AP Biology Summer Session Lecture 6
... In the absence of O2 - Lactic Acid Fermentation Pyruvate is reduced directly by ...
... In the absence of O2 - Lactic Acid Fermentation Pyruvate is reduced directly by ...
AP Respiration Test Review
... 3. What is the term for the metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules? 4. What is the term for the metabolic pathways that use store energy to build macromoleulces? 5. What is the primary role of the ADP-ATP cycle? 6. What is the difference between reduction an ...
... 3. What is the term for the metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules? 4. What is the term for the metabolic pathways that use store energy to build macromoleulces? 5. What is the primary role of the ADP-ATP cycle? 6. What is the difference between reduction an ...
Cell Respiration II: Fermentation reactions
... unavailable or low in the environment, ATP production still needs to occur for life to continue. Fermentation reactions allow ATP to be produced and pyruvate (or its derivative) becomes the terminal electron acceptor freeing NAD coenzyme to recycle back to oxidizing (breaking down) food molecules ...
... unavailable or low in the environment, ATP production still needs to occur for life to continue. Fermentation reactions allow ATP to be produced and pyruvate (or its derivative) becomes the terminal electron acceptor freeing NAD coenzyme to recycle back to oxidizing (breaking down) food molecules ...
UNIT-1 Carbohydrates
... Cellulose is a polymer of glucose - used for storage. It is found in plants. We cannot digest cellulose! ...
... Cellulose is a polymer of glucose - used for storage. It is found in plants. We cannot digest cellulose! ...
Cellular Respiration
... C. Electron Transport Chain – uses the high energy electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi; 1. What two molecules donate electrons? 2. How are H+ transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane? ...
... C. Electron Transport Chain – uses the high energy electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi; 1. What two molecules donate electrons? 2. How are H+ transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane? ...
lec27_2013 - Andrew.cmu.edu
... [hexokinase] OH OHOH compounds for energy production. ADP Glucose-6-P [isomerase] Anabolism [synthetic] – conversion of a small number of Fructose-6-P ATP [phosphofructokinase] simple compounds to complex organic molecules. ...
... [hexokinase] OH OHOH compounds for energy production. ADP Glucose-6-P [isomerase] Anabolism [synthetic] – conversion of a small number of Fructose-6-P ATP [phosphofructokinase] simple compounds to complex organic molecules. ...
Practice Questions
... • The direct energy source that drives ATP synthesis during respiratory oxidative phosphorylation is • A)oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water. • B)the thermodynamically favorable flow of electrons from NADH to the mitochondrial electron transport carriers. • C)the final transfer of electrons to ox ...
... • The direct energy source that drives ATP synthesis during respiratory oxidative phosphorylation is • A)oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water. • B)the thermodynamically favorable flow of electrons from NADH to the mitochondrial electron transport carriers. • C)the final transfer of electrons to ox ...
File - Martin Ray Arcibal
... Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is one of the most important chemicals in an organism. Its structure allows it to become the most important source of energy. ATP is made up of a nitrogenous base (adenine), a sugar ribose, and three phosphate groups. To release energy needed by the body, it is necessary ...
... Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is one of the most important chemicals in an organism. Its structure allows it to become the most important source of energy. ATP is made up of a nitrogenous base (adenine), a sugar ribose, and three phosphate groups. To release energy needed by the body, it is necessary ...
3 Energy Pathways
... Final stages of aerobic respiration… • Here glucose is downgraded to release hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The CO2 is eliminated via the lungs. • The hydrogen given off at krebs cycle is brought by hydrogen carriers NAD & FAD to the cristae of the mitochondrion. Here it is split into hydrogen ions ( ...
... Final stages of aerobic respiration… • Here glucose is downgraded to release hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The CO2 is eliminated via the lungs. • The hydrogen given off at krebs cycle is brought by hydrogen carriers NAD & FAD to the cristae of the mitochondrion. Here it is split into hydrogen ions ( ...
ETC Details
... • How cells take molecules from food and turn them into molecules for growth and repair • Aka Metabolic Pool • Intermediaries of all cycles can be removed and used to build molecules! • Ex. pyruvate glucose • Acetyl CoA fatty acids ...
... • How cells take molecules from food and turn them into molecules for growth and repair • Aka Metabolic Pool • Intermediaries of all cycles can be removed and used to build molecules! • Ex. pyruvate glucose • Acetyl CoA fatty acids ...
Unit_5_Topic_7_Run_for_your_life_Revision_Questions
... 1. the structure of a muscle fibre 2. the way in which muscles, tendons, the skeleton and ligaments interact to enable movement, including antagonistic muscle pairs, extensors and flexors. 3. the overall reaction of aerobic respiration as splitting of the respiratory substrate (eg glucose) to releas ...
... 1. the structure of a muscle fibre 2. the way in which muscles, tendons, the skeleton and ligaments interact to enable movement, including antagonistic muscle pairs, extensors and flexors. 3. the overall reaction of aerobic respiration as splitting of the respiratory substrate (eg glucose) to releas ...
CHAPTER OUTLINE
... Advantages and Disadvantages of Fermentation Fermentation is essential to humans despite its low yield of only two ATP. However, lactate is toxic to cells. Energy Yield of Fermentation Fermentation produces only two ATP by substrate-level ATP synthesis. 7.4 Inside the Mitochondria Preparatory Reacti ...
... Advantages and Disadvantages of Fermentation Fermentation is essential to humans despite its low yield of only two ATP. However, lactate is toxic to cells. Energy Yield of Fermentation Fermentation produces only two ATP by substrate-level ATP synthesis. 7.4 Inside the Mitochondria Preparatory Reacti ...
Cellular Respiration Scrambled Steps
... Two things can happen: If oxygen is present, pyruvic acid enters the mitochondria to enter the Kreb’s Cycle. As H+ ions pass back across the mitochondrial membrane through ATP Synthase, molecules of ATP are made. From the Kreb’s cycle, NADH and FADHS enter the electron transport chain. The products ...
... Two things can happen: If oxygen is present, pyruvic acid enters the mitochondria to enter the Kreb’s Cycle. As H+ ions pass back across the mitochondrial membrane through ATP Synthase, molecules of ATP are made. From the Kreb’s cycle, NADH and FADHS enter the electron transport chain. The products ...
Section 4.1 Notes- ATP
... wallet takes "work" so does adding a phosphate group to an ADP molecule. ...
... wallet takes "work" so does adding a phosphate group to an ADP molecule. ...
Chapter 7 Review Name: Date: Question Answer Process that
... converted to this which enters the Krebs cycle 11. Besides acetyl CoA, NADH and ____________ are produced in the intermediate step 12. The Krebs cycle produces two electron carriers: _____ & ______ 13. A by-product of the Krebs cycle is ________ 14. For each acetyl CoA that enters the Krebs cycle, _ ...
... converted to this which enters the Krebs cycle 11. Besides acetyl CoA, NADH and ____________ are produced in the intermediate step 12. The Krebs cycle produces two electron carriers: _____ & ______ 13. A by-product of the Krebs cycle is ________ 14. For each acetyl CoA that enters the Krebs cycle, _ ...
BIO 219 Spring 2013 Outline for “Cell Metabolism” Energy (ATP
... Where do we get it? Why do we need it? Types of cell metabolism Anaerobic vs. Aerobic respiration Glucose metabolism 4 steps of cellular respiration (aerobic) Glycolysis (cytoplasm) Energy investment phase & energy-yielding phase Net yield Pyruvate metabolism (mitochondria) Pyruvic acid → Acetyl CoA ...
... Where do we get it? Why do we need it? Types of cell metabolism Anaerobic vs. Aerobic respiration Glucose metabolism 4 steps of cellular respiration (aerobic) Glycolysis (cytoplasm) Energy investment phase & energy-yielding phase Net yield Pyruvate metabolism (mitochondria) Pyruvic acid → Acetyl CoA ...
P-glycoprotein Activation Monitored via ATP Hydrolysis and ATP
... evaluated with a model taking into account activation with one, and inhibition with two molecules bound to P-glycoprotein (1, 2). The experiments revealed that the concentrations of half-maximum P-glycoprotein activation, K1, were identical in insideout plasma membrane vesicles and in living cells a ...
... evaluated with a model taking into account activation with one, and inhibition with two molecules bound to P-glycoprotein (1, 2). The experiments revealed that the concentrations of half-maximum P-glycoprotein activation, K1, were identical in insideout plasma membrane vesicles and in living cells a ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
... • Oxidative Phosphorylation: electron transport chain and chemiosmosis • e- trasport chain embedded in INNER mito ...
... • Oxidative Phosphorylation: electron transport chain and chemiosmosis • e- trasport chain embedded in INNER mito ...
CH 9 Study Guide
... 1. Define the following words: ADP, ATP, cellular respiration, electron transport chain, photosynthesis, pigment ADP: Adenosine Diphosphate (two phosphate groups)—an energy molecule ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate (three phosphate groups)—an energy molecule Cellular Respiration: process by which cells b ...
... 1. Define the following words: ADP, ATP, cellular respiration, electron transport chain, photosynthesis, pigment ADP: Adenosine Diphosphate (two phosphate groups)—an energy molecule ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate (three phosphate groups)—an energy molecule Cellular Respiration: process by which cells b ...
C9. Metal ions in biological systems
... • A nucleotide (ribose sugar, adenine base and three phosphate groups) • Energy currency of the cell, providing the energy for most of the energy-consuming activities • It regulates many biochemical pathways ...
... • A nucleotide (ribose sugar, adenine base and three phosphate groups) • Energy currency of the cell, providing the energy for most of the energy-consuming activities • It regulates many biochemical pathways ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.