New insights into enhancing morphine analgesia Tuomas
... glutamate transporters (Pasternak, 2007). Moreover, a counter-regulatory antiopioid system could be involved, including neuromodulators such as cholecystokinin or dynorphin (Xie et al., 2005). The formation of heterodimeric receptor complexes between mu-opioid and other receptors, such as the alpha- ...
... glutamate transporters (Pasternak, 2007). Moreover, a counter-regulatory antiopioid system could be involved, including neuromodulators such as cholecystokinin or dynorphin (Xie et al., 2005). The formation of heterodimeric receptor complexes between mu-opioid and other receptors, such as the alpha- ...
Full Text - J
... endothelial cells, where its function is less clearly understood (22). Orally administered DOPA is metabolized in the peripheral tissues and in the gastrointestinal tract by AADC, catechol-O-methyltransferase and monoamine oxidase A. This metabolism substantially reduces the effective dose of DOPA a ...
... endothelial cells, where its function is less clearly understood (22). Orally administered DOPA is metabolized in the peripheral tissues and in the gastrointestinal tract by AADC, catechol-O-methyltransferase and monoamine oxidase A. This metabolism substantially reduces the effective dose of DOPA a ...
as a PDF
... the frequency of stimulation was varied. These parameters are based on those used clinically (see Robinson and Snyder-Mackler, 1995) and those previously published (Sluka et al., 1998). Immediately after TENS treatment, PWLs were determined and spontaneous pain-related behaviors were recorded. Final ...
... the frequency of stimulation was varied. These parameters are based on those used clinically (see Robinson and Snyder-Mackler, 1995) and those previously published (Sluka et al., 1998). Immediately after TENS treatment, PWLs were determined and spontaneous pain-related behaviors were recorded. Final ...
Spinal Blockade of Opioid Receptors Prevents the Analgesia
... the frequency of stimulation was varied. These parameters are based on those used clinically (see Robinson and Snyder-Mackler, 1995) and those previously published (Sluka et al., 1998). Immediately after TENS treatment, PWLs were determined and spontaneous pain-related behaviors were recorded. Final ...
... the frequency of stimulation was varied. These parameters are based on those used clinically (see Robinson and Snyder-Mackler, 1995) and those previously published (Sluka et al., 1998). Immediately after TENS treatment, PWLs were determined and spontaneous pain-related behaviors were recorded. Final ...
as a PDF
... Alcoholism is a psychiatric disorder characterized by impaired selected for EtOH preference. Significant differences were control over drinking, leading to tolerance, physical dependfound in the density, binding affinity and function of CB1 ence, uncontrollable craving, and relapse. The effects of a ...
... Alcoholism is a psychiatric disorder characterized by impaired selected for EtOH preference. Significant differences were control over drinking, leading to tolerance, physical dependfound in the density, binding affinity and function of CB1 ence, uncontrollable craving, and relapse. The effects of a ...
Bidirectional Modification of Presynaptic Neuronal Excitability
... Persistent changes in neural circuits induced by electrical activity are essential for experience-dependent refinement of the developing nervous system (Katz and Shatz, 1996; Zhang and Poo, 2001) and for learning and memory functions of the mature brain (Hebb, 1949; Bliss and Collingridge, 1993; Mar ...
... Persistent changes in neural circuits induced by electrical activity are essential for experience-dependent refinement of the developing nervous system (Katz and Shatz, 1996; Zhang and Poo, 2001) and for learning and memory functions of the mature brain (Hebb, 1949; Bliss and Collingridge, 1993; Mar ...
Study of the interaction between 3,4- methylenedioximethamphetamine and the endocannabinoid system
... addictive drugs are believed to be related to actions on brain reward circuitry, emotional and motivational aspects of dependence may be related to drug-induced adaptations in the same circuitry. These adaptations within reward pathway may be potential mediators of drug withdrawal dysphoric states. ...
... addictive drugs are believed to be related to actions on brain reward circuitry, emotional and motivational aspects of dependence may be related to drug-induced adaptations in the same circuitry. These adaptations within reward pathway may be potential mediators of drug withdrawal dysphoric states. ...
38: Opioids
... binding protein (G-protein)–binding receptor superfamily. However, the extracellular and intracellular segments differ from one another. These nonhomologous segments probably represent the ligand binding and signal transduction regions, respectively, which would be expected to differ among the three ...
... binding protein (G-protein)–binding receptor superfamily. However, the extracellular and intracellular segments differ from one another. These nonhomologous segments probably represent the ligand binding and signal transduction regions, respectively, which would be expected to differ among the three ...
Role of Mu- and Delta-Opioid Receptors in the
... 2005). Briefly, animals self-administered cocaine (0.5 mg/kg in 0.1 ml over 5 s, time-out period 15 s) in daily 4 h sessions for 5–6 days/week until a criteria of 3 consecutive days of o10% variance in mean cocaine intake was reached (B3 weeks). During the 5s injection, a cue light above the lever w ...
... 2005). Briefly, animals self-administered cocaine (0.5 mg/kg in 0.1 ml over 5 s, time-out period 15 s) in daily 4 h sessions for 5–6 days/week until a criteria of 3 consecutive days of o10% variance in mean cocaine intake was reached (B3 weeks). During the 5s injection, a cue light above the lever w ...
pharmacological manipulation of cb1 receptor
... Abstract — Aims: The current study investigated the efficacy of CB1 receptor-targeted drugs on the development and expression of tolerance to alcohol (EtOH). Methods: An EtOH-inhalation model was used to induce tolerance, as measured by EtOH-induced sedation and hypothermia after a 24 h withdrawal p ...
... Abstract — Aims: The current study investigated the efficacy of CB1 receptor-targeted drugs on the development and expression of tolerance to alcohol (EtOH). Methods: An EtOH-inhalation model was used to induce tolerance, as measured by EtOH-induced sedation and hypothermia after a 24 h withdrawal p ...
Elicited hippocampal theta rhythm: a screen for anxiolytic and
... and will argue that their action on the ascending systems that elicit and control theta makes a significant contribution to their behavioural and clinical profile. From this, we suggest that reticular-elicited theta can be used to detect both anxiolytic and, perhaps also, procognitive drugs. The hip ...
... and will argue that their action on the ascending systems that elicit and control theta makes a significant contribution to their behavioural and clinical profile. From this, we suggest that reticular-elicited theta can be used to detect both anxiolytic and, perhaps also, procognitive drugs. The hip ...
Neuropharmacology of N,N-dimethyltryptamine
... a b s t r a c t N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is an indole alkaloid widely found in plants and animals. It is best known for producing brief and intense psychedelic effects when ingested. Increasing evidence suggests that endogenous DMT plays important roles for a number of processes in the periphery ...
... a b s t r a c t N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is an indole alkaloid widely found in plants and animals. It is best known for producing brief and intense psychedelic effects when ingested. Increasing evidence suggests that endogenous DMT plays important roles for a number of processes in the periphery ...
Glucagon Receptor Agonists and Antagonists
... mRNA levels in the retina increase with plus lens wear.6 Conversely, the absence of immediate early gene production during form deprivation or negative lens wear implies minimal release of peptides from glucagon amacrine cells and suggests that the lack of glucagon is responsible for the development ...
... mRNA levels in the retina increase with plus lens wear.6 Conversely, the absence of immediate early gene production during form deprivation or negative lens wear implies minimal release of peptides from glucagon amacrine cells and suggests that the lack of glucagon is responsible for the development ...
Two different but converging messenger pathways to intracellular
... intracellular Ca2+ release is mediated via inositol 1,4,5trisphosphate (IP3) generation and activation of IP3 receptors in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (Berridge, 1997). However, in pancreatic acinar cells, acetylcholine (ACh) and cholecystokinin (CCK) can induce speci®c cytosolic Ca2+ signatures. ...
... intracellular Ca2+ release is mediated via inositol 1,4,5trisphosphate (IP3) generation and activation of IP3 receptors in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (Berridge, 1997). However, in pancreatic acinar cells, acetylcholine (ACh) and cholecystokinin (CCK) can induce speci®c cytosolic Ca2+ signatures. ...
The role of the natriuretic peptides in the cardiovascular system
... membrane and have intracellular kinase and guanylate cyclase catalytic domains, and are thus involved in the cGMP-dependent signaling cascade. The ANP-C receptor lacks an intracellular domain. ANP and BNP both bind the ANP-A receptor with ANP to a higher preference than BNP. A BNP selective receptor ...
... membrane and have intracellular kinase and guanylate cyclase catalytic domains, and are thus involved in the cGMP-dependent signaling cascade. The ANP-C receptor lacks an intracellular domain. ANP and BNP both bind the ANP-A receptor with ANP to a higher preference than BNP. A BNP selective receptor ...
Corticotropin-Releasing Factor: Physiology, Pharmacology, And
... addition, the known members of this neuropeptide receptor family also belong to the superfamily of G-protein coupled receptors; thus far, all have been shown to stimulate adenylate cyclase in response to their respective agonist activation. The CRF1 receptor was cloned first from a human Cushing’s c ...
... addition, the known members of this neuropeptide receptor family also belong to the superfamily of G-protein coupled receptors; thus far, all have been shown to stimulate adenylate cyclase in response to their respective agonist activation. The CRF1 receptor was cloned first from a human Cushing’s c ...
Cell lysate and SR-enriched membrane fraction (SR - HAL
... current amplitude were observed (Fig.4C). Measurements from holding potentials –35 to +35 mV showed that current-voltage relationships had similar conductance of 639, 632 and 640 pS (for Fig.4A, B and C, respectively). These results suggested that all recorded channel activity corresponded to RyRs, ...
... current amplitude were observed (Fig.4C). Measurements from holding potentials –35 to +35 mV showed that current-voltage relationships had similar conductance of 639, 632 and 640 pS (for Fig.4A, B and C, respectively). These results suggested that all recorded channel activity corresponded to RyRs, ...
PDF
... Netrin 1 (Ntn1) is a secreted molecule of the laminin superfamily (Ishii et al., 1992) that is best known for its role in axon guidance (Serafini et al., 1996), with additional roles in adhesion (Srinivasan et al., 2003; Yebra et al., 2003), angiogenesis (Lu et al., 2004) and survival (Mazelin et al ...
... Netrin 1 (Ntn1) is a secreted molecule of the laminin superfamily (Ishii et al., 1992) that is best known for its role in axon guidance (Serafini et al., 1996), with additional roles in adhesion (Srinivasan et al., 2003; Yebra et al., 2003), angiogenesis (Lu et al., 2004) and survival (Mazelin et al ...
Program
and
Abstracts
from
the
Fifth
Annual
Canadian
Neuroscience
Meeting
May
29
–
June
1
2011
Quebec
City
Convention
Center
... Abstract: "Glycine and GABA are depolarizing during early development but the purpose is unclear. Altering depolarizing glycine signaling from the beginning of development in zebrafish embryos by over‐expressing the potassium‐chloride co‐transporter type‐2 (KCC2) to reverse the chloride gradient ...
... Abstract: "Glycine and GABA are depolarizing during early development but the purpose is unclear. Altering depolarizing glycine signaling from the beginning of development in zebrafish embryos by over‐expressing the potassium‐chloride co‐transporter type‐2 (KCC2) to reverse the chloride gradient ...
An Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry
... Drugs are grouped depending on the biological effect they have, e.g. analgesics, antipsychotics, antihypertensives, antiasthmatics, antibiotics, etc. This is useful if one wishes to know the full scope of drugs available for a certain ailment. However, it should be emphasized that such groupings con ...
... Drugs are grouped depending on the biological effect they have, e.g. analgesics, antipsychotics, antihypertensives, antiasthmatics, antibiotics, etc. This is useful if one wishes to know the full scope of drugs available for a certain ailment. However, it should be emphasized that such groupings con ...
RXR Ligands Negatively Regulate Thrombosis and Hemostasis
... functions to block the DNA-binding ability of the RXR receptor, it is possible that alteration of the DNA-binding region is not involved in the nongenomic functions of this receptor, whereas other conformational changes that occur after ligand interaction with the binding pocket may be involved. The ...
... functions to block the DNA-binding ability of the RXR receptor, it is possible that alteration of the DNA-binding region is not involved in the nongenomic functions of this receptor, whereas other conformational changes that occur after ligand interaction with the binding pocket may be involved. The ...
- Journal of Vestibular Research
... D Abstract- This theoretical paper describes the "intrinsic mechanism hypothesis," a new hypothesis of vestibular compensation, the behavioral recovery that follows unilateral deafferentation of the vestibular labyrinth (UVD). The most salient characteristic of vestibular compensation is the decreas ...
... D Abstract- This theoretical paper describes the "intrinsic mechanism hypothesis," a new hypothesis of vestibular compensation, the behavioral recovery that follows unilateral deafferentation of the vestibular labyrinth (UVD). The most salient characteristic of vestibular compensation is the decreas ...
... (ca.) dimensions of the receptor are marked in Angstroms (Å) by thin, double-headed arrows. Loops connecting the individual helices have been omitted for clarity. The diagram is not to scale and is adapted from [24, 29]. a) (Side-view) shows a cut-away view of the seven transmembrane alpha-helices o ...
Pain
... The process of stimulus transduction involves the opening or closing of ion channels on a specialized plasma membrane. The size of the receptor potential, just like the synaptic potential is graded and is determined by: ...
... The process of stimulus transduction involves the opening or closing of ion channels on a specialized plasma membrane. The size of the receptor potential, just like the synaptic potential is graded and is determined by: ...
NMDA receptor
The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (also known as the NMDA receptor or NMDAR), is a glutamate receptor and ion channel protein found in nerve cells. It is activated when glutamate and glycine (or D-serine) bind to it, and when activated it allows positively charged ions to flow through the cell membrane. The NMDA receptor is very important for controlling synaptic plasticity and memory function.The NMDAR is a specific type of ionotropic glutamate receptor. The NMDA receptor is named this because the agonist molecule N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) binds selectively to it, and not to other glutamate receptors. Activation of NMDA receptors results in the opening of an ion channel that is nonselective to cations with a reversal potential near 0 mV. A property of the NMDA receptor is its voltage-dependent activation, a result of ion channel block by extracellular Mg2+ & Zn2+ ions. This allows the flow of Na+ and small amounts of Ca2+ ions into the cell and K+ out of the cell to be voltage-dependent.Calcium flux through NMDARs is thought to be critical in synaptic plasticity, a cellular mechanism for learning and memory. The NMDA receptor is distinct in two ways: first, it is both ligand-gated and voltage-dependent; second, it requires co-activation by two ligands: glutamate and either D-serine or glycine.The activity of the NMDA receptor is affected by many psychoactive drugs such as phencyclidine (PCP), alcohol (ethanol) and dextromethorphan (DXM). The anaesthetic effects of the drugs ketamine and nitrous oxide are partially because of their effects on NMDA receptor activity.