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Tissue specific HPV expression and downregulation of local
... by RT-PCR in biopsies of penile and perianal condylomas. Linear regression was done using SIGMASTAT statistical software. (B) HPV E7 mRNA levels were also compared with Langerhans cell (CD1a) mRNA content. ...
... by RT-PCR in biopsies of penile and perianal condylomas. Linear regression was done using SIGMASTAT statistical software. (B) HPV E7 mRNA levels were also compared with Langerhans cell (CD1a) mRNA content. ...
Neutrophils diminish T-cell immunity to foster gastric cancer
... to play important roles in the other pathological conditions, including cancer. In the past decade, many efforts have been made to clarify the roles of neutrophils in cancer development and progression. It appears that neutrophils have both antitumour and protumour functions.1 On one hand, neutrophi ...
... to play important roles in the other pathological conditions, including cancer. In the past decade, many efforts have been made to clarify the roles of neutrophils in cancer development and progression. It appears that neutrophils have both antitumour and protumour functions.1 On one hand, neutrophi ...
Regulatory T Helper Cells in Pregnancy and Tolerance Linköping University Post Print
... development of organ-specific autoimmune diseases such as gastritis, oophoritis and thyroiditis. Notably, inflammatory disease was prevented by co-transfer of CD4+CD25+ cells. Subsequently it was shown that these cells migrate from thymus as a distinct cell subset32. In humans, the cell type corresp ...
... development of organ-specific autoimmune diseases such as gastritis, oophoritis and thyroiditis. Notably, inflammatory disease was prevented by co-transfer of CD4+CD25+ cells. Subsequently it was shown that these cells migrate from thymus as a distinct cell subset32. In humans, the cell type corresp ...
In Vitro Generation of Interleukin 10–producing - Direct-MS
... dendritic cell (DC)* maturation (12–14) can inhibit both Th1 and Th2 type responses, suggesting an important negative feedback role for this cytokine (15, 16). In addition, a number of studies suggest that IL-10–producing T cells may be induced in the absence of Th1 and Th2 responses and are involve ...
... dendritic cell (DC)* maturation (12–14) can inhibit both Th1 and Th2 type responses, suggesting an important negative feedback role for this cytokine (15, 16). In addition, a number of studies suggest that IL-10–producing T cells may be induced in the absence of Th1 and Th2 responses and are involve ...
Human complement control and complement evasion by pathogenic
... Complement is a central homeotic system of mammals and represents the first defense line of innate immunity. The human complement system is aimed to maintain homeostasis by recognizing and removing damaged or modified self material, as well as infectious foreign microbes. However, pathogenic microbe ...
... Complement is a central homeotic system of mammals and represents the first defense line of innate immunity. The human complement system is aimed to maintain homeostasis by recognizing and removing damaged or modified self material, as well as infectious foreign microbes. However, pathogenic microbe ...
PDF
... Although such experimental studies have improved our understanding of temporary immunity and viral interference, the underlying mechanisms of how a virus is controlled and cleared by the immune system are still not fully understood. In particular, the re-exposure experimental data revealed a number ...
... Although such experimental studies have improved our understanding of temporary immunity and viral interference, the underlying mechanisms of how a virus is controlled and cleared by the immune system are still not fully understood. In particular, the re-exposure experimental data revealed a number ...
Analysis of the functional roles of Mammary Serum Amyloid A3 protein
... bacterial expression system. This was important, as difficulty in protein purification from natural sources is a clear bottleneck for functional studies. Two M‐SAA3 isoforms were obtained, but only one succeeded in the recombinant expression. Interestingly, the ma ...
... bacterial expression system. This was important, as difficulty in protein purification from natural sources is a clear bottleneck for functional studies. Two M‐SAA3 isoforms were obtained, but only one succeeded in the recombinant expression. Interestingly, the ma ...
O Seu Incrível Sistema Imune
... você querer aprender mais sobre o assunto. Tomoko Ishikawa generosamente ilustrou o livro. O livro inteiro foi criado através da dedicação e entusiasmo do Dr Yousuke Takahama, colaborando com membros do ...
... você querer aprender mais sobre o assunto. Tomoko Ishikawa generosamente ilustrou o livro. O livro inteiro foi criado através da dedicação e entusiasmo do Dr Yousuke Takahama, colaborando com membros do ...
Phagocytes may counteract the “open window” situation during a
... Changes in the blood number of peripheral lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes at different times (basal, at 7 min, and immediately after exercise) during moderate exercise (55% VO2 max; 60 min) performed by sedentary men were investigated. These variations were also evaluated during a recovery p ...
... Changes in the blood number of peripheral lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes at different times (basal, at 7 min, and immediately after exercise) during moderate exercise (55% VO2 max; 60 min) performed by sedentary men were investigated. These variations were also evaluated during a recovery p ...
Examples of Supervisors and Research Projects (Wellcome)
... Adipose and pancreatic inflammatory signals as a major cause of insulin resistance The role of complement C1q in angiogenesis - implications for tissue regeneration The role of lineage negative innate lymphoid cells in paediatric asthma Hypothalamic inflammation in the control of metabolic function ...
... Adipose and pancreatic inflammatory signals as a major cause of insulin resistance The role of complement C1q in angiogenesis - implications for tissue regeneration The role of lineage negative innate lymphoid cells in paediatric asthma Hypothalamic inflammation in the control of metabolic function ...
Final Program Florence, Italy October 9-12, 2011 9th JOINT MEETING
... M. Tommasino, Z.A. Percario, E. Affabris, G. Fiorucci and G. Romeo Italy ...
... M. Tommasino, Z.A. Percario, E. Affabris, G. Fiorucci and G. Romeo Italy ...
Microbiota-mediated colonization resistance against intestinal
... example, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2)‑dependent responses to bacterial peptidoglycan fragments enhance the expression of antimicrobial cryptdin peptides by Paneth cells of the intestinal epithelium117. Commensal bacteria also induce Paneth and epithelial cells to express regene ...
... example, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2)‑dependent responses to bacterial peptidoglycan fragments enhance the expression of antimicrobial cryptdin peptides by Paneth cells of the intestinal epithelium117. Commensal bacteria also induce Paneth and epithelial cells to express regene ...
Moderate alcohol consumption and the immune system: A review
... between moderate alcohol intake and cardiovascular risk morbidity and mortality. Regarding the immune system, researchers have long discussed how alcoholic beverages can affect host defence. Alcohol can directly suppress various immune responses, and clinical studies have found alcohol abuse to be a ...
... between moderate alcohol intake and cardiovascular risk morbidity and mortality. Regarding the immune system, researchers have long discussed how alcoholic beverages can affect host defence. Alcohol can directly suppress various immune responses, and clinical studies have found alcohol abuse to be a ...
Cell-Extrinsic Immune - The Journal of Immunology
... that CTLA-4 worked via a “negative signal” was called into question when bone marrow chimeras, containing both wildtype and CTLA-42/2 cells, were shown to have normal immune systems with no T cell hyperactivation (9). Analysis of such chimeras following infection showed that CTLA-42/2 T cells prolif ...
... that CTLA-4 worked via a “negative signal” was called into question when bone marrow chimeras, containing both wildtype and CTLA-42/2 cells, were shown to have normal immune systems with no T cell hyperactivation (9). Analysis of such chimeras following infection showed that CTLA-42/2 T cells prolif ...
Recent advances in IL
... known to be expressed in many chronic inflammatory conditions, including psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis, and its up-regulation often correlates with disease activity. IL-22 is known to be protective in the gastrointestinal tract in inflammatory bowel disease but may mediate either harmful or hel ...
... known to be expressed in many chronic inflammatory conditions, including psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis, and its up-regulation often correlates with disease activity. IL-22 is known to be protective in the gastrointestinal tract in inflammatory bowel disease but may mediate either harmful or hel ...
Review
... effector subset involved in the induction of inflammation and autoimmunity [58, 59]. During the past 2 years, multiple reports indicate a link between TRegs and Th17 cells. It has been demonstrated that, in vitro and in vivo, activation of T cells in the presence of TGF-b results in the generation o ...
... effector subset involved in the induction of inflammation and autoimmunity [58, 59]. During the past 2 years, multiple reports indicate a link between TRegs and Th17 cells. It has been demonstrated that, in vitro and in vivo, activation of T cells in the presence of TGF-b results in the generation o ...
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
... maintaining immunological homeostasis. In some cases, however, self-reactive immune responses become profoundly dysregulated, and injurious or even life-threatening to the host. Autoimmune responses often develop as a secondary consequence of adaptive immune host defenses that were initially, and ap ...
... maintaining immunological homeostasis. In some cases, however, self-reactive immune responses become profoundly dysregulated, and injurious or even life-threatening to the host. Autoimmune responses often develop as a secondary consequence of adaptive immune host defenses that were initially, and ap ...
Cytokine responses in human Lyme borreliosis
... tumor-like nodule on the earlobe or the nipple which can arise close to a previous or concurrent EM (Stanek et al. 2003). Lymphocytoma is more frequently seen in children than adults (Stanek et al. 1996). ...
... tumor-like nodule on the earlobe or the nipple which can arise close to a previous or concurrent EM (Stanek et al. 2003). Lymphocytoma is more frequently seen in children than adults (Stanek et al. 1996). ...
How might infant and paediatric immune responses influence
... to be determined if transcriptional control of activated B-cell differentiation and survival is influenced by age or malaria infections. Nonetheless, the notion of short- as opposed to long-lived antibody secreting cells that serve different functions and are preferentially induced early in childhoo ...
... to be determined if transcriptional control of activated B-cell differentiation and survival is influenced by age or malaria infections. Nonetheless, the notion of short- as opposed to long-lived antibody secreting cells that serve different functions and are preferentially induced early in childhoo ...
Immune system
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Neutrophil_with_anthrax_copy.jpg?width=300)
The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.