PPTX - Bonham Chemistry
... Cellular Respiration: the big picture • process in which cells consume O2 and produce CO2 ...
... Cellular Respiration: the big picture • process in which cells consume O2 and produce CO2 ...
VI. Reaction Coupling and ATP
... 4. Competitive inhibition • molecule binds to active site • prevents substrate binding ...
... 4. Competitive inhibition • molecule binds to active site • prevents substrate binding ...
Chapter 15 - FIU Faculty Websites
... 1. The quantity of enzyme present can be regulated at the level of gene transcription. 2. Catalytic activity is regulated allosterically or by covalent modification. Hormones coordinate metabolic activity, often by instigating the covalent modification of allosteric enzymes. The energy status of th ...
... 1. The quantity of enzyme present can be regulated at the level of gene transcription. 2. Catalytic activity is regulated allosterically or by covalent modification. Hormones coordinate metabolic activity, often by instigating the covalent modification of allosteric enzymes. The energy status of th ...
BIO 101 Worksheet Metabolism and Cellular Respiration
... 7. _______ Water is produced in oxidative phosphorylation 8. _______ ATP is broken down to 34 ADP + 34 P in oxidative phosphorylation 9. _______ATP is synthesized by a ATP synthase 10. _______ ATP synthase requires H+ ions to operate 11. _______ The total amount of ATP produced by all cellular respi ...
... 7. _______ Water is produced in oxidative phosphorylation 8. _______ ATP is broken down to 34 ADP + 34 P in oxidative phosphorylation 9. _______ATP is synthesized by a ATP synthase 10. _______ ATP synthase requires H+ ions to operate 11. _______ The total amount of ATP produced by all cellular respi ...
Ch. 7 Cellular Respiration
... 2. The 6 carbon molecule that is formed is split into two three carbon molecules of PGAL. The 2 PGAL molecules are oxidized (each loses an electron) These electrons combine with NAD+ to form a new high energy compound called NADH (similar to NADP+) 3. The 4 phosphate groups that were added are now r ...
... 2. The 6 carbon molecule that is formed is split into two three carbon molecules of PGAL. The 2 PGAL molecules are oxidized (each loses an electron) These electrons combine with NAD+ to form a new high energy compound called NADH (similar to NADP+) 3. The 4 phosphate groups that were added are now r ...
Biochemistry I, Spring Term 2001 - Third Exam:
... C2. (15 pts) Answer ONE of the following three questions. i) In biosynthetic and degradative pathways, several steps are similar, often catalyzed by the same enzyme. Other steps are different, catalyzed by one or more different enzymes. As an example of the latter, pick one such step in either glyco ...
... C2. (15 pts) Answer ONE of the following three questions. i) In biosynthetic and degradative pathways, several steps are similar, often catalyzed by the same enzyme. Other steps are different, catalyzed by one or more different enzymes. As an example of the latter, pick one such step in either glyco ...
Enzymes of Clinical Significance
... 3. Same properties as other proteins a. Charge (isoelectric point, electrophoresis) b. Solubility c. Denaturation (extremes in heat, pH, chemical) d. Non-specific or specific (antigenic) binding 4. Some enzymes have iosenzyme forms: a. Different form of an enzyme due to differing arrangements of the ...
... 3. Same properties as other proteins a. Charge (isoelectric point, electrophoresis) b. Solubility c. Denaturation (extremes in heat, pH, chemical) d. Non-specific or specific (antigenic) binding 4. Some enzymes have iosenzyme forms: a. Different form of an enzyme due to differing arrangements of the ...
How Cells Release Chemical Energy – Cellular Respiration
... Aerobic Respiration’s Big Energy Payoff 4. Electron Transport Chain ...
... Aerobic Respiration’s Big Energy Payoff 4. Electron Transport Chain ...
Hypoxia Oxidative phosphorylation contribution to ATP production
... constitutively expressed. A heme-based receptor detects O2 levels and leads to an oxygen-dependent modification of HIF1. This modification allows HIF1 to be ubiquinated, which targets it for destruction. When HIF1 is not modified, it can dimerize with ARNT to form a heterodimer transcription factor ...
... constitutively expressed. A heme-based receptor detects O2 levels and leads to an oxygen-dependent modification of HIF1. This modification allows HIF1 to be ubiquinated, which targets it for destruction. When HIF1 is not modified, it can dimerize with ARNT to form a heterodimer transcription factor ...
Chap 4 Study Guide
... 1. bioenergetics incorporates these first and second laws 3. the cell's “universal energy carrier” 7. reactions that require energy input 10. oxidizing or reducing ________ 11. different model of the same enzyme 13. compounds mainly derived from water-soluble vitamins 15. inborn error of phenylalani ...
... 1. bioenergetics incorporates these first and second laws 3. the cell's “universal energy carrier” 7. reactions that require energy input 10. oxidizing or reducing ________ 11. different model of the same enzyme 13. compounds mainly derived from water-soluble vitamins 15. inborn error of phenylalani ...
Cellular Respiration
... • The rate of catabolism is also regulated, typically by the level of ATP in the cell –If ATP levels drop, catabolism speeds up to produce more ATP –High levels of ATP inhibit the enzyme phosphofructokinase (3rd step in glycol) –It is stimulated by high levels of AMP –Therefore, rate of glycolysis ...
... • The rate of catabolism is also regulated, typically by the level of ATP in the cell –If ATP levels drop, catabolism speeds up to produce more ATP –High levels of ATP inhibit the enzyme phosphofructokinase (3rd step in glycol) –It is stimulated by high levels of AMP –Therefore, rate of glycolysis ...
Chapter 9 - Cellular Respiration
... A. fermentation – partial degradation of sugars without oxygen (anaerobic respiration_ B. Aerobic respiration – oxygen is consumed as reactant along with organic fuel (glucose) C. Cellular respiration is the enzymatic breakdown of glucose (C6H12O6) in the presence of oxygen (O2) to produce cellular ...
... A. fermentation – partial degradation of sugars without oxygen (anaerobic respiration_ B. Aerobic respiration – oxygen is consumed as reactant along with organic fuel (glucose) C. Cellular respiration is the enzymatic breakdown of glucose (C6H12O6) in the presence of oxygen (O2) to produce cellular ...
CHAP NUM="9" ID="CH
... Figure 9.3 Methane combustion as an energy-yielding redox reaction. The reaction releases energy to the surroundings because the electrons lose potential energy when they end up being shared unequally, spending more time near electronegative atoms such as oxygen. Figure 9.4 NAD+ as an electron s ...
... Figure 9.3 Methane combustion as an energy-yielding redox reaction. The reaction releases energy to the surroundings because the electrons lose potential energy when they end up being shared unequally, spending more time near electronegative atoms such as oxygen. Figure 9.4 NAD+ as an electron s ...
Cellular Respiration
... • The rate of catabolism is also regulated, typically by the level of ATP in the cell –If ATP levels drop, catabolism speeds up to produce more ATP –High levels of ATP inhibit the enzyme phosphofructokinase (3rd step in glycol) –It is stimulated by high levels of AMP –Therefore, rate of glycolysis ...
... • The rate of catabolism is also regulated, typically by the level of ATP in the cell –If ATP levels drop, catabolism speeds up to produce more ATP –High levels of ATP inhibit the enzyme phosphofructokinase (3rd step in glycol) –It is stimulated by high levels of AMP –Therefore, rate of glycolysis ...
RESPIRATION
... • (b) Sucrose:- It is the principal soluble disaccharide which is converted into the glucose and fructose by the action of enzyme invertase. • (C) Glucose:- A monosaccharide hexose molecule which act as chief respiratory substrate. • (d)Fructose:- It is directly converted into fructose-6-phosphate ...
... • (b) Sucrose:- It is the principal soluble disaccharide which is converted into the glucose and fructose by the action of enzyme invertase. • (C) Glucose:- A monosaccharide hexose molecule which act as chief respiratory substrate. • (d)Fructose:- It is directly converted into fructose-6-phosphate ...
Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy
... Where did the glucose come from? Where did the O2 come from? Where did the CO2 come from? Where did the CO2 go? Where did the H2O come from? Where did the ATP come from? What else is produced that is not listed in this equation? Why do we breathe? ...
... Where did the glucose come from? Where did the O2 come from? Where did the CO2 come from? Where did the CO2 go? Where did the H2O come from? Where did the ATP come from? What else is produced that is not listed in this equation? Why do we breathe? ...
Chapter 9
... anaerobic respiration and cannot survive in the presence of O2 • Yeast and many bacteria are facultative anaerobes, meaning that they can survive using either fermentation or cellular respiration • In a facultative anaerobe, pyruvate is a fork in the metabolic road that leads to two alternative ...
... anaerobic respiration and cannot survive in the presence of O2 • Yeast and many bacteria are facultative anaerobes, meaning that they can survive using either fermentation or cellular respiration • In a facultative anaerobe, pyruvate is a fork in the metabolic road that leads to two alternative ...
U2-D3-03 – PO and Kreb
... The two molecules of acetyl-CoA enter the Krebs cycle where additional free energy transfers occur. The two molecules of NADH proceed to stage 4 (electron transport and chemiosmosis) to produce ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. The two CO 2 molecules produced during pyruvate oxidation diffuse out of ...
... The two molecules of acetyl-CoA enter the Krebs cycle where additional free energy transfers occur. The two molecules of NADH proceed to stage 4 (electron transport and chemiosmosis) to produce ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. The two CO 2 molecules produced during pyruvate oxidation diffuse out of ...
Chapter 20 TCA Cycle Bridging Reaction: Pyruvate Ž Acetyl-CoA
... The NADP + isozyme was the first discovered. It is more easily measured because the NAD+ enzyme requires ADP as an allosteric activator. In very old biochemistry textbooks, you may see NADPH as a product of this reaction. Malic enzyme and 6phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, along with the NADPH form of ...
... The NADP + isozyme was the first discovered. It is more easily measured because the NAD+ enzyme requires ADP as an allosteric activator. In very old biochemistry textbooks, you may see NADPH as a product of this reaction. Malic enzyme and 6phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, along with the NADPH form of ...
Chapter 20 TCA Cycle Bridging Reaction: Pyruvate Ž Acetyl-CoA
... The NADP + isozyme was the first discovered. It is more easily measured because the NAD+ enzyme requires ADP as an allosteric activator. In very old biochemistry textbooks, you may see NADPH as a product of this reaction. Malic enzyme and 6phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, along with the NADPH form of ...
... The NADP + isozyme was the first discovered. It is more easily measured because the NAD+ enzyme requires ADP as an allosteric activator. In very old biochemistry textbooks, you may see NADPH as a product of this reaction. Malic enzyme and 6phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, along with the NADPH form of ...
Problems
... 1. Which of the reactions of a metabolic pathway would you expect to be regulated? List all that apply: a. the 1st committed step of the pathway b. the last step of the pathway c. a highly spontaneous reaction d. a rate-limiting reaction e. a reaction in which [products]/[reactants] is close to Keq ...
... 1. Which of the reactions of a metabolic pathway would you expect to be regulated? List all that apply: a. the 1st committed step of the pathway b. the last step of the pathway c. a highly spontaneous reaction d. a rate-limiting reaction e. a reaction in which [products]/[reactants] is close to Keq ...
1 APPENDIX 1 TEST PRINCIPLES USED IN THE BIOCHEMICAL
... Triglycerides are hydrolysed by lipoprotein lipase to glycerol followed by oxidation to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen oxide produced then reacts with 4-aminophenazone and 4-4-chlorophenol under the catalytic action of peroxidase to form a red dyestuff (Trinder end po ...
... Triglycerides are hydrolysed by lipoprotein lipase to glycerol followed by oxidation to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen oxide produced then reacts with 4-aminophenazone and 4-4-chlorophenol under the catalytic action of peroxidase to form a red dyestuff (Trinder end po ...
Cellular Respiration Notes - 2016 2017
... b. In glycolysis, glucose is oxidized to two pyruvate molecules with NAD+ being reduced to NADH. Fermentation can generate ATP from glucose by substrate-level phosphorylation during glycolysis as long as there is a supply of NAD+ to accept electrons from glucose. If the NAD+ pool is exhausted, glyco ...
... b. In glycolysis, glucose is oxidized to two pyruvate molecules with NAD+ being reduced to NADH. Fermentation can generate ATP from glucose by substrate-level phosphorylation during glycolysis as long as there is a supply of NAD+ to accept electrons from glucose. If the NAD+ pool is exhausted, glyco ...
Mader/Biology, 11/e – Chapter Outline
... A. NAD and FAD 1. Each metabolic reaction in cellular respiration is catalyzed by a specific enzyme. 2. As a metabolite is oxidized, NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) accepts two electrons and a hydrogen ion (H+); this results in NADH + H+. 3. Electrons received by NAD+ and FAD are high-energ ...
... A. NAD and FAD 1. Each metabolic reaction in cellular respiration is catalyzed by a specific enzyme. 2. As a metabolite is oxidized, NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) accepts two electrons and a hydrogen ion (H+); this results in NADH + H+. 3. Electrons received by NAD+ and FAD are high-energ ...
Notes-Cellular Respiration
... 1.A)Explain where organisms get the energy needed for life processes. • Organisms get the energy they need from food. • Energy stored in food is expressed as calories. • Calorie • amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius. • 1000 calories = 1 kilocalori ...
... 1.A)Explain where organisms get the energy needed for life processes. • Organisms get the energy they need from food. • Energy stored in food is expressed as calories. • Calorie • amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius. • 1000 calories = 1 kilocalori ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.