Study guid Ch 15
... How are helper T cells activated? What kind of cell activates them and how does that cell present the antigenic peptide? What are the regions of the T cell receptor? What part of the receptor binds to and recognizes the antigen? Why do you think it’s important that this region is variable and unique ...
... How are helper T cells activated? What kind of cell activates them and how does that cell present the antigenic peptide? What are the regions of the T cell receptor? What part of the receptor binds to and recognizes the antigen? Why do you think it’s important that this region is variable and unique ...
Adaptive Immune Response (Part II) (Antibody
... Humoral immunity is so named because it involves substances found in the: humours or body fluids. • The Humoral Immune Response is the aspect of immunity that is mediated by secreted antibodies. ...
... Humoral immunity is so named because it involves substances found in the: humours or body fluids. • The Humoral Immune Response is the aspect of immunity that is mediated by secreted antibodies. ...
Reading Worksheet KEY 6.4, pg 250 6.4_rw_key
... 11. With so many defenses, how does the body get sick? (give at least 3 examples) The system has limits AIDS Infection becomes too wide spread Escapes detection Self and Nonself page 254 12. How is self identified on red blood cells? On the surface of the RBC there are molecules that signal for the ...
... 11. With so many defenses, how does the body get sick? (give at least 3 examples) The system has limits AIDS Infection becomes too wide spread Escapes detection Self and Nonself page 254 12. How is self identified on red blood cells? On the surface of the RBC there are molecules that signal for the ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
... Answer the following, each answer not exceeding 350 words. Draw diagrams wherever necessary: ( 5 x 7= 35) 21. a. Give an account of the contribution of Pasteur and Koch. (or) b. Write short notes on immunization schedule. 22. a. Explain briefly about antigens and their properties. (or) b. Explain th ...
... Answer the following, each answer not exceeding 350 words. Draw diagrams wherever necessary: ( 5 x 7= 35) 21. a. Give an account of the contribution of Pasteur and Koch. (or) b. Write short notes on immunization schedule. 22. a. Explain briefly about antigens and their properties. (or) b. Explain th ...
Third Semester M.Sc. Degree Examination (CSS)
... Describe the factors affecting immunogenicity. Explain the role of MHC proteins in cell mediated lysis. Give an account on the applications of monoclonal antibodies. Describe the role of cytokines in immunogenic reactions. Explain the immune responses shown to viral, bacterial and parasitic infectio ...
... Describe the factors affecting immunogenicity. Explain the role of MHC proteins in cell mediated lysis. Give an account on the applications of monoclonal antibodies. Describe the role of cytokines in immunogenic reactions. Explain the immune responses shown to viral, bacterial and parasitic infectio ...
Regulatory T
... Unlike antibody, the TCR cannot bind antigen directly. Instead it needs to have broken-down peptides of the antigen ‘presented’ to it by an antigen presenting cell (APC). The molecules on the APC that present the antigen are called major histocompatibility complexes (MHC). There are two types of MHC ...
... Unlike antibody, the TCR cannot bind antigen directly. Instead it needs to have broken-down peptides of the antigen ‘presented’ to it by an antigen presenting cell (APC). The molecules on the APC that present the antigen are called major histocompatibility complexes (MHC). There are two types of MHC ...
Lecture 7: The body`s defenses
... • Complement proteins interact with antibodies to kill invading cells • Binding of antibody is followed by attachment of complement proteins • Protein complex becomes activated • Pore is formed in pathogen’s membrane • Goodbye pathogen ...
... • Complement proteins interact with antibodies to kill invading cells • Binding of antibody is followed by attachment of complement proteins • Protein complex becomes activated • Pore is formed in pathogen’s membrane • Goodbye pathogen ...
The Immune System
... The Immune System: war in your body Mission: ID the enemy, then kill it. Method: make antibodies that recognize the enemy’s flag (the antigen) ...
... The Immune System: war in your body Mission: ID the enemy, then kill it. Method: make antibodies that recognize the enemy’s flag (the antigen) ...
cells
... A collection of cells and molecules that protect the body against infection, malignancy and damaged cells ...
... A collection of cells and molecules that protect the body against infection, malignancy and damaged cells ...
Document
... This system is activated when pathogens get past the general defence system Organs of the immune system that store WBC’s called lymphocytes and monocytes include the lymphatic vessels, tonsils, spleen lymph nodes ...
... This system is activated when pathogens get past the general defence system Organs of the immune system that store WBC’s called lymphocytes and monocytes include the lymphatic vessels, tonsils, spleen lymph nodes ...
Natural Defense Mechanisms
... They are Soluble molecules, produced by different cells, that control cell functions e.g. activation or inhibition. - Control and regulate the immune system - Mediators between cells - Any cytokine will be activated when bonded to its specific receptors ( excrete its biological action ) ...
... They are Soluble molecules, produced by different cells, that control cell functions e.g. activation or inhibition. - Control and regulate the immune system - Mediators between cells - Any cytokine will be activated when bonded to its specific receptors ( excrete its biological action ) ...
Innate and adaptive immunity
... Cells of the adaptive immune system: Dendritic cells, T and B lymphocytes, • Lymphocytes are generated with unique antigen receptors on their surface. • Dendritic cells (and macrophages) present antigen to lymphocytes and provide activating signals • Lymphocytes undergo clonal expansion and migrate ...
... Cells of the adaptive immune system: Dendritic cells, T and B lymphocytes, • Lymphocytes are generated with unique antigen receptors on their surface. • Dendritic cells (and macrophages) present antigen to lymphocytes and provide activating signals • Lymphocytes undergo clonal expansion and migrate ...
RHINOVIRUSES AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6
... 1 ; minor-group viruses bind to the unrelated low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor 2 . This receptor difference turns out to be a key factor in how these viruses interact with the immune system. Major-group viruses also bind the ICAM-1 molecule expressed on macrophages, dendritic cells, and othe ...
... 1 ; minor-group viruses bind to the unrelated low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor 2 . This receptor difference turns out to be a key factor in how these viruses interact with the immune system. Major-group viruses also bind the ICAM-1 molecule expressed on macrophages, dendritic cells, and othe ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.