Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration
... high-energy electrons and a hydrogen ion are added to an “empty” electron-carrier NAD+ to make the high-energy electron-carrier molecule NADH – Because two G3P molecules are produced per glucose molecule, two NADH carrier molecules are formed ...
... high-energy electrons and a hydrogen ion are added to an “empty” electron-carrier NAD+ to make the high-energy electron-carrier molecule NADH – Because two G3P molecules are produced per glucose molecule, two NADH carrier molecules are formed ...
Cell Respiration Basics
... III) The Electron Transport System (chain) (Let’s call it E.T.) & Oxidative Phosphorylation. E.T. provides energy to produce the ...
... III) The Electron Transport System (chain) (Let’s call it E.T.) & Oxidative Phosphorylation. E.T. provides energy to produce the ...
The Hunt for Red October - HFRO
... glucose is oxidized to pyruvate in the absence of oxygen. The energy released in this process is used to generate ATP directly by substrate level phosphorylation, in which phosphate groups are transferred directly from organic substrates to ADP. To obtain energy from glucose, hydrogen atoms are remo ...
... glucose is oxidized to pyruvate in the absence of oxygen. The energy released in this process is used to generate ATP directly by substrate level phosphorylation, in which phosphate groups are transferred directly from organic substrates to ADP. To obtain energy from glucose, hydrogen atoms are remo ...
Chapter 6 ENZYME SUBSTRATE REACTANTS PRODUCTS
... These reactions occur in the cytoplasm.glycolysis and fermentation These are the three steps of cellular respiration. Acetyl coA formation, krebs, ETC This breaks glucose into two pyruvates.glycolysis This breaks acetyl CoA into carbon dioxide.krebs ATP is produced during these stages of glucose met ...
... These reactions occur in the cytoplasm.glycolysis and fermentation These are the three steps of cellular respiration. Acetyl coA formation, krebs, ETC This breaks glucose into two pyruvates.glycolysis This breaks acetyl CoA into carbon dioxide.krebs ATP is produced during these stages of glucose met ...
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... 5. Identify the inputs and outputs and location of glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. 7. Compare and contrast the structure and function of mitochondria and chloroplasts. ...
... 5. Identify the inputs and outputs and location of glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. 7. Compare and contrast the structure and function of mitochondria and chloroplasts. ...
EnviroRegulationofMicrobialMetabolism-rev
... (B.) All of the 75-100 known building blocks, coenzymes, and prosthetic groups are synthesized from only 12 precursor metabolites by reactions that employ energy (high energy phosphate bonds from ATP), reducing power, and sources of nitrogen, sulfur, and single carbon units. (C.) 12 precursor metabo ...
... (B.) All of the 75-100 known building blocks, coenzymes, and prosthetic groups are synthesized from only 12 precursor metabolites by reactions that employ energy (high energy phosphate bonds from ATP), reducing power, and sources of nitrogen, sulfur, and single carbon units. (C.) 12 precursor metabo ...
4 Krebs ETC
... • Cristae contain molecules that make up the electron transport system utilized in aerobic respiration • Electron transport system consists of 4 complexes that receives a pair of electrons then transfers the electrons to the next complex – Cytochrome complex 3 and 4 are membrane bound proteins ...
... • Cristae contain molecules that make up the electron transport system utilized in aerobic respiration • Electron transport system consists of 4 complexes that receives a pair of electrons then transfers the electrons to the next complex – Cytochrome complex 3 and 4 are membrane bound proteins ...
Extracellular Enzymes Lab
... Consequently, the cell must actively transport material across the cell membrane. Special proteins embedded in the cell wall and membrane are responsible for transporting material into and out of the cell. • These transport systems only operate on relative small molecules, i.e. < 1000 MW ...
... Consequently, the cell must actively transport material across the cell membrane. Special proteins embedded in the cell wall and membrane are responsible for transporting material into and out of the cell. • These transport systems only operate on relative small molecules, i.e. < 1000 MW ...
Respiration
... • The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly. • Its function is to break the large free energy drop from food to oxygen into a series of smaller steps that release energy in manageable amounts. • The movement of electrons along the electron transport chain does contribute to chemiosmosis ...
... • The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly. • Its function is to break the large free energy drop from food to oxygen into a series of smaller steps that release energy in manageable amounts. • The movement of electrons along the electron transport chain does contribute to chemiosmosis ...
Study guide for Midterm 3.
... group shuttle outlined in Figure 21-10. a. Write the overall equation for the transfer of one acetyl group from the mitochondrion to the cytosol. b. What is the cost of this process in ATPs per acetyl group? c. In Chapter 17 we encountered an acyl group shuttle in the transfer of fatty acyl–CoA from ...
... group shuttle outlined in Figure 21-10. a. Write the overall equation for the transfer of one acetyl group from the mitochondrion to the cytosol. b. What is the cost of this process in ATPs per acetyl group? c. In Chapter 17 we encountered an acyl group shuttle in the transfer of fatty acyl–CoA from ...
Multiple Choice
... a. resembles the transition-state structure of the normal enzyme-substrate complex. b. typically yields product more rapidly with an enzyme than the normal substrate. c. is less stable when binding to an enzyme than the normal substrate. d. stabilizes the transition state for the normal enzyme-subst ...
... a. resembles the transition-state structure of the normal enzyme-substrate complex. b. typically yields product more rapidly with an enzyme than the normal substrate. c. is less stable when binding to an enzyme than the normal substrate. d. stabilizes the transition state for the normal enzyme-subst ...
3. Feedback mechanisms control cellular respiration
... • In respiration, the electrons of NADH are ultimately passed to O2, generating ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. • In addition, even more ATP is generated from the oxidation of pyruvate in the Krebs cycle. • Without oxygen, the energy still stored in pyruvate is unavailable to the cell. • Under ae ...
... • In respiration, the electrons of NADH are ultimately passed to O2, generating ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. • In addition, even more ATP is generated from the oxidation of pyruvate in the Krebs cycle. • Without oxygen, the energy still stored in pyruvate is unavailable to the cell. • Under ae ...
PP - Chemistry Courses: About
... • Concept: Phosphoryl group transfer potential • Chemical logic? ...
... • Concept: Phosphoryl group transfer potential • Chemical logic? ...
Name Answer Key Date Period 3.7 Cell Respiration 1. Define cell
... gradient, which generates a proton motive force (potential energy). The hydrogen ions will move through the ATP synthase, which will uses the energy from the ions to add a phosphate molecule to ADP, forming ATP. ...
... gradient, which generates a proton motive force (potential energy). The hydrogen ions will move through the ATP synthase, which will uses the energy from the ions to add a phosphate molecule to ADP, forming ATP. ...
Topics To Know For Chapters 8-10
... 24. Know the events of chemiosmosis discussed in class and where does it take place. - thylakoid membrane - ATP synthase - thylakoid space - electron flow - pH 4 - photosystems I & II - H+ concentration 25. Know what makes the Calvin cycle work or operate. Describe the events taking place in the Ca ...
... 24. Know the events of chemiosmosis discussed in class and where does it take place. - thylakoid membrane - ATP synthase - thylakoid space - electron flow - pH 4 - photosystems I & II - H+ concentration 25. Know what makes the Calvin cycle work or operate. Describe the events taking place in the Ca ...
Extracellular Enzymes Lab
... Consequently, the cell must actively transport material across the cell membrane. Special proteins embedded in the cell wall and membrane are responsible for transporting material into and out of the cell. • These transport systems only operate on relative small molecules, i.e. < 1000 MW ...
... Consequently, the cell must actively transport material across the cell membrane. Special proteins embedded in the cell wall and membrane are responsible for transporting material into and out of the cell. • These transport systems only operate on relative small molecules, i.e. < 1000 MW ...
Krebs Cycle - 2008 BIOCHEM 201
... • Function of citric acid cycle is to oxidize organic molecules under aerobic conditions. • 8 reactions in the Krebs cycle • Pyruvate is degraded to CO2. • 1 GTP (ATP in bacteria) and 1 FADH2 are produced during one turn of the cycle. • 3 NADH are produced during one turn of the cycle. • NADH and FA ...
... • Function of citric acid cycle is to oxidize organic molecules under aerobic conditions. • 8 reactions in the Krebs cycle • Pyruvate is degraded to CO2. • 1 GTP (ATP in bacteria) and 1 FADH2 are produced during one turn of the cycle. • 3 NADH are produced during one turn of the cycle. • NADH and FA ...
Photosynthesis & Respiration
... Occurs in Chloroplasts Photosynthetic Membrane in clusters of pigments cells called a Photosystem Photosystems: capture E in sunlight in Pigments such as chlorophyll e- transport occurs in photosystems, ...
... Occurs in Chloroplasts Photosynthetic Membrane in clusters of pigments cells called a Photosystem Photosystems: capture E in sunlight in Pigments such as chlorophyll e- transport occurs in photosystems, ...
Chapter 25
... • There are three major metabolic destinations for the principle nutrients. They will be used for energy for active processes, synthesized into structural or functional molecules, or synthesized as fat or glycogen for later use as energy. ...
... • There are three major metabolic destinations for the principle nutrients. They will be used for energy for active processes, synthesized into structural or functional molecules, or synthesized as fat or glycogen for later use as energy. ...
here
... Glycolysis & Krebs Cycle HW 1. Contrast glycolysis with cell respiration, citing such factors as locale, oxygen use, energy yields, and type of phosphorylation used. 2. Briefly describe the two means by which ADP is phosphorylated. 3. How does glycolysis differ from fermentation? 4. What is the purp ...
... Glycolysis & Krebs Cycle HW 1. Contrast glycolysis with cell respiration, citing such factors as locale, oxygen use, energy yields, and type of phosphorylation used. 2. Briefly describe the two means by which ADP is phosphorylated. 3. How does glycolysis differ from fermentation? 4. What is the purp ...
Document
... monosaccharides, fatty acids, glycerol and other products degraded to a few simpler products Can operate aerobically or anaerobically Generates some ATP and NADH or FADH ...
... monosaccharides, fatty acids, glycerol and other products degraded to a few simpler products Can operate aerobically or anaerobically Generates some ATP and NADH or FADH ...
The Proposed Effects of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD
... is stimulated by NAD+. So all three of the most important enzymes involved in the Krebs cycle need NAD+ concentrations to remain high. The oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle is highly plastic in humans with adaptations occurring to the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Changes are also seen ...
... is stimulated by NAD+. So all three of the most important enzymes involved in the Krebs cycle need NAD+ concentrations to remain high. The oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle is highly plastic in humans with adaptations occurring to the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Changes are also seen ...
Final Key - UC Davis Plant Sciences
... glucose that can be used as a fuel by the other cells of the body. On the other hand, the skeletal muscles are specialized for energy production (ATP). Thus, if glycolysis is activated in the muscles (ATP production), gluconeogenesis will be activated in the liver to produce glucose for the muscles ...
... glucose that can be used as a fuel by the other cells of the body. On the other hand, the skeletal muscles are specialized for energy production (ATP). Thus, if glycolysis is activated in the muscles (ATP production), gluconeogenesis will be activated in the liver to produce glucose for the muscles ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.