Lee_washington_0250E_11503
... utilizes a set of pathogen-resistance mechanisms that are not specific to a particular microbe. The innate immune system is comprised of physical and anatomic barriers such as skin and mucus, phagocytic cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells and neutrophils, and antimicrobial and inflammatory co ...
... utilizes a set of pathogen-resistance mechanisms that are not specific to a particular microbe. The innate immune system is comprised of physical and anatomic barriers such as skin and mucus, phagocytic cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells and neutrophils, and antimicrobial and inflammatory co ...
Distinct NKT Cell Subsets Are Induced by Different Chlamydia
... TCR. These cells have been identified as a novel lymphocyte population that acts in innate immune responses. Unlike conventional T lymphocytes, NKT recognize glyco- and phospholipids, rather than peptide Ags, presented by the nonclassical MHC class I molecule CD1 (1). The striking feature of NKT cel ...
... TCR. These cells have been identified as a novel lymphocyte population that acts in innate immune responses. Unlike conventional T lymphocytes, NKT recognize glyco- and phospholipids, rather than peptide Ags, presented by the nonclassical MHC class I molecule CD1 (1). The striking feature of NKT cel ...
Hypertensive anterior uveitis
... the virus is carried out of the bone marrow in circulating monocytes and subsequently in tissue macrophages and dendritic cells throughout the body. ...
... the virus is carried out of the bone marrow in circulating monocytes and subsequently in tissue macrophages and dendritic cells throughout the body. ...
Characterisation of the immune response after - diss.fu
... already used by vertebrates, are applied. Supporting the given physical and chemical barriers, like epithelial borders or the tissue pH-value, mainly cellular mediated mechanisms are involved. Important components are, besides phagocytosis by macrophages and granulocytes, the secretion of cytotoxic ...
... already used by vertebrates, are applied. Supporting the given physical and chemical barriers, like epithelial borders or the tissue pH-value, mainly cellular mediated mechanisms are involved. Important components are, besides phagocytosis by macrophages and granulocytes, the secretion of cytotoxic ...
B Cells
... humoral immune response and the cellmediated immune response • Humoral immune response involves activation and clonal selection of B cells, resulting in production of secreted antibodies • Cell-mediated immune response involves activation and clonal selection of cytotoxic T cells • Helper T cells ai ...
... humoral immune response and the cellmediated immune response • Humoral immune response involves activation and clonal selection of B cells, resulting in production of secreted antibodies • Cell-mediated immune response involves activation and clonal selection of cytotoxic T cells • Helper T cells ai ...
The Very Young Patient - Advances in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
... Schreiber et al Semin Immunology 2009 ...
... Schreiber et al Semin Immunology 2009 ...
Novel technologies and emerging biomarkers for personalized
... T cell infiltration in certain human tumors is associated with an improved clinical outcome [9, 10]. The accumulating evidence suggests that tumors can be classified into two groups: Immunologically-ignorant tumors and immunologically-responsive tumors (or noninflamed tumors vs T cell-inflamed tumor ...
... T cell infiltration in certain human tumors is associated with an improved clinical outcome [9, 10]. The accumulating evidence suggests that tumors can be classified into two groups: Immunologically-ignorant tumors and immunologically-responsive tumors (or noninflamed tumors vs T cell-inflamed tumor ...
Vaccines
... • A live or inactivated substance capable of producing an immune response Single constituent,e.g.,, polysaccharide or tetanus, ...
... • A live or inactivated substance capable of producing an immune response Single constituent,e.g.,, polysaccharide or tetanus, ...
Role of complement in health and disease
... • Lectins are proteins that bind to specific carbohydrate targets. • Lectin activating complement binds to mannose residues; present on surface of various bacterial cells, fungi and viruses, so also called as MBL (mannan‐binding lectin pathway) • Human cells have sialic acid residues covering su ...
... • Lectins are proteins that bind to specific carbohydrate targets. • Lectin activating complement binds to mannose residues; present on surface of various bacterial cells, fungi and viruses, so also called as MBL (mannan‐binding lectin pathway) • Human cells have sialic acid residues covering su ...
Inflammasomes Reassessing the Evolutionary Importance of
... Vertebrate-adapted pathogens have evolved in the context of selective pressure exerted by the host immune system and have accordingly potent virulence traits. In contrast, for opportunistic pathogens for which humans are dead-end accidental hosts, there is no selective pressure to evade the human im ...
... Vertebrate-adapted pathogens have evolved in the context of selective pressure exerted by the host immune system and have accordingly potent virulence traits. In contrast, for opportunistic pathogens for which humans are dead-end accidental hosts, there is no selective pressure to evade the human im ...
Complement and its role in innate and adaptive immune
... determinations of key C3 convertase components. Due to the size of C3, determination of its complete structure remained elusive for many years. Solving the structures of the smaller cleavage products of C3, including C3a and C3d (discussed below), eventually culminated in the structural determinatio ...
... determinations of key C3 convertase components. Due to the size of C3, determination of its complete structure remained elusive for many years. Solving the structures of the smaller cleavage products of C3, including C3a and C3d (discussed below), eventually culminated in the structural determinatio ...
Skeletal System
... The cycling of lymphocytes between the circulatory vessels, lymphoid tissues, and loose connective tissues of the body ensures that lymphocytes reach infected or damaged sites quickly ...
... The cycling of lymphocytes between the circulatory vessels, lymphoid tissues, and loose connective tissues of the body ensures that lymphocytes reach infected or damaged sites quickly ...
pdf version - California Dairy Research Foundation
... infant’s immune system, and it is well known that it contains biologically active proteins such as lysozyme, lactoferrin, and antibodies, as well as pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. But the magnitude of ingredients that play a role in wound healing was only recently elucidated [3]. Performing a ...
... infant’s immune system, and it is well known that it contains biologically active proteins such as lysozyme, lactoferrin, and antibodies, as well as pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. But the magnitude of ingredients that play a role in wound healing was only recently elucidated [3]. Performing a ...
Composition and Modulation Puppies -
... Puppy survival within the early weeks is particularly dependent on colostrum, a specific secretion of the mammary gland produced during the first two days post-partum. Colostrum is source of nutrients and immunoglobulins (crucial, as puppies are almost agammaglobulinemic at birth). It also contribut ...
... Puppy survival within the early weeks is particularly dependent on colostrum, a specific secretion of the mammary gland produced during the first two days post-partum. Colostrum is source of nutrients and immunoglobulins (crucial, as puppies are almost agammaglobulinemic at birth). It also contribut ...
Protective Anti-Helicobacter Immunity Is Induced with Aluminum
... ELISPOT assay. Single-cell suspensions were prepared from the spleen, and 1 ⫻ 10 6 cells were plated per well in serum-free HL1 medium (BioWhittaker) supplemented with L-glutamine at 1 mM, with or without Helicobacter antigens added, at a final concentration of 5 mg/mL. These cultures were added to ...
... ELISPOT assay. Single-cell suspensions were prepared from the spleen, and 1 ⫻ 10 6 cells were plated per well in serum-free HL1 medium (BioWhittaker) supplemented with L-glutamine at 1 mM, with or without Helicobacter antigens added, at a final concentration of 5 mg/mL. These cultures were added to ...
Macrophage programming and host responses to bacterial infection Xiao Wang 王潇
... Bacteria, as the dominant life form on Earth, inhabit every ecological niche including the human body [1]. Although most bacteria are harmless or beneficial commensals co-evolving with the host, some are pathogenic [2]. Mammalian innate immunity mediated by phagocytes such as neutrophils, macrophage ...
... Bacteria, as the dominant life form on Earth, inhabit every ecological niche including the human body [1]. Although most bacteria are harmless or beneficial commensals co-evolving with the host, some are pathogenic [2]. Mammalian innate immunity mediated by phagocytes such as neutrophils, macrophage ...
Doctoral thesis from the Department of Immunology, the Wenner-Gren Institute,... University, Stockholm, Sweden
... In most infected individuals, who do not develop active TB, a delicate balance is established between the host immune response and the M. tuberculosis virulence, which is termed ‘granuloma formation’ (14, 15). The structure of granulomas is a cluster of M. tuberculosis living inside macrophages surr ...
... In most infected individuals, who do not develop active TB, a delicate balance is established between the host immune response and the M. tuberculosis virulence, which is termed ‘granuloma formation’ (14, 15). The structure of granulomas is a cluster of M. tuberculosis living inside macrophages surr ...
A Novel Size-Based Sorting Mechanism of Pinocytic Luminal
... pinocytosis, and that reactive microglia are capable to present antigens to T cells and initiate immune responses. However, how microglia process the endocytosed contents and evoke an immune response remain unclear. Here we report that a size-dependent selective transport of small soluble contents f ...
... pinocytosis, and that reactive microglia are capable to present antigens to T cells and initiate immune responses. However, how microglia process the endocytosed contents and evoke an immune response remain unclear. Here we report that a size-dependent selective transport of small soluble contents f ...
Regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses by
... including lipoproteins, LTA, peptidoglycan and certain types of LPS. It is clear that lipoproteins from both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms are recognised by this receptor (32, 33), but lipoproteins contaminating LTA and PG preparations may be responsible for the stimulatory effects of th ...
... including lipoproteins, LTA, peptidoglycan and certain types of LPS. It is clear that lipoproteins from both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms are recognised by this receptor (32, 33), but lipoproteins contaminating LTA and PG preparations may be responsible for the stimulatory effects of th ...
Predicting pathogen-specific CD8 T cell immune responses
... are based on live viruses and stay contraindicated for some people [19, 20, 21]. Moreover vaccinia virus could also be used as a platform for the design of vaccines directed against other pathogens [4]. Listeria monocytogenes, a Gram-positive bacteria, causes disease mainly in immunocompromised huma ...
... are based on live viruses and stay contraindicated for some people [19, 20, 21]. Moreover vaccinia virus could also be used as a platform for the design of vaccines directed against other pathogens [4]. Listeria monocytogenes, a Gram-positive bacteria, causes disease mainly in immunocompromised huma ...
Understanding Autoimmune Disease – a review article for the layman
... overactive immune response to body material and tissues present in the body. This means that the body attacks its own cells. The immune system confuses a specific part of the body as a pathogen and attacks it. This could be restricted to specific organs (e.g. in autoimmune thyroiditis) or it could i ...
... overactive immune response to body material and tissues present in the body. This means that the body attacks its own cells. The immune system confuses a specific part of the body as a pathogen and attacks it. This could be restricted to specific organs (e.g. in autoimmune thyroiditis) or it could i ...
Immune system
The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.