Supplement
... solid curves are binding-relation fits with IC50 as indicated. PEG conjugation lowers diffusible drug potency by ~30-fold on HT‒ cells (compare black curve in panel B to those in panel A). Drug potency on HT+ cells increases as a function of increasing PEG length. The combination of these two factor ...
... solid curves are binding-relation fits with IC50 as indicated. PEG conjugation lowers diffusible drug potency by ~30-fold on HT‒ cells (compare black curve in panel B to those in panel A). Drug potency on HT+ cells increases as a function of increasing PEG length. The combination of these two factor ...
Frequency-Dependent Recruitment of Fast Amino Acid and Slow
... control GnRH-GFP-Gpr54 ⫹/⫹ mice. All exand location of the two slices used. B, Schematic three-dimensional view of the relevant structures and cell types contained within perimentation was approved by the University the two slices. The oval dots represent GnRH neurons. C, Photograph of a brain slice ...
... control GnRH-GFP-Gpr54 ⫹/⫹ mice. All exand location of the two slices used. B, Schematic three-dimensional view of the relevant structures and cell types contained within perimentation was approved by the University the two slices. The oval dots represent GnRH neurons. C, Photograph of a brain slice ...
Olfaction and the Chemical Senses
... This thesis presents a set of experiments aimed at uncovering a biological solution to the computational problem of information processing for pattern recognition. The choice of olfaction is not coincidental: it is one of the simplest general-use pattern recognition systems in the brain (Hendin et a ...
... This thesis presents a set of experiments aimed at uncovering a biological solution to the computational problem of information processing for pattern recognition. The choice of olfaction is not coincidental: it is one of the simplest general-use pattern recognition systems in the brain (Hendin et a ...
From Lesions to Leptin: Review Hypothalamic Control of Food
... and that portion of the lateral hypothalamic area ventral to it, and probably also the ventral premammillary nuclei. Conversely, Hetherington and Ranson noted that lesions in the adjacent lateral hypothalamus could lead to decreased food intake (Hetherington and Ranson, 1940; Stevenson, 1970). Anand ...
... and that portion of the lateral hypothalamic area ventral to it, and probably also the ventral premammillary nuclei. Conversely, Hetherington and Ranson noted that lesions in the adjacent lateral hypothalamus could lead to decreased food intake (Hetherington and Ranson, 1940; Stevenson, 1970). Anand ...
A mutation mimicking ligandinduced conformational change yields a
... receptors (e.g. NGFI-B). The response element repertoires of these homodimers and heterodimers are dictated by dimerization surfaces in the corresponding DNA-binding domains (Gronemeyer and Laudet, 1995; Gronemeyer and Moras, 1995; and references therein). All receptors with known ligands contain tw ...
... receptors (e.g. NGFI-B). The response element repertoires of these homodimers and heterodimers are dictated by dimerization surfaces in the corresponding DNA-binding domains (Gronemeyer and Laudet, 1995; Gronemeyer and Moras, 1995; and references therein). All receptors with known ligands contain tw ...
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha in normal and diseased brain
... 1997). Although much of this action occurs in response to immune activation, there is growing evidence to suggest that peripheral TNF-α and other peripheral cytokines may exert neuromodulatory actions in healthy individuals under noninflammatory (i.e., immune “normal”) conditions—for example, regula ...
... 1997). Although much of this action occurs in response to immune activation, there is growing evidence to suggest that peripheral TNF-α and other peripheral cytokines may exert neuromodulatory actions in healthy individuals under noninflammatory (i.e., immune “normal”) conditions—for example, regula ...
Evidence for Chronically Altered Serotonin Function in the Cerebral
... The tracer [18F]setoperone has been used by a number of investigators to study cortical serotonin2A receptor levels in depression,48,49 schizophrenia,50,51 and Alzheimer disease52 and to measure the effects of antipsychotic and antidepressant medications53,54 on serotonin2A receptor levels. The bind ...
... The tracer [18F]setoperone has been used by a number of investigators to study cortical serotonin2A receptor levels in depression,48,49 schizophrenia,50,51 and Alzheimer disease52 and to measure the effects of antipsychotic and antidepressant medications53,54 on serotonin2A receptor levels. The bind ...
The neurochemistry of the GnRH pulse generator
... gonadotropin release is crucially dependent on pulsatile GnRH secretion from hypothalamic neurons (Knobil 1980). A prerequisite for GnRH neurons in the hypothalamus to release their peptide simultaneously is phasic and synchronous activation (Wilson et al. 1984). The location of the neurons and thei ...
... gonadotropin release is crucially dependent on pulsatile GnRH secretion from hypothalamic neurons (Knobil 1980). A prerequisite for GnRH neurons in the hypothalamus to release their peptide simultaneously is phasic and synchronous activation (Wilson et al. 1984). The location of the neurons and thei ...
Memory Maintenance in Synapses with Calcium
... due to the lower extracellular calcium concentration in vivo on the time scale of synaptic decay has not been considered heretofore. In the present paper, we study the persistence of synaptic changes, first in a synapse connecting a pair of independent Poisson neurons, and second in a large network ...
... due to the lower extracellular calcium concentration in vivo on the time scale of synaptic decay has not been considered heretofore. In the present paper, we study the persistence of synaptic changes, first in a synapse connecting a pair of independent Poisson neurons, and second in a large network ...
DOCTORAL THESIS
... exhibited a remarkably high activity (IC50 = 50 nM) being one of the most potent TRPV1 blockers described. It behaves as a polymodal antagonist against capsaicin and pH activation signals, exhibiting a low toxicity profile both in vitro and in vivo. Concerning its mechanism of action, 46 acts as an ...
... exhibited a remarkably high activity (IC50 = 50 nM) being one of the most potent TRPV1 blockers described. It behaves as a polymodal antagonist against capsaicin and pH activation signals, exhibiting a low toxicity profile both in vitro and in vivo. Concerning its mechanism of action, 46 acts as an ...
The anorexigenic cytokine ciliary neurotrophic factor stimulates
... inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase (55) and the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathways (14, 15, 44, 53). Phosphorylated STAT3 forms a dime ...
... inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase (55) and the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathways (14, 15, 44, 53). Phosphorylated STAT3 forms a dime ...
PapD-like chaperones and pilus biogenesis
... The crystal structure of PapD and the solution structure of FimC, and more recently, the crystal structures of the FimC᎐FimH chaperone᎐adhesin complex and the PapD᎐PapK chaperone᎐pilin complex have all been solved.25 ᎐ 28 The chaperone consists of two immunoglobulin-like ŽIg. domains oriented in an ...
... The crystal structure of PapD and the solution structure of FimC, and more recently, the crystal structures of the FimC᎐FimH chaperone᎐adhesin complex and the PapD᎐PapK chaperone᎐pilin complex have all been solved.25 ᎐ 28 The chaperone consists of two immunoglobulin-like ŽIg. domains oriented in an ...
Glossary of Olfactory Terms
... are anosmic to isovaleric acid—a relatively small percentage compared to those to isobutyraldehyde and androstenone. It, however, was the first reported form of specific anosmia. ...
... are anosmic to isovaleric acid—a relatively small percentage compared to those to isobutyraldehyde and androstenone. It, however, was the first reported form of specific anosmia. ...
Cholesterol and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
... A search through Pubmed with the single noun “cholesterol” yields more than 250,000 citations of scientific publications, and today these are clearly outnumbered by references with medical connotations of a dietary, metabolic or physiopathological nature, related to supra-normal levels of cholestero ...
... A search through Pubmed with the single noun “cholesterol” yields more than 250,000 citations of scientific publications, and today these are clearly outnumbered by references with medical connotations of a dietary, metabolic or physiopathological nature, related to supra-normal levels of cholestero ...
μ-Opioid Receptor-Mediated Depression of the Hypothalamic
... increases hypocretin mRNA (Zhou et al., 2006) and induces c-fos in hypocretin cells, and withdrawal symptoms are attenuated in hypocretin-knock-out mice (Georgescu et al., 2003). Hypocretin neurons are activated by cues associated with drug and food reward (Harris et al., 2005). Together, these data ...
... increases hypocretin mRNA (Zhou et al., 2006) and induces c-fos in hypocretin cells, and withdrawal symptoms are attenuated in hypocretin-knock-out mice (Georgescu et al., 2003). Hypocretin neurons are activated by cues associated with drug and food reward (Harris et al., 2005). Together, these data ...
ketamine protocol - HPC Consultation Services
... BID nursing visits X 48 hours & following each Ketamine or opioid dose adjustment. ...
... BID nursing visits X 48 hours & following each Ketamine or opioid dose adjustment. ...
Developing an Animal Model of Polysubstance Abuse in Adolescence
... Repeated exposure to drugs of abuse conditions individuals to anticipate the behavioral consequences of drug use specifically in the presence of a drug-associated context. In rodents, preferences and aversions for alcohol and cocaine have been conditioned; however, the mechanisms underlying the expr ...
... Repeated exposure to drugs of abuse conditions individuals to anticipate the behavioral consequences of drug use specifically in the presence of a drug-associated context. In rodents, preferences and aversions for alcohol and cocaine have been conditioned; however, the mechanisms underlying the expr ...
The immunomodulatory actions of adenosine during systemic
... known receptors, designated A1, A 2a, A 2b and A3. Under basal conditions, interstitial adenosine concentrations are very low (within the nanomolar range),10 but sufficient to activate three of its receptors, namely, the A1, A 2a and A3 receptor.13 The A 2b receptor has a lower affinity for adenosin ...
... known receptors, designated A1, A 2a, A 2b and A3. Under basal conditions, interstitial adenosine concentrations are very low (within the nanomolar range),10 but sufficient to activate three of its receptors, namely, the A1, A 2a and A3 receptor.13 The A 2b receptor has a lower affinity for adenosin ...
Introduction
... brain is consistent with the ability of cannabinoids to alter pain perception, affect motor function, impair cognition and memory, and stimulate feeding (Hohmann and Herkenham, 2000; Herkenham et al., 1990; Matsuda et al., 1993; Freund et al., 2003). Those actions are effectively inhibited by the CB ...
... brain is consistent with the ability of cannabinoids to alter pain perception, affect motor function, impair cognition and memory, and stimulate feeding (Hohmann and Herkenham, 2000; Herkenham et al., 1990; Matsuda et al., 1993; Freund et al., 2003). Those actions are effectively inhibited by the CB ...
Single unit and extracellular firing rate recordings in vivo
... TM region were cut and incubated for 1 hour in a solution containing (mM): NaCl 125, KCl 3.7, CaCl2 1.0, MgCl2 1.0, NaH2PO4 1.3, NaHCO3 23, D-glucose 10, phenol red 0.01%, bubbled with carbogen (pH 7.4). TMN was dissected from the slice and incubated with papain in crude form (0.3 - 0.5 mg/ml) for 3 ...
... TM region were cut and incubated for 1 hour in a solution containing (mM): NaCl 125, KCl 3.7, CaCl2 1.0, MgCl2 1.0, NaH2PO4 1.3, NaHCO3 23, D-glucose 10, phenol red 0.01%, bubbled with carbogen (pH 7.4). TMN was dissected from the slice and incubated with papain in crude form (0.3 - 0.5 mg/ml) for 3 ...
Distinct Roles of PDE4 and PDE10A in the Regulation of cAMP/PKA
... Phosphodiesterase (PDE) is a critical regulator of cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling in cells. Multiple PDEs with different substrate specificities and subcellular localization are expressed in neurons. Dopamine plays a central role in the regulation of motor and cognitive functions. The effect ...
... Phosphodiesterase (PDE) is a critical regulator of cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling in cells. Multiple PDEs with different substrate specificities and subcellular localization are expressed in neurons. Dopamine plays a central role in the regulation of motor and cognitive functions. The effect ...
Regulation of Nerve Growth Factor Receptor Gene Expression by
... Figure 1. Expression of the NGF receptor, tyrosine hydroxylase, and neuropeptide Y mRNAs in the postnatal day 12 SCG with and without NGF treatment. Northern blot analysis of (a) NGF receptor, (b) tyrosine hydroxylase, and (c) neuropeptide Y mRNAs in equal amounts of total RNA from the SCG of an an ...
... Figure 1. Expression of the NGF receptor, tyrosine hydroxylase, and neuropeptide Y mRNAs in the postnatal day 12 SCG with and without NGF treatment. Northern blot analysis of (a) NGF receptor, (b) tyrosine hydroxylase, and (c) neuropeptide Y mRNAs in equal amounts of total RNA from the SCG of an an ...
Volume 50 Number 1
... Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE), the highest honor bestowed by the United States government on outstanding scientists and engineers beginning their independent careers. In addition to the clinical importance of her work for understanding multiple sclerosis and d ...
... Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE), the highest honor bestowed by the United States government on outstanding scientists and engineers beginning their independent careers. In addition to the clinical importance of her work for understanding multiple sclerosis and d ...
Opioids - Waterloo Region Integrated Drugs Strategy
... Fentanyl is a potent opioid, used in anesthesia, for pain, chronic pain, pain in end of life care Typically administered as a patch placed on the skin Fentanyl is produced by pharmaceutical manufacturers Small chemical changes to fentanyl can result in drugs with very similar actions These “bootleg” ...
... Fentanyl is a potent opioid, used in anesthesia, for pain, chronic pain, pain in end of life care Typically administered as a patch placed on the skin Fentanyl is produced by pharmaceutical manufacturers Small chemical changes to fentanyl can result in drugs with very similar actions These “bootleg” ...
NMDA receptor
The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (also known as the NMDA receptor or NMDAR), is a glutamate receptor and ion channel protein found in nerve cells. It is activated when glutamate and glycine (or D-serine) bind to it, and when activated it allows positively charged ions to flow through the cell membrane. The NMDA receptor is very important for controlling synaptic plasticity and memory function.The NMDAR is a specific type of ionotropic glutamate receptor. The NMDA receptor is named this because the agonist molecule N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) binds selectively to it, and not to other glutamate receptors. Activation of NMDA receptors results in the opening of an ion channel that is nonselective to cations with a reversal potential near 0 mV. A property of the NMDA receptor is its voltage-dependent activation, a result of ion channel block by extracellular Mg2+ & Zn2+ ions. This allows the flow of Na+ and small amounts of Ca2+ ions into the cell and K+ out of the cell to be voltage-dependent.Calcium flux through NMDARs is thought to be critical in synaptic plasticity, a cellular mechanism for learning and memory. The NMDA receptor is distinct in two ways: first, it is both ligand-gated and voltage-dependent; second, it requires co-activation by two ligands: glutamate and either D-serine or glycine.The activity of the NMDA receptor is affected by many psychoactive drugs such as phencyclidine (PCP), alcohol (ethanol) and dextromethorphan (DXM). The anaesthetic effects of the drugs ketamine and nitrous oxide are partially because of their effects on NMDA receptor activity.