar) What is the water called above the continental shelf? (neritic zone) What is the ter ...
... What two elements make up most of the core? (iron and nickel) To the nearest 1000m, what is the average depth of the oceans? (4000 m) What technique is used to map 60km wide swathes of ocean floor? (side scan sonar) What is the water called above the continental shelf? (neritic zone) What is the ter ...
Chapter 4: geography and earth questions
... Chapter 4: Oceanic Geography and the Earth What is the leading factor in outgassing? (volcanic activity) What percent of the freshwater is in the polar ice caps? (69% or 2/3) What is the maximum density of sea water? (2C) Which is more dense: basalt or granite? (basalt) Which type of crust is charac ...
... Chapter 4: Oceanic Geography and the Earth What is the leading factor in outgassing? (volcanic activity) What percent of the freshwater is in the polar ice caps? (69% or 2/3) What is the maximum density of sea water? (2C) Which is more dense: basalt or granite? (basalt) Which type of crust is charac ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.