chapter 9 cellular respiration: harvesting
... ATP accounting so far… • Glycolysis 2 ATP • Kreb’s cycle 2 ATP • Life takes a lot of energy to run, need to extract more energy than 4 ATP! There’s got to be a better way! I need a lot more ATP! ...
... ATP accounting so far… • Glycolysis 2 ATP • Kreb’s cycle 2 ATP • Life takes a lot of energy to run, need to extract more energy than 4 ATP! There’s got to be a better way! I need a lot more ATP! ...
Cellular Respiration Notes (Overhead Version)
... Oxygen SERVES as the FINAL Acceptor of Electrons. By Accepting Electrons from the last molecule in the Electron Transport Chain, Oxygen allows additional electrons to pass along the chain. Allowing ATP to continue to be synthesized. Oxygen also accepts Protons that were once part of the Hydrogen Ato ...
... Oxygen SERVES as the FINAL Acceptor of Electrons. By Accepting Electrons from the last molecule in the Electron Transport Chain, Oxygen allows additional electrons to pass along the chain. Allowing ATP to continue to be synthesized. Oxygen also accepts Protons that were once part of the Hydrogen Ato ...
CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION: HARVESTING CHEMICAL
... theyy combine with oxygen yg and hydrogen y g ions to form water. − the energy released at each step of the chain is stored in the mitochondrion in a form that can be used to make ATP. ATP • The mode of ATP synthesis is called oxidative phosphorylation: ...
... theyy combine with oxygen yg and hydrogen y g ions to form water. − the energy released at each step of the chain is stored in the mitochondrion in a form that can be used to make ATP. ATP • The mode of ATP synthesis is called oxidative phosphorylation: ...
Biochem03 - Amit Kessel Ph.D
... B. reduces dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glycerol phosphate. C. reduces malate to oxaloacetate for transport into the mitochondrial matrix. D. can be transported into the mitochondrion by an NADH/NAD+ antiporter. E. acts as a negative allosteric effector for phosphofructokinase. 41. Competitive inhi ...
... B. reduces dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glycerol phosphate. C. reduces malate to oxaloacetate for transport into the mitochondrial matrix. D. can be transported into the mitochondrion by an NADH/NAD+ antiporter. E. acts as a negative allosteric effector for phosphofructokinase. 41. Competitive inhi ...
AP Biology
... 1. This series of reactions gives off CO2 and produces ATP. 2. Produces two immediate ATP molecules per glucose molecule. d. The electron transport system 1. Series of carriers accepts electrons from glucose; electrons are passed from carrier to carrier until received by oxygen. 2. Electrons pass fr ...
... 1. This series of reactions gives off CO2 and produces ATP. 2. Produces two immediate ATP molecules per glucose molecule. d. The electron transport system 1. Series of carriers accepts electrons from glucose; electrons are passed from carrier to carrier until received by oxygen. 2. Electrons pass fr ...
AP BIOLOGY – CHAPTER 7 Cellular Respiration Outline
... 10. Rapid breakdown of glucose would lose most energy as non-usable heat. 11. Breakdown of glucose yields synthesis of 36 or 38 ATP; this preserves 39% of energy available in glucose. B. NAD+ and FAD 1. Each metabolic reaction in cellular respiration is catalyzed by its own enzyme. 2. As a metabolit ...
... 10. Rapid breakdown of glucose would lose most energy as non-usable heat. 11. Breakdown of glucose yields synthesis of 36 or 38 ATP; this preserves 39% of energy available in glucose. B. NAD+ and FAD 1. Each metabolic reaction in cellular respiration is catalyzed by its own enzyme. 2. As a metabolit ...
C485 Exam I - Chemistry Courses: About
... something about. These are tough questions. If you get either one, it is terrific. If you get them both, you are way over the top….! EC 1 (No partial credit) The biosynthesis of myoinositol phosphate (MIP)catalyzed by MIP synthase starts with the glucose 6-phosphate and gives the indicated product. ...
... something about. These are tough questions. If you get either one, it is terrific. If you get them both, you are way over the top….! EC 1 (No partial credit) The biosynthesis of myoinositol phosphate (MIP)catalyzed by MIP synthase starts with the glucose 6-phosphate and gives the indicated product. ...
Citric Acid Cycle Overview
... small increase in [pyruvate] an a large increase in [lactate] so that the [lactate]/[pyruvate] ratio is many times larger than normal. Explain. ...
... small increase in [pyruvate] an a large increase in [lactate] so that the [lactate]/[pyruvate] ratio is many times larger than normal. Explain. ...
Detailed Objectives
... reaction type. Understand the stoichiometry of each pathway from the overall reaction. Understand the free energy considerations (production and use of ATP) and oxidation-reduction considerations (the general flow of electrons (H·, H:-, or e-)) for each pathway. You should understand the basic princ ...
... reaction type. Understand the stoichiometry of each pathway from the overall reaction. Understand the free energy considerations (production and use of ATP) and oxidation-reduction considerations (the general flow of electrons (H·, H:-, or e-)) for each pathway. You should understand the basic princ ...
Metabolismus xenobiotik - Univerzita Karlova v Praze
... Phase II - conjugation • localization liver (intestine mucosa, skin): ER, cytoplasm • properties need of an endogenic substance synthetic reactions energy consumption • results highly polar conjugates ( water solubility) decreased toxicity ...
... Phase II - conjugation • localization liver (intestine mucosa, skin): ER, cytoplasm • properties need of an endogenic substance synthetic reactions energy consumption • results highly polar conjugates ( water solubility) decreased toxicity ...
some of Chapter 25
... interrelationship among “compartments” absorptive state following a meal ~4 hours ...
... interrelationship among “compartments” absorptive state following a meal ~4 hours ...
7.6 Enzymes – summary of mark schemes
... Describe the induced-fit model. Mark Scheme A. B. C. D. E. F. G. ...
... Describe the induced-fit model. Mark Scheme A. B. C. D. E. F. G. ...
The Citric Acid Cycle
... • The cycle is involved in the aerobic catabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids • Intermediates of the cycle are starting points for many biosynthetic reactions • Enzymes of the cycle are in the mitochondria (eukaryotes) or the cytosol of bacteria ...
... • The cycle is involved in the aerobic catabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids • Intermediates of the cycle are starting points for many biosynthetic reactions • Enzymes of the cycle are in the mitochondria (eukaryotes) or the cytosol of bacteria ...
Metabolic Pathways
... A cell has to control enzyme activity. It does this by: • Controlling number of enzyme molecules in cell • Keeping reactions (and enzymes) in compartments eg. Mitochondria or lysosome. • Changing enzyme shape (most effective) ...
... A cell has to control enzyme activity. It does this by: • Controlling number of enzyme molecules in cell • Keeping reactions (and enzymes) in compartments eg. Mitochondria or lysosome. • Changing enzyme shape (most effective) ...
Vitamin В 1
... -synthesis of methionine from homocysteine -synthesis of creatin, cholin -synthesis of phospholipids -synthesis of purine and pyrimidine bases, nucleic acids Symptoms: -hyperchromic megaloblastic anemia (malignant, pernicious, Addison-Birmer disease) -fatty dystrophy of nervous cells, neurological d ...
... -synthesis of methionine from homocysteine -synthesis of creatin, cholin -synthesis of phospholipids -synthesis of purine and pyrimidine bases, nucleic acids Symptoms: -hyperchromic megaloblastic anemia (malignant, pernicious, Addison-Birmer disease) -fatty dystrophy of nervous cells, neurological d ...
Cellular Respiration
... yields two ATP • Aerobic respiration yields 36 ATP • Bacteria do not need much ATP • You depend on the aerobic pathway ...
... yields two ATP • Aerobic respiration yields 36 ATP • Bacteria do not need much ATP • You depend on the aerobic pathway ...
Cellular Respirationn Review Answers
... it to power ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation. NAD+ is used to shuttle electrons to the first component of the electron transport chain. During oxidative phosphorylation, NAD+ removes two hydrogen atoms from a part of the original glucose molecule. Two electrons and one proton attach to NAD ...
... it to power ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation. NAD+ is used to shuttle electrons to the first component of the electron transport chain. During oxidative phosphorylation, NAD+ removes two hydrogen atoms from a part of the original glucose molecule. Two electrons and one proton attach to NAD ...
Enzyme Substrate Reactions
... 2. At high temperatures, the rate of enzyme action decreases because the increased heat (1.) increases the concentration of the enzyme (3.) alters the active site of the enzyme (2.) changes the pH of the system (4.) neutralizes the acids and bases 3. Enzymes influence chemical reactions in living sy ...
... 2. At high temperatures, the rate of enzyme action decreases because the increased heat (1.) increases the concentration of the enzyme (3.) alters the active site of the enzyme (2.) changes the pH of the system (4.) neutralizes the acids and bases 3. Enzymes influence chemical reactions in living sy ...
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration 1 Photosynthesis and Respiration
... • Produced during heavy exercise. Lactic acid accumulate in blood, must later be converted back to glucose or pyruvic acid (requires oxygen) = oxygen debt. ...
... • Produced during heavy exercise. Lactic acid accumulate in blood, must later be converted back to glucose or pyruvic acid (requires oxygen) = oxygen debt. ...
Metabolism - Websupport1
... Say we have a fatty acid chain that is 18 carbon long. During beta oxidation fragments of two carbon will be removed from the chain of fatty acid. So after the first round of reaction (as shown in the figure) a fatty acid chain that is 16 carbon long will remain, after the second round of reactions ...
... Say we have a fatty acid chain that is 18 carbon long. During beta oxidation fragments of two carbon will be removed from the chain of fatty acid. So after the first round of reaction (as shown in the figure) a fatty acid chain that is 16 carbon long will remain, after the second round of reactions ...
PPT
... • can oxidize S to SO42- in aerobic conditions or reduce S to H2S in presence of H2 gas but absence of O2 ---- both have G < 0 in the right conditions. • methylotrophy (aerobic) v. methanogenesis (anaerobic) ...
... • can oxidize S to SO42- in aerobic conditions or reduce S to H2S in presence of H2 gas but absence of O2 ---- both have G < 0 in the right conditions. • methylotrophy (aerobic) v. methanogenesis (anaerobic) ...
Cellular Respiration
... CoA (2C) to form Citric Acid (6C) - NAD+ and FAD molecules are reduced as they pick up electrons and hydrogens - An enzyme combines a phosphate group with ADP to form ATP - After CO2, NADH, FADH2, and ATP is released, Oxaloacetate is recycled back into the cycle to combine with another Acetyl CoA - ...
... CoA (2C) to form Citric Acid (6C) - NAD+ and FAD molecules are reduced as they pick up electrons and hydrogens - An enzyme combines a phosphate group with ADP to form ATP - After CO2, NADH, FADH2, and ATP is released, Oxaloacetate is recycled back into the cycle to combine with another Acetyl CoA - ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.