Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors
... mobilization and increased cardiovascular and respiratory rates, whereas digestive and reproductive functions are inhibited (Charmandari et al., 2005). The fundamental process through which the organism actively adjusts to stressful challenges is referred to as “allostasis” and represents an essenti ...
... mobilization and increased cardiovascular and respiratory rates, whereas digestive and reproductive functions are inhibited (Charmandari et al., 2005). The fundamental process through which the organism actively adjusts to stressful challenges is referred to as “allostasis” and represents an essenti ...
Estradiol, Substance P, and the PI3K-Akt
... The pain system is exceedingly complex. Its features include plasticity in the primary afferents, dorsal horn, and brain; pain inhibition systems; descending modulation from the brain to the dorsal horn; changes in extracellular signaling molecules and inflammatory mediators; changes in membrane rec ...
... The pain system is exceedingly complex. Its features include plasticity in the primary afferents, dorsal horn, and brain; pain inhibition systems; descending modulation from the brain to the dorsal horn; changes in extracellular signaling molecules and inflammatory mediators; changes in membrane rec ...
Print
... Thrombin cleaves PAR3 at K382T39FRGAP, and mutation of the cleavage site to one that would be resistant to thrombin prevents activation (135). Cleavage by thrombin exposes a new amino terminus (TFRGAP) that may interact with the receptor as a tethered ligand. However, in marked contrast to PAR1, PAR ...
... Thrombin cleaves PAR3 at K382T39FRGAP, and mutation of the cleavage site to one that would be resistant to thrombin prevents activation (135). Cleavage by thrombin exposes a new amino terminus (TFRGAP) that may interact with the receptor as a tethered ligand. However, in marked contrast to PAR1, PAR ...
Epilepsy: A Comprehensive Study
... directly with an ion pore) form two major subdivisions, NMDA-preferring receptors and non-NMDA receptors.l2 On most occasions, excitatory postsynaptic potentials in cortical structures are produced mainly through activation of non-NMDA receptors. When this channel opens, it is permeated primarily wi ...
... directly with an ion pore) form two major subdivisions, NMDA-preferring receptors and non-NMDA receptors.l2 On most occasions, excitatory postsynaptic potentials in cortical structures are produced mainly through activation of non-NMDA receptors. When this channel opens, it is permeated primarily wi ...
Chapter 2 Reivew of Lierature
... 1995) which are involved in the rewarding effects of nicotine. These behavioral abnormalities develop gradually and progressively during a course of repeated exposure to a drug of abuse, and can persist for months or years after discontinuation of drug use. As a result, drug addiction can be conside ...
... 1995) which are involved in the rewarding effects of nicotine. These behavioral abnormalities develop gradually and progressively during a course of repeated exposure to a drug of abuse, and can persist for months or years after discontinuation of drug use. As a result, drug addiction can be conside ...
New Functions of APC/C Ubiquitin Ligase in the Nervous System
... First indications for a role of APC/C in the nervous system were provided by mRNA expression data of the APC subunits in neurons. Gieffers et al. (1999) reported that some APC/C subunits and cdh1 were ubiquitously expressed in fully differentiated cultured rat hippocampal neurons [11], which initiat ...
... First indications for a role of APC/C in the nervous system were provided by mRNA expression data of the APC subunits in neurons. Gieffers et al. (1999) reported that some APC/C subunits and cdh1 were ubiquitously expressed in fully differentiated cultured rat hippocampal neurons [11], which initiat ...
Modulation of calcium by sympathetic activation
... true, it is less clear how targeting would practically work for phospholamban and troponin I phosphorylation (as compared with ICa or RyR). This would require very high amounts of the various anchoring and signalling proteins, because troponin I and phospholamban are present at 50 mM or higher conce ...
... true, it is less clear how targeting would practically work for phospholamban and troponin I phosphorylation (as compared with ICa or RyR). This would require very high amounts of the various anchoring and signalling proteins, because troponin I and phospholamban are present at 50 mM or higher conce ...
Review Spectrin and calpain
... Molecular modeling of the 11th repeat segment provided evidence that the calpain cleavage site (with the critical Tyr1176–Gly1177 bond) with its flanking calmodulin binding domain forms a highly exposed loop within helix C (see fig. 1B). Moreover, from site-directed mutagenesis experiments it was co ...
... Molecular modeling of the 11th repeat segment provided evidence that the calpain cleavage site (with the critical Tyr1176–Gly1177 bond) with its flanking calmodulin binding domain forms a highly exposed loop within helix C (see fig. 1B). Moreover, from site-directed mutagenesis experiments it was co ...
Ribosome Subunit Stapling for Orthogonal Translation in E.coli
... binding.[3, 4] Following induction of rRNA synthesis with IPTG, we followed the growth of cells in different concentrations of chloramphenicol (Cm) to assess the activity of Oribo(h44H101). Cells bearing the O-cat reporter alone, or provided with pRSF-O-ribo but not induced with IPTG, do not grow on ...
... binding.[3, 4] Following induction of rRNA synthesis with IPTG, we followed the growth of cells in different concentrations of chloramphenicol (Cm) to assess the activity of Oribo(h44H101). Cells bearing the O-cat reporter alone, or provided with pRSF-O-ribo but not induced with IPTG, do not grow on ...
Dopamine: the rewarding years
... their pharmacology and coupling to adenylyl cyclase (Kebabian & Calne, 1979). This receptor remains a key target for antipsychotic drugs, although it is also known to be linked to various adverse side effects associated with such drugs (see later). It was not until the early 1980s that the dopamine ...
... their pharmacology and coupling to adenylyl cyclase (Kebabian & Calne, 1979). This receptor remains a key target for antipsychotic drugs, although it is also known to be linked to various adverse side effects associated with such drugs (see later). It was not until the early 1980s that the dopamine ...
A Dendritic Disinhibitory Circuit Mechanism for Pathway
... are critical to the nonlinear dendritic computations, and inhibitory inputs are mediated only by ...
... are critical to the nonlinear dendritic computations, and inhibitory inputs are mediated only by ...
A Multifaceted GABAA Receptor Modulator
... Assays. Methaqualone was tested 60 minutes and diazepam 30 minutes after a subcutaneous dose in the beam walk assay, which is a sensitive measure of sedation or ataxia side effects. Briefly, mice walk across a wooden beam, 8 mm in diameter and 60 cm long, to a goal box at the far end. The number of ...
... Assays. Methaqualone was tested 60 minutes and diazepam 30 minutes after a subcutaneous dose in the beam walk assay, which is a sensitive measure of sedation or ataxia side effects. Briefly, mice walk across a wooden beam, 8 mm in diameter and 60 cm long, to a goal box at the far end. The number of ...
Pearson SA, Mouihate A, Pittman QJ, Whelan PJ
... Bath-applied AVP or OXT produced a dose-dependent increase in population bursting activity recorded from ventral roots (Fig. 2). Response latency varied from 30 sec to 3 min, depending on the preparation and the concentration of bath-applied peptide. Responses were quantified by calculating the inte ...
... Bath-applied AVP or OXT produced a dose-dependent increase in population bursting activity recorded from ventral roots (Fig. 2). Response latency varied from 30 sec to 3 min, depending on the preparation and the concentration of bath-applied peptide. Responses were quantified by calculating the inte ...
Glycolytic Enzymes Localize to Synapses under Energy Stress to
... that alter the metabolic state of the brain, such as hypoxia, starvation, and hypoglycemia, have profound effects on synaptic transmission and cognitive function (Cherubini et al., 1989; Gold et al., 1995). Even brief interruptions of activity-stimulated ATP synthesis can result in severe impairment ...
... that alter the metabolic state of the brain, such as hypoxia, starvation, and hypoglycemia, have profound effects on synaptic transmission and cognitive function (Cherubini et al., 1989; Gold et al., 1995). Even brief interruptions of activity-stimulated ATP synthesis can result in severe impairment ...
Fear conditioning, synaptic plasticity and the amygdala
... of somatization. Avoidance symptoms include avoiding reminders of the experience, feeling emotionally numb, losing interest in previously enjoyable activities and deficits in learning and memory. These symptoms might cause a person to change his or her personal routine. Finally, hyperarousal symptom ...
... of somatization. Avoidance symptoms include avoiding reminders of the experience, feeling emotionally numb, losing interest in previously enjoyable activities and deficits in learning and memory. These symptoms might cause a person to change his or her personal routine. Finally, hyperarousal symptom ...
Inhibiting the breakdown of endogenous opioids and
... Outside the cells, enkephalins interact with opioid receptors only, and their signal is interrupted by the concomitant action of two zinc metallopeptidases — NEP and APN — that generate inactive metabolites. The circulating concentrations of enkephalins, which modulate the physiological analgesic re ...
... Outside the cells, enkephalins interact with opioid receptors only, and their signal is interrupted by the concomitant action of two zinc metallopeptidases — NEP and APN — that generate inactive metabolites. The circulating concentrations of enkephalins, which modulate the physiological analgesic re ...
Fluoxetine and hyperforin appear to act like a
... pumps to the same extent as aminocaproic acid and hyperforin, it actually exceeded both of them, contrary to our predictions (figure 1). Because fluoxetine exhibited such strong results, we can conclude that fluoxetine acts like hyperforin with respect to glutamate reuptake inhibition, which validat ...
... pumps to the same extent as aminocaproic acid and hyperforin, it actually exceeded both of them, contrary to our predictions (figure 1). Because fluoxetine exhibited such strong results, we can conclude that fluoxetine acts like hyperforin with respect to glutamate reuptake inhibition, which validat ...
New Concepts of the Neuroendocrine Regulation of Gonadotropin
... the afternoon of proestrus. It remains unclear, however, how neural signals converge with endocrine signals (estrogen) inspecific brain cells and how their cellular integration leads to appropriate secretion of gonadotropin surges. Previous work has suggested that estrogen may exert its facilitatory ...
... the afternoon of proestrus. It remains unclear, however, how neural signals converge with endocrine signals (estrogen) inspecific brain cells and how their cellular integration leads to appropriate secretion of gonadotropin surges. Previous work has suggested that estrogen may exert its facilitatory ...
UTEROTONIC PROPERTIES OF NYMPHAEA ALBA ON ISOLATED MYOMETRIUM MODEL Original Article
... (Nymphaeaceae) occurs in temperate and tropical regions. There are approximately 50species in this genus. Most are aquatic herbs, which are widely distributed in India, from Bengal, Orissa to Kashmir in lakes and ponds. The roots have also been used extensively in a variety of folk medicine. The dri ...
... (Nymphaeaceae) occurs in temperate and tropical regions. There are approximately 50species in this genus. Most are aquatic herbs, which are widely distributed in India, from Bengal, Orissa to Kashmir in lakes and ponds. The roots have also been used extensively in a variety of folk medicine. The dri ...
V U Z (vzw)
... Neurosciences (supplement on neurotoxins, June 1996) neuromuscular and neuronal transmission may be blocked at the level of ion channels, specific receptors, G-proteins and enzymes. Interestin the action mechanism and potential therapeutic use of CoHMS toxins is only recent, but it is rapidly growin ...
... Neurosciences (supplement on neurotoxins, June 1996) neuromuscular and neuronal transmission may be blocked at the level of ion channels, specific receptors, G-proteins and enzymes. Interestin the action mechanism and potential therapeutic use of CoHMS toxins is only recent, but it is rapidly growin ...
Cell Type-Specific, Presynaptic LTP of Inhibitory Synapses on Fast
... further analysis of inhibitory synaptic plasticity, IPSPs evoked by electrical stimulation of an adjacent site in the cortex were recorded from FS-GABA neurons. Theta burst stimulation induced LTP of IPSPs in 12 of 14 FS-GABA neurons. The paired-pulse stimulation protocol and coefficient of variatio ...
... further analysis of inhibitory synaptic plasticity, IPSPs evoked by electrical stimulation of an adjacent site in the cortex were recorded from FS-GABA neurons. Theta burst stimulation induced LTP of IPSPs in 12 of 14 FS-GABA neurons. The paired-pulse stimulation protocol and coefficient of variatio ...
Neuropeptides in learning and memory processes with focus
... acids in length. However, marked species differences exist, not only in peptide expression in various brain systems but also in receptor distribution and localization. Neuropeptides differ from classical transmitters with regard to synthesis, storage and release-mechanisms. They are synthesized in t ...
... acids in length. However, marked species differences exist, not only in peptide expression in various brain systems but also in receptor distribution and localization. Neuropeptides differ from classical transmitters with regard to synthesis, storage and release-mechanisms. They are synthesized in t ...
Excitatory Mechanisms in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: The Role of
... Gillette 1997). Previous studies suggest that the basic mechanism responsible for the generation of these rhythms is intrinsic to individual cells in the SCN (Welsh et al. 1995) and perhaps in other cell types (Balsalobre et al. 1998). The core molecular mechanism driving these cellular oscillations ...
... Gillette 1997). Previous studies suggest that the basic mechanism responsible for the generation of these rhythms is intrinsic to individual cells in the SCN (Welsh et al. 1995) and perhaps in other cell types (Balsalobre et al. 1998). The core molecular mechanism driving these cellular oscillations ...
The Dialectics of Hebb and Homeostasis within
... unfolds slowly, over a time scale of hours to days, which is likely fast enough to compensate for most perturbations these networks normally encounter during experience-dependent development. However, this slowness may be a critical issue for another proposed function of synaptic scaling, which is t ...
... unfolds slowly, over a time scale of hours to days, which is likely fast enough to compensate for most perturbations these networks normally encounter during experience-dependent development. However, this slowness may be a critical issue for another proposed function of synaptic scaling, which is t ...
Opioid Withdrawal: A New Look At Medication
... memory reconsolidation associated with morphine,18 when they tested this theory in rats, they found that in a setting of exposure to high doses of morphine, propranolol was not able to disrupt memory reconsolidation.19 This study indicates that chronic exposure to morphine markedly alters the effect ...
... memory reconsolidation associated with morphine,18 when they tested this theory in rats, they found that in a setting of exposure to high doses of morphine, propranolol was not able to disrupt memory reconsolidation.19 This study indicates that chronic exposure to morphine markedly alters the effect ...
NMDA receptor
The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (also known as the NMDA receptor or NMDAR), is a glutamate receptor and ion channel protein found in nerve cells. It is activated when glutamate and glycine (or D-serine) bind to it, and when activated it allows positively charged ions to flow through the cell membrane. The NMDA receptor is very important for controlling synaptic plasticity and memory function.The NMDAR is a specific type of ionotropic glutamate receptor. The NMDA receptor is named this because the agonist molecule N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) binds selectively to it, and not to other glutamate receptors. Activation of NMDA receptors results in the opening of an ion channel that is nonselective to cations with a reversal potential near 0 mV. A property of the NMDA receptor is its voltage-dependent activation, a result of ion channel block by extracellular Mg2+ & Zn2+ ions. This allows the flow of Na+ and small amounts of Ca2+ ions into the cell and K+ out of the cell to be voltage-dependent.Calcium flux through NMDARs is thought to be critical in synaptic plasticity, a cellular mechanism for learning and memory. The NMDA receptor is distinct in two ways: first, it is both ligand-gated and voltage-dependent; second, it requires co-activation by two ligands: glutamate and either D-serine or glycine.The activity of the NMDA receptor is affected by many psychoactive drugs such as phencyclidine (PCP), alcohol (ethanol) and dextromethorphan (DXM). The anaesthetic effects of the drugs ketamine and nitrous oxide are partially because of their effects on NMDA receptor activity.