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Transactivation and signaling functions of Tat are not correlated
Transactivation and signaling functions of Tat are not correlated

... antibody titers in a large number of primary clinical samples (n = 200) collected from all four southern Indian states. Our analysis of the Indian populations demonstrated that Tat is non-immunodominant and that a large variation exists in the antigen-specific antibody titers. Conclusion: Our report ...
The age-dependent expression of the F18 E. coli receptor
The age-dependent expression of the F18 E. coli receptor

... (FUT1M307A/A) showed no HBGA expression (91.7%) and no F18+ E. coli adherence (83.3%). In addition, it was found that F18R expression levels rise with increasing age during the first 3 weeks after birth and that F18R expression is maintained in older pigs (3–23 weeks old). Taken together, these data ...
Haemophilus influenzae and the complement system
Haemophilus influenzae and the complement system

... The pathogenesis of many microorganisms relies on their capacity to avoid, resist or neutralize the host defense including the complement system [29, 30]. H. influenzae uses two major mechanisms for complement evasion; I) building physical barriers for the activation and deposition of complement pro ...
Pathogenesis of prion diseases
Pathogenesis of prion diseases

... PrPC. PrPC is the naturally occurring cellular prion protein encoded by the Prnp gene. PrPC is expressed on cells of the central nervous system and on cells of the immune system. In a given cell type PrPC is necessary, but not sufficient for the replication of prions. PrPSc. PrPSc is an abnormal iso ...
Probiotic characteristics of Lactobacillus acidophilus and
Probiotic characteristics of Lactobacillus acidophilus and

... Probiotic characteristics of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus paracasei and their effects on immune response and gene expression in mice ...
Thiol-Reactive Metal Compounds Inhibit NF
Thiol-Reactive Metal Compounds Inhibit NF

Pemphigoid diseases: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment
Pemphigoid diseases: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment

View PDF - FEMS Microbiology Reviews
View PDF - FEMS Microbiology Reviews

meriones shawi - ISI International Scientific Indexing
meriones shawi - ISI International Scientific Indexing

... the environment. Accordingly, there is ample evidence indicating a bidirectional relationship between the neuroendocrine and immune systems, in which the immune system acts on the neuroendocrine system through its cytokines, and the neuroendocrine system, in return modulates the immune system throug ...
Rhesus macaque and mouse models for down
Rhesus macaque and mouse models for down

... from the Qβ-CSP-vaccinated animals induced higher in vivo sporozoite neutralization activity. Conclusions:  Despite some immunologic parallels between models, these data demonstrate that differences between the immune responses induced in the two models risk conflicting decisions regarding potential ...
alopecia
alopecia

... UNIVERSALIS-NO VISIBLE HAIR ON BODY ...
Homeostasis of the gut barrier and potential biomarkers
Homeostasis of the gut barrier and potential biomarkers

Is lipid signaling through cannabinoid 2 receptors part of a protective
Is lipid signaling through cannabinoid 2 receptors part of a protective

... [10,40–43]. While there is considerable evidence suggesting that targeting TRPV1 receptors has strong therapeutic rational in pain and multiple other disorders [44,45], and recent studies provide support for anandamide being a potential physiological agonist in the brain at these receptors [46–48], ...
Relation Between HLA-G Gene Null Allele (HLA
Relation Between HLA-G Gene Null Allele (HLA

Sherris Medical Microbiology : An Introduction to Infectious Diseases
Sherris Medical Microbiology : An Introduction to Infectious Diseases

... Much new material has been included, but in order to keep the student from being overwhelmed, older or less important information has been deleted to keep the size of this book approximately the same as the previous edition. As a rule of thumb, material on classic microbial structures, toxins, and t ...
EndoS and SpeB from Streptococcus pyogenes
EndoS and SpeB from Streptococcus pyogenes

... to analyze each sample. After the wells were washed with PBS, all of the wells were blocked for 2 h at room temperature with Veronal-buffered saline containing Ca2⫹ (0.15 mmol/liter), Mg2⫹ (0.5 mmol/liter), and 0.1% gelatin. Purified complement proteins were added to the MBL-deficient serum from whi ...
Antibacterial Peptide-Based Gel for Prevention of Medical Implanted
Antibacterial Peptide-Based Gel for Prevention of Medical Implanted

Characterizing the immune response to HIV-1 using host derived epitope R7V
Characterizing the immune response to HIV-1 using host derived epitope R7V

... Figure 1.7. Schematic diagram showing the progression of natural HIV-1 infection. ..... 21 Figure 1.8. HIV structure with expression of cellular proteins on the viral surface ......... 22 Figure 1.9. Stereo view of the β2m tertiary structure. .................................................... 26 F ...
mRNA-based therapeutics — developing a new class of drugs
mRNA-based therapeutics — developing a new class of drugs

... The primary compartment of the pharmacodynamic activity of IVT mRNA is the cytoplasm. In contrast to natural mRNA that is produced in the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm through nuclear export, IVT mRNA has to enter the cytoplasm from the extracellular space. Irrespective of whether the IVT mRNA is ...
abstract supplement - Society for Mucosal Immunology
abstract supplement - Society for Mucosal Immunology

... The respiratory pathogen streptococcus pneumoniae is the main cause of bacterial pneumonia. The toxin pneumolysin (PLY) expressed by the bacterium is a key virulence factor and potential candidate for inclusion in pneumococcal subunit vaccines. In order to develop these novel vaccines it is importan ...
biotechnology handbook
biotechnology handbook

How is the STAT3 pathway activated?
How is the STAT3 pathway activated?

... •Liver: site of integration of signals from tissue, toxins and bacterial products in blood, etc • Macrophages in the periphery: cytokine release •Hepatocytes respond to cytokines (IL-6, IL-1 for example) and upregulate appropriate response proteins (clotting, innate responses to bacterial infection, ...
Bat ID Program final - Rocky Mountain Virology Club
Bat ID Program final - Rocky Mountain Virology Club

... Retroviridae, Rhabdoviridae, and Togaviridae, as well as viruses that have not been placed in a taxon. Many of these viruses were first recognized after they were associated with human or livestock illnesses and deaths but most were isolated or detected coincidental to general virus surveys or durin ...
The Role of Antibodies in Mouse Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis
The Role of Antibodies in Mouse Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis

... (IFA), CFA or saline is used but is not strictly required. Disease primarily affects the front and rear paws, with occasional involvement of the spinal column, tail, and ear (Courtenay et al., 1980). Investigators generally examine the tarsal joints histologically, and we are not aware of a study do ...
NIH Public Access
NIH Public Access

... at significantly high shear stress (i.e., in larger vessels with higher blood pressure). This ability likely evolved to allow neutrophil recruitment to occur in a broader range of tissue areas. Most leukocytes roll along postcapillary venules at shear stresses of 0–3 dyn/cm2, whereas neutrophils can ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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