Answer Set 2
... 1. Without triose isomerase, only one of the two three-carbon molecules generated by aldolase could be used to generate ATP. Only two molecules of ATP would results from the metabolism of each glucose. But two molecules of ATP would still be required to form fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, the substrate ...
... 1. Without triose isomerase, only one of the two three-carbon molecules generated by aldolase could be used to generate ATP. Only two molecules of ATP would results from the metabolism of each glucose. But two molecules of ATP would still be required to form fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, the substrate ...
3 .Micronutrients GIT
... enzymes of intermediary metabolism. Only vitamin K of the fat-soluble vitamins has a coenzyme function. Fat soluble vitamins are released, absorbed & transported with the fat of the diet. They are not readily excreted in urine. Significant amounts are stored in the liver & adipose tissue. ...
... enzymes of intermediary metabolism. Only vitamin K of the fat-soluble vitamins has a coenzyme function. Fat soluble vitamins are released, absorbed & transported with the fat of the diet. They are not readily excreted in urine. Significant amounts are stored in the liver & adipose tissue. ...
Enzymes
... Enzymes Enzymes are globular proteins, with a specific tertiary structure, which catalyse metabolic reactions in living organisms. They may be intracellular or extracellular Describe, with the aid of diagrams, the mechanism of action of enzyme molecules, with reference to specificity, active site, l ...
... Enzymes Enzymes are globular proteins, with a specific tertiary structure, which catalyse metabolic reactions in living organisms. They may be intracellular or extracellular Describe, with the aid of diagrams, the mechanism of action of enzyme molecules, with reference to specificity, active site, l ...
File
... chloroplasts evolved from bacteria that formed a symbiotic relationship with ancestral cells containing a eukaryotic nucleus. • Mitochondria have two distinct membranes (outer and inner) and two distinct subcompartments. • Mitochondria use aerobic oxidation of carboncontaining molecules to generate ...
... chloroplasts evolved from bacteria that formed a symbiotic relationship with ancestral cells containing a eukaryotic nucleus. • Mitochondria have two distinct membranes (outer and inner) and two distinct subcompartments. • Mitochondria use aerobic oxidation of carboncontaining molecules to generate ...
Enzymes
... Enzyme Activity Factors 3) Enzyme concentration – Enzymes are not used up during reactions – Can work effectively at low concentrations ...
... Enzyme Activity Factors 3) Enzyme concentration – Enzymes are not used up during reactions – Can work effectively at low concentrations ...
Electron transport chain
... – This proton gradient develops between the intermembrane space and the matrix. – This concentration of H+ is the proton-motive force. ...
... – This proton gradient develops between the intermembrane space and the matrix. – This concentration of H+ is the proton-motive force. ...
Glycolysis: Derived from Greek words
... Glucose + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O δGo= -2840 kJ/mol Glucose + 2NAD+ = 2Pyruvate + 2NADH + 2H+ δGo = -146 kJ/mol 5.2% of total free energy that can be released by glucose is released in glycolysis. ...
... Glucose + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O δGo= -2840 kJ/mol Glucose + 2NAD+ = 2Pyruvate + 2NADH + 2H+ δGo = -146 kJ/mol 5.2% of total free energy that can be released by glucose is released in glycolysis. ...
ppt
... 1. Structure 2. Functions a. energy storage... but since they probably do other things, these are metabolized last... b. structure - after water, animals are mostly protein collagen, elastin, actin, myosin, etc... ...
... 1. Structure 2. Functions a. energy storage... but since they probably do other things, these are metabolized last... b. structure - after water, animals are mostly protein collagen, elastin, actin, myosin, etc... ...
Mechanisms of Enzyme Regulation • Substrate concentration
... cleaved at a specific site in their polypeptide chain by specific proteases. a. Many digestive enzymes that hydrolyze proteins (e.g., trypsin, pepsin) are synthesized as zymogens in the stomach and pancreas. b. Blood clotting is mediated by a series of proteolytic zymogen activities of several serum ...
... cleaved at a specific site in their polypeptide chain by specific proteases. a. Many digestive enzymes that hydrolyze proteins (e.g., trypsin, pepsin) are synthesized as zymogens in the stomach and pancreas. b. Blood clotting is mediated by a series of proteolytic zymogen activities of several serum ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration
... by NADH to form lactate (the ionized form of lactic acid) without release of CO2. Human muscle cells switch from aerobic respiration to lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce. The waste product, lactate, may cause muscle fatigue, but ultimately it is converted back to pyruvat ...
... by NADH to form lactate (the ionized form of lactic acid) without release of CO2. Human muscle cells switch from aerobic respiration to lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce. The waste product, lactate, may cause muscle fatigue, but ultimately it is converted back to pyruvat ...
Chapter 5- Enzymes State Standard Standard 1.b. – Enzymes
... 4. The amount of energy that reactants need to start a chemical reaction is the _______. 5. When an enzyme catalyzes (speeds up) a chemical reaction A. It acts as a reactant B. It acts as a product C. It raises the activation energy of a reaction D. It lowers the activation energy of a reaction Enzy ...
... 4. The amount of energy that reactants need to start a chemical reaction is the _______. 5. When an enzyme catalyzes (speeds up) a chemical reaction A. It acts as a reactant B. It acts as a product C. It raises the activation energy of a reaction D. It lowers the activation energy of a reaction Enzy ...
Cellular Respiration: Glycolysis
... -During this, hydrogen atoms reduce NAD+ to NADH so that NADH can continue into the krebs cycle and ETC to produce more ATP. -If the ETC stops then NADH is transferred to pyruvate. This produces lactate acetylalcohol but less carbon dioxide. -This step breaks the process of glycolysis into two separ ...
... -During this, hydrogen atoms reduce NAD+ to NADH so that NADH can continue into the krebs cycle and ETC to produce more ATP. -If the ETC stops then NADH is transferred to pyruvate. This produces lactate acetylalcohol but less carbon dioxide. -This step breaks the process of glycolysis into two separ ...
Slide 1
... 6.9 The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of organic molecules, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules The citric acid cycle – is also called the Krebs cycle (after the German-British researcher Hans Krebs, who worked out much of this pathway in the 1930s), – completes the oxidation of ...
... 6.9 The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of organic molecules, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules The citric acid cycle – is also called the Krebs cycle (after the German-British researcher Hans Krebs, who worked out much of this pathway in the 1930s), – completes the oxidation of ...
Chapter-14 - NCERT Help
... Tri Carboxylic Acid Cycle (Kreb’s cycle) or Citric acid Cycle : This cycle starts with condensation of acetyle group with oxaloacitic acid and water to yield citric acid which undergoes a series of reactions. ...
... Tri Carboxylic Acid Cycle (Kreb’s cycle) or Citric acid Cycle : This cycle starts with condensation of acetyle group with oxaloacitic acid and water to yield citric acid which undergoes a series of reactions. ...
anaerobic respiration
... Eventually O2 will again be available and the lactic acid will get oxidized to make CO2 and H2O by this overall redox reaction: C3H6O3 + 3 O2 3 CO2 + 3 H2O + energy Lactic acid conjugate acid for lactate ion ...
... Eventually O2 will again be available and the lactic acid will get oxidized to make CO2 and H2O by this overall redox reaction: C3H6O3 + 3 O2 3 CO2 + 3 H2O + energy Lactic acid conjugate acid for lactate ion ...
Enzyme Quiz # 20 First : Last: 1. Explain how an enzyme speeds up
... 2. Explain how the body is able to activate an enzyme in one part of the digestive tract (i.e stomach) and then denature the enzyme in later parts of the digestive tract ( i.e small intestine ) and at the same time activate other digestive enzymes in the small intestine to help this organ fulfill it ...
... 2. Explain how the body is able to activate an enzyme in one part of the digestive tract (i.e stomach) and then denature the enzyme in later parts of the digestive tract ( i.e small intestine ) and at the same time activate other digestive enzymes in the small intestine to help this organ fulfill it ...
Self Assessment Form This is a pre
... This is a pre-screen Physiology and biochemistry self assessment form for application to the Pg Diploma in Dietetics and MSc in Public Health Nutrition. Applicants should use this form to self declare any relevant prior study which can be used as part of the admissions process and as outlined in the ...
... This is a pre-screen Physiology and biochemistry self assessment form for application to the Pg Diploma in Dietetics and MSc in Public Health Nutrition. Applicants should use this form to self declare any relevant prior study which can be used as part of the admissions process and as outlined in the ...
Self Assessment Form This is a pre
... Public Health Nutrition. Applicants should use this form to self declare any relevant prior study which can be used as part of the admissions process and as outlined in the admissions requirement information. It is the applicant’s responsibility to ensure this form is completed sufficiently and writ ...
... Public Health Nutrition. Applicants should use this form to self declare any relevant prior study which can be used as part of the admissions process and as outlined in the admissions requirement information. It is the applicant’s responsibility to ensure this form is completed sufficiently and writ ...
Regulation of Glycolysis
... 50 times the concentration of AMP. As a result of the activity of adenylate kinase, a 10% decrease in the concentration of ATP results in 400 % increase in the concentration of AMP. III Other allosteric effectors of PFK-1 ADP is another allosteric effector of PFK-1. ADP like AMP reverses the inhibit ...
... 50 times the concentration of AMP. As a result of the activity of adenylate kinase, a 10% decrease in the concentration of ATP results in 400 % increase in the concentration of AMP. III Other allosteric effectors of PFK-1 ADP is another allosteric effector of PFK-1. ADP like AMP reverses the inhibit ...
1. A Draw the structure of glucose using either a ring or straight
... Divide, take the natural log and multiply by RT/F where T = 273+37. ...
... Divide, take the natural log and multiply by RT/F where T = 273+37. ...
Chapter 4
... Vmax – rate at saturation for a given enzyme concentration in moles per unit time Km – Michaelis constant – substrate concentration ...
... Vmax – rate at saturation for a given enzyme concentration in moles per unit time Km – Michaelis constant – substrate concentration ...
PPT CH 22
... • Is the oxygen-requiring breakdown of food and production of ATP • Process is also called oxidative phosphorylation as energy from oxidative reactions is used to phosphorylate ADP making ATP • Performed by enzymes in the mitochondrial matrix • Three oxidations transfer hydride to NAD+ or FAD • Elec ...
... • Is the oxygen-requiring breakdown of food and production of ATP • Process is also called oxidative phosphorylation as energy from oxidative reactions is used to phosphorylate ADP making ATP • Performed by enzymes in the mitochondrial matrix • Three oxidations transfer hydride to NAD+ or FAD • Elec ...
Cellular Respiration
... The Krebs cycle completes the breakdown of sugar It occurs inside the mitochondria In the Krebs cycle, pyruvic acid from glycolysis is first “prepped” into a usable form by combining it with enzyme Co-A to make Acetyl-CoA ...
... The Krebs cycle completes the breakdown of sugar It occurs inside the mitochondria In the Krebs cycle, pyruvic acid from glycolysis is first “prepped” into a usable form by combining it with enzyme Co-A to make Acetyl-CoA ...
HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 6 - Hudson City Schools / Homepage
... energy (C6H12O6)and forming bonds with less energy (CO2 and H2O). ...
... energy (C6H12O6)and forming bonds with less energy (CO2 and H2O). ...
Citric acid Cycle Remake - Study in Universal Science College
... reaction by removing and then adding back the water ( H and OH ) to cis-aconitate in at different positions. Isocitrate is consumed rapidly by the next step thus deriving the reaction in forward direction. ...
... reaction by removing and then adding back the water ( H and OH ) to cis-aconitate in at different positions. Isocitrate is consumed rapidly by the next step thus deriving the reaction in forward direction. ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.