- Nottingham ePrints
... Understanding the modulation of contextual fear learning and memory by the neurotransmitter dopamine is important as it could lead to a greater understanding of the mechanisms underlying anxiety disorders. The effect of D1 receptor antagonism during the contextual fear learning and memory stages was ...
... Understanding the modulation of contextual fear learning and memory by the neurotransmitter dopamine is important as it could lead to a greater understanding of the mechanisms underlying anxiety disorders. The effect of D1 receptor antagonism during the contextual fear learning and memory stages was ...
CRF Enhancement of GIRK Channel-Mediated
... current in 53 out of 72 neurons that averaged 15.7±2.8 pA (not shown). In the other 19 neurons examined there was either no effect (15 cells) or an outward current (4 cells). The CRF-induced change in holding current reached a steady-state level within 2 min after the application of CRF, whereas the ...
... current in 53 out of 72 neurons that averaged 15.7±2.8 pA (not shown). In the other 19 neurons examined there was either no effect (15 cells) or an outward current (4 cells). The CRF-induced change in holding current reached a steady-state level within 2 min after the application of CRF, whereas the ...
PDF + SI
... cells with tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT), which selectively cleaves the vesicle-associated SNARE proteins VAMP2 and VAMP3 (8, 9), or with concanamycin A, a compound that inhibits the vacuolar-type H⫹-ATPase (10), strongly reduced the release of D-serine. Finally, we demonstrate that a large part of D-se ...
... cells with tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT), which selectively cleaves the vesicle-associated SNARE proteins VAMP2 and VAMP3 (8, 9), or with concanamycin A, a compound that inhibits the vacuolar-type H⫹-ATPase (10), strongly reduced the release of D-serine. Finally, we demonstrate that a large part of D-se ...
Non-Quantal Acetylcholine Release at the Neuromuscular Junction
... cold-blooded animals) quanta of acetylcholine (ACh) are released following stimulation of motor nerve endings (for review Slater 2008). The acetylcholine activates postsynaptic receptors, an excitatory end-plate potential develops and ultimately a contraction may be launched. Endplate potentials res ...
... cold-blooded animals) quanta of acetylcholine (ACh) are released following stimulation of motor nerve endings (for review Slater 2008). The acetylcholine activates postsynaptic receptors, an excitatory end-plate potential develops and ultimately a contraction may be launched. Endplate potentials res ...
... gm.day-1, there were a mean increase in FEV1 of 13.4%, a decrease in b-agonist usage by 24%, an improvement in morning peak expiratory flow rate of 10%, a decrease in overall symptom scores of 37%, and a decrease in urinary leukotriene excretion by 39% [72]. There were no significant side-effects re ...
CORTICAL PLASTICITY: From Synapses to Maps
... postsynaptic activity results in the strengthening of the synaptic connection. For neurons to implement Hebb’s rule, they must possess a coincidence detector that records the co-concurrence of pre- and postsynaptic (or very rapidly successive) activity. A particular subtype of the glutamate receptor ...
... postsynaptic activity results in the strengthening of the synaptic connection. For neurons to implement Hebb’s rule, they must possess a coincidence detector that records the co-concurrence of pre- and postsynaptic (or very rapidly successive) activity. A particular subtype of the glutamate receptor ...
Analgesic Effects of Topical Ketamine
... nanomolar affinity for the dopamine D2 receptor as an agonist.22 Blocking the HCN1 pacemaker channels probably attributes to the anaesthetic property of ketamine.23 Ketamine further inhibits Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and reduces its expression.24 Activation of TLR4 stimulates translocation of t ...
... nanomolar affinity for the dopamine D2 receptor as an agonist.22 Blocking the HCN1 pacemaker channels probably attributes to the anaesthetic property of ketamine.23 Ketamine further inhibits Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and reduces its expression.24 Activation of TLR4 stimulates translocation of t ...
Increased Anxiety 3 Months after Brief Exposure to MDMA
... effects but only significantly in the piriform cortex. These data suggest that even brief, relatively low-dose MDMA exposure can produce significant, long-term changes in 5-HT receptor and transporter function and associated emotional behavior. Interestingly, long-term 5HT depletion may not be neces ...
... effects but only significantly in the piriform cortex. These data suggest that even brief, relatively low-dose MDMA exposure can produce significant, long-term changes in 5-HT receptor and transporter function and associated emotional behavior. Interestingly, long-term 5HT depletion may not be neces ...
Psilocybin links binocular rivalry switch rate to attention and
... 5-HT2A receptor activation has generally been considered to be the main factor contributing to the hallucinogenic properties of psilocybin (Nichols 2004; Vollenweider et al. 1998). Confirming this assumption, specific neural and signaling mechanisms proposed to be responsible for hallucinogenic effe ...
... 5-HT2A receptor activation has generally been considered to be the main factor contributing to the hallucinogenic properties of psilocybin (Nichols 2004; Vollenweider et al. 1998). Confirming this assumption, specific neural and signaling mechanisms proposed to be responsible for hallucinogenic effe ...
Full-Text PDF
... Subsequently, we cloned this transporter from humans [15], mice [16], dogs, rabbits, monkeys, chimpanzees, and zebrafish [17]. NaCT (SLC13A5) represents the first Na+ -coupled transporter selective for citrate that is expressed in the plasma membrane in mammalian tissues (Figure 1). 3. Cellular and ...
... Subsequently, we cloned this transporter from humans [15], mice [16], dogs, rabbits, monkeys, chimpanzees, and zebrafish [17]. NaCT (SLC13A5) represents the first Na+ -coupled transporter selective for citrate that is expressed in the plasma membrane in mammalian tissues (Figure 1). 3. Cellular and ...
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... frequencies. The complex electrical behavior of mammalian neurons is due to a huge array of VDICs with distinct ion flux rates and selectivity, although the major VDICs underlying neuronal excitability and electrical signaling are those selective for Na⫹, K⫹, and Ca2⫹. Neuronal VDICs also exhibit wi ...
... frequencies. The complex electrical behavior of mammalian neurons is due to a huge array of VDICs with distinct ion flux rates and selectivity, although the major VDICs underlying neuronal excitability and electrical signaling are those selective for Na⫹, K⫹, and Ca2⫹. Neuronal VDICs also exhibit wi ...
Understanding Opioid Reward Howard L. Fields and Elyssa B
... increases the future probability of a behavioral response that has produced a beneficial outcome; a more precise term for this process is ‘positive reinforcement’. In this review, we focus on how the actions of mu opioid (MOP) receptor agonists in the VTA can produce positive reinforcement, a critic ...
... increases the future probability of a behavioral response that has produced a beneficial outcome; a more precise term for this process is ‘positive reinforcement’. In this review, we focus on how the actions of mu opioid (MOP) receptor agonists in the VTA can produce positive reinforcement, a critic ...
Neurobiological Mechanisms Underlying Oestradiol Negative and
... GnRH neurones express functional GABAA, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, making these modes of communication likely candidates for conveying the feedback effects of oestradiol (12, 35–40). Glutamatergic transmission is excitat ...
... GnRH neurones express functional GABAA, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, making these modes of communication likely candidates for conveying the feedback effects of oestradiol (12, 35–40). Glutamatergic transmission is excitat ...
Neuronal LRP1 Knockout in Adult Mice Leads to Impaired Brain
... lighting conditions was assayed. Mouse activity was measured by 16 photoreceptor beams on all sides of the chamber connected to an Activity Monitor program (Med Associates). Zone analysis was performed to determine the time spent in the center of the chamber (designated by an 8 cm ⫻ 8 cm region) com ...
... lighting conditions was assayed. Mouse activity was measured by 16 photoreceptor beams on all sides of the chamber connected to an Activity Monitor program (Med Associates). Zone analysis was performed to determine the time spent in the center of the chamber (designated by an 8 cm ⫻ 8 cm region) com ...
Interaction between calmodulin and ER
... blocking interaction with coactivators. Gene transcription is thus inhibited. ...
... blocking interaction with coactivators. Gene transcription is thus inhibited. ...
Altered fear learning across development in both mouse and human
... PSYCHOLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE SCIENCES ...
... PSYCHOLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE SCIENCES ...
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN ADULT MAMMALIAN SENSORY CORTEX
... Experience-dependent changes in synaptic composition and function (synaptic plasticity) underlie many brain functions including learning and memory, formation of sensory maps, as well as the capability to recover from injury. Most of these functions decline with age, supporting the observation that ...
... Experience-dependent changes in synaptic composition and function (synaptic plasticity) underlie many brain functions including learning and memory, formation of sensory maps, as well as the capability to recover from injury. Most of these functions decline with age, supporting the observation that ...
Alpha-2 Adrenergic Regulation of Melatonin Release in Chick
... or its agonists in organ-cultured chick pineals leads to a decrease in the activity of NAT (Deguchi, 1979b), and treatment with norepinephrine in viva inhibits serum melatonin levels in ganglionectomized birds (Cassone and Menaker, 1983). Because norepinephrine inhibits melatonin synthesis, one woul ...
... or its agonists in organ-cultured chick pineals leads to a decrease in the activity of NAT (Deguchi, 1979b), and treatment with norepinephrine in viva inhibits serum melatonin levels in ganglionectomized birds (Cassone and Menaker, 1983). Because norepinephrine inhibits melatonin synthesis, one woul ...
How Do Short-Term Changes at Synapses Fine
... vesicle recycling kinetics in these animals. These results suggest that FXS is associated with abnormal STP and information processing in excitatory hippocampal synapses. Auditory nerve: converging synapses develop matched release probabilities A major issue concerning short-term plasticity is how i ...
... vesicle recycling kinetics in these animals. These results suggest that FXS is associated with abnormal STP and information processing in excitatory hippocampal synapses. Auditory nerve: converging synapses develop matched release probabilities A major issue concerning short-term plasticity is how i ...
Chapter 16—Probes for Endocytosis, Receptors and Ion Channels
... 16.1 Probes for Following Receptor Binding and Phagocytosis The plasma membrane defines the inside and outside of the cell. It not only encloses the cytosol to maintain the intracellular environment but also serves as a formidable barrier to the extracellular environment. Because cells require input ...
... 16.1 Probes for Following Receptor Binding and Phagocytosis The plasma membrane defines the inside and outside of the cell. It not only encloses the cytosol to maintain the intracellular environment but also serves as a formidable barrier to the extracellular environment. Because cells require input ...
![[Ca2+]c dynamics in spontaneously firing dopamine neurons of the](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/003492398_1-2708bc56966b4cab721b0073b5bc49ec-300x300.png)
[Ca2+]c dynamics in spontaneously firing dopamine neurons of the
... the whole-cell configuration in a current-clamp mode, we observed SAPs with an average frequency of 2-3 Hz (n=10). The membrane potential fluctuated between –64 and –50 mV (n=10, data not shown). Interestingly, this spontaneous firing was also detected in a cell-attached configuration, whose shapes ...
... the whole-cell configuration in a current-clamp mode, we observed SAPs with an average frequency of 2-3 Hz (n=10). The membrane potential fluctuated between –64 and –50 mV (n=10, data not shown). Interestingly, this spontaneous firing was also detected in a cell-attached configuration, whose shapes ...
100 Essential Drugs - University of Toledo
... MOA: involved in maintenance of cellular membrane potential I: antiarrhythmic Tx of hypokalemia UT: arrhythmias ...
... MOA: involved in maintenance of cellular membrane potential I: antiarrhythmic Tx of hypokalemia UT: arrhythmias ...
Dopamine and Benzodiazepine-Dependent Mechanisms
... of Vicini et al (2001) were of a C57BL/6J Strain 129Sv/ SvJ FVB/N background. However, despite some of the above differences, both lines display similar changes in GABAA receptor pharmacology, and an absence of any ‘overt’ behavioral differences (Sur et al, 2001; Vicini et al, 2001; Kralic et al ...
... of Vicini et al (2001) were of a C57BL/6J Strain 129Sv/ SvJ FVB/N background. However, despite some of the above differences, both lines display similar changes in GABAA receptor pharmacology, and an absence of any ‘overt’ behavioral differences (Sur et al, 2001; Vicini et al, 2001; Kralic et al ...
Neural mechanisms underlying morphine withdrawal in addicted
... was showen that nifedipine inhibited the signs of naloxone-precipitated withdrawal, which was not statistically significant, and the difference might be owing to different methodology applied. Another study in rats in which naloxone was not used for withdrawal, showed various withdrawal symptoms, in ...
... was showen that nifedipine inhibited the signs of naloxone-precipitated withdrawal, which was not statistically significant, and the difference might be owing to different methodology applied. Another study in rats in which naloxone was not used for withdrawal, showed various withdrawal symptoms, in ...
NMDA receptor
The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (also known as the NMDA receptor or NMDAR), is a glutamate receptor and ion channel protein found in nerve cells. It is activated when glutamate and glycine (or D-serine) bind to it, and when activated it allows positively charged ions to flow through the cell membrane. The NMDA receptor is very important for controlling synaptic plasticity and memory function.The NMDAR is a specific type of ionotropic glutamate receptor. The NMDA receptor is named this because the agonist molecule N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) binds selectively to it, and not to other glutamate receptors. Activation of NMDA receptors results in the opening of an ion channel that is nonselective to cations with a reversal potential near 0 mV. A property of the NMDA receptor is its voltage-dependent activation, a result of ion channel block by extracellular Mg2+ & Zn2+ ions. This allows the flow of Na+ and small amounts of Ca2+ ions into the cell and K+ out of the cell to be voltage-dependent.Calcium flux through NMDARs is thought to be critical in synaptic plasticity, a cellular mechanism for learning and memory. The NMDA receptor is distinct in two ways: first, it is both ligand-gated and voltage-dependent; second, it requires co-activation by two ligands: glutamate and either D-serine or glycine.The activity of the NMDA receptor is affected by many psychoactive drugs such as phencyclidine (PCP), alcohol (ethanol) and dextromethorphan (DXM). The anaesthetic effects of the drugs ketamine and nitrous oxide are partially because of their effects on NMDA receptor activity.