THE PEARLS OF WISDOM - OSW
... cells, tissues and organs that work together to defend the body against attacks by “foreign” invaders When the immune system hits the wrong target or is crippled, it can unleash a torrent of diseases, including allergy, arthritis and ...
... cells, tissues and organs that work together to defend the body against attacks by “foreign” invaders When the immune system hits the wrong target or is crippled, it can unleash a torrent of diseases, including allergy, arthritis and ...
Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Cancer Therapy: New Insights and
... The existence of multiple non-redundant inhibitory pathways that limit T cell responses offers novel strategies for mobilizing the immune system to attack cancer cells. The best characterized of these immune checkpoints is CTLA-4, which inhibits T cell proliferation by interfering with the interacti ...
... The existence of multiple non-redundant inhibitory pathways that limit T cell responses offers novel strategies for mobilizing the immune system to attack cancer cells. The best characterized of these immune checkpoints is CTLA-4, which inhibits T cell proliferation by interfering with the interacti ...
Immune System Reading Notes Nonspecific Defenses and External
... Defends primarily against The antibodies ...
... Defends primarily against The antibodies ...
AHCC - Pulse Nutritional
... mushrooms, AHCC is uniquely rich in alphaglucans and has very low molecular weight of only 5,000 Daltons, giving it unmatched absorption and bioactivity. Research on AHCC has been conducted at world renown medical centers such as those affiliated with Yale, Harvard and MD Anderson. Several clinical ...
... mushrooms, AHCC is uniquely rich in alphaglucans and has very low molecular weight of only 5,000 Daltons, giving it unmatched absorption and bioactivity. Research on AHCC has been conducted at world renown medical centers such as those affiliated with Yale, Harvard and MD Anderson. Several clinical ...
Basics of Immunology
... body defend it self from infectious agents and other foreign substances in its environment . The immune system protect us from pathogens. It has the ability to discriminate (differentiate) between the normal and harmful cells. ...
... body defend it self from infectious agents and other foreign substances in its environment . The immune system protect us from pathogens. It has the ability to discriminate (differentiate) between the normal and harmful cells. ...
IMMUNE SYSTEM SPECIFIC DEFENSE
... INK 2 stimulates the production of more Helper T Cells and Cytotoxic T Cells Cytotoxic T Cell (killer T cell): kills infected body cells. ...
... INK 2 stimulates the production of more Helper T Cells and Cytotoxic T Cells Cytotoxic T Cell (killer T cell): kills infected body cells. ...
Edward Jenner, 1796 - University of California, Los Angeles
... MHC class I molecules present antigen derived from proteins in the cytosol ...
... MHC class I molecules present antigen derived from proteins in the cytosol ...
The Characterization of Myeloid Cell Subsets in Innate and Adaptive
... pathogen. Dendritic cells (DCs) play major role in activation of immune response by capturing, processing and presenting antigen to naïve T cell in lymphoid organs. DCs are important player in the protective immunity to Listeria monocytogenes, intracellular bacteria. Although studies on the roles of ...
... pathogen. Dendritic cells (DCs) play major role in activation of immune response by capturing, processing and presenting antigen to naïve T cell in lymphoid organs. DCs are important player in the protective immunity to Listeria monocytogenes, intracellular bacteria. Although studies on the roles of ...
sheet of notes
... Primary Immune Response – when lymphocytes are activated upon first exposure to antigen Secondary Immune Response - If the same antigen comes at a later time. Response is faster, greater magnitude, and more prolonged Lymphocyte development gives rise to an immune system that distinguishes self from ...
... Primary Immune Response – when lymphocytes are activated upon first exposure to antigen Secondary Immune Response - If the same antigen comes at a later time. Response is faster, greater magnitude, and more prolonged Lymphocyte development gives rise to an immune system that distinguishes self from ...
Chapter 40 review notes
... -diseases are spread either by person to person contact, contaminated water or food, or infected animals -STD’s dangerous pathogens spread by sexual contact -antibiotics kill bacteria without harming the cells of humans or animals 40-2 The Immune System -The body first line of defense is to keep pat ...
... -diseases are spread either by person to person contact, contaminated water or food, or infected animals -STD’s dangerous pathogens spread by sexual contact -antibiotics kill bacteria without harming the cells of humans or animals 40-2 The Immune System -The body first line of defense is to keep pat ...
No Slide Title
... • Phagocytes (macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells) – Engulf microbes or foreign particles – Release proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines • Complement • Inflammation (early) • Antigen processing and presentation ...
... • Phagocytes (macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells) – Engulf microbes or foreign particles – Release proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines • Complement • Inflammation (early) • Antigen processing and presentation ...
I. Student misconceptions
... gene rearrangement generates this diversity. Ask probing questions to encourage students to understand why such a complex mechanism has arisen. Why don’t vertebrates simply code for the necessary lymphocytes? Encourage students to think about why this system is economical and why natural selection h ...
... gene rearrangement generates this diversity. Ask probing questions to encourage students to understand why such a complex mechanism has arisen. Why don’t vertebrates simply code for the necessary lymphocytes? Encourage students to think about why this system is economical and why natural selection h ...
Fig 1.1
... cells responsible for innate immunity and lymphocytes responsible for specific immunity. The guardian cells of the innate immune system form the first line of defence against infection and can digest pathogens or vaccine particles and use these to activate lymphocytes. In addition they produce chemi ...
... cells responsible for innate immunity and lymphocytes responsible for specific immunity. The guardian cells of the innate immune system form the first line of defence against infection and can digest pathogens or vaccine particles and use these to activate lymphocytes. In addition they produce chemi ...
Figure 1.1 The human immune system All blood cells originally
... guardian cells responsible for innate immunity and lymphocytes responsible for specific immunity. The guardian cells of the innate immune system form the first line of defence against infection and can digest pathogens or vaccine particles and use these to activate lymphocytes. In addition they prod ...
... guardian cells responsible for innate immunity and lymphocytes responsible for specific immunity. The guardian cells of the innate immune system form the first line of defence against infection and can digest pathogens or vaccine particles and use these to activate lymphocytes. In addition they prod ...
MALFUNCTIONS of the IMMUNE SYSTEM
... system can cause two types of problems: – Immunodeficiency diseases – Inappropriate attacks of the immune system against nonthreatening agents (harmless cells) ...
... system can cause two types of problems: – Immunodeficiency diseases – Inappropriate attacks of the immune system against nonthreatening agents (harmless cells) ...
Document
... 1. Central (primary) organs: thymus and bone marrow 2. Peripheral (secondary) lymphoid organs are: ...
... 1. Central (primary) organs: thymus and bone marrow 2. Peripheral (secondary) lymphoid organs are: ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.